scholarly journals Molecular Detection, Virulence Genes, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serotype enteritidis Isolated from Poultry and Clinical Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khaltabadi Farahani ◽  
Parastoo Ehsani ◽  
Mina Ebrahimi-Rad ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis

The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus cohnii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Delfani ◽  
Faranak Rezaei ◽  
Setareh Soroush ◽  
Pegah Shakib
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Types

Background: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns, antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM, mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types among the Staphylococcus cohniistrains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this study,S. cohniiisolates were screened from the clinical samples from March 2012 to February 2013 in Tehran, Iran.Antimicrobial susceptibility test and inducible clindamycin resistance were evaluated by disc diffusion method, andresistance genes were examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Then, biofilm formation assay was analyzed by Microtiter-plate test to detect the icaA and icaDgenes. The SCCmec and the Arginine Catabolite Mobile Element (ACME) typing were performed using the PCRmethod. Results: FromtwentyS. cohnii, all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 95% of the S. cohnii was defined as multidrug resistance (MDR)strains. The ermB, ermC, and vanA genes were not detected in any isolates; however, the blaZ gene had the highest frequency.95% of the S. cohnii isolates produced biofilm. Also, 4 SCCmec types, including V, IV, III+ (C2), VIII+ (AB1), were identified. Therefore, the majority of SCCmec were untypable. Based on the ACME typing, arcA and opp3 genes were positive in 13 (65%) and 1 (5%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high antimicrobial resistance and the spread of untypableSCCmecamong the isolates studied, the control and treatment of methicillin-resistantS. cohnii in hospitals and public health centers is a significant concern.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Ievy ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Mithun Talukder ◽  
Md. Bahanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
First Time

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant economic losses in poultry industries. Here, we determined for the first time in Bangladesh, the prevalence of APEC-associated virulence genes in E. coli isolated from layer farms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 99 samples comprising internal organs, feces, and air were collected from 32 layer farms. Isolation was performed by culturing samples on eosin–methylene blue agar plates, while the molecular detection of APEC was performed by PCR, and antibiograms were performed by disk diffusion. Among the samples, 36 were positive for the APEC-associated virulence genes fimC, iucD, and papC. Out of 36 isolates, 7, 18, and 11 were positive, respectively, for three virulence genes (papC, fimC, and iucD), two virulence genes, and a single virulence gene. Although the detection of virulence genes was significantly higher in the internal organs, the air and feces were also positive. The antibiograms revealed that all the isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline; 97.2%, to chloramphenicol and erythromycin; 55.5%, to enrofloxacin; 50.0%, to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin; 19.4%, to streptomycin; 11.1%, to colistin; and 8.33%, to gentamicin. Interestingly, all the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis revealed the strongest significant correlation between norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance. This is the first study in Bangladesh describing the molecular detection of APEC in layer farms. Isolated APEC can now be used for detailed genetic characterization and assessing the impact on public health.

Correlation Between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA and MSSA Isolated from Clinical Samples in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motaharesadat Hosseini ◽  
Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam ◽  
Solmaz Derakhshan ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Amin Hashemipour ◽  
Mehdi Hadadi-Fishani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Samples

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Mudzana ◽  
Rooyen T Mavenyengwa ◽  
Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Streptococcus agalacticae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. This study was carried out to identify antibiotic resistance and virulence genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women.Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from 420 vaginal samples collected from HIV positive and negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods and molecular identification testing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method and E-test strips. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0.Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified and hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) was common. The virulence genes identified were namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). High resistance to tetracycline 97.7% (42/43) was reported followed by 72.1% (31/43) cefazolin, 69.8% (30/43) penicillin G, 58.1% (25/43) ampicillin, 55.8% (24/43) clindamycin, 46.5% (20/43) ceftriaxone, 34.9% (15/43) chloramphenicol, and 30.2% (13/43) for both erythromycin and vancomycin using disk diffusion. Antibiotic resistance genes among the resistant and intermediate-resistant isolates showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded 9.3% (4/43).Conclusion: The study showed high prevalence of hly, scpB, bca and rib virulence genes in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. Multi-drug resistance coupled with the recovery of resistant isolates to antimicrobial agents such as penicillins indicates the importance of GBS surveillance and susceptibility tests. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.

scholarly journals Role of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes PA0756-0757, PA5033 and PA2070 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanth Manohar ◽  
Thamaraiselvan Shanthini ◽  
Reethu Ann Philip ◽  
Subramani Ramkumar ◽  
Manali Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes

AbstractTo evaluate the presence of biofilm-specific antibiotic-resistant genes, PA0756-0757, PA5033 and PA2070 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in Tamil Nadu. For this cross-sectional study, 24 clinical isolates (included pus, urine, wound, and blood) were collected from two diagnostic centers in Chennai from May 2015 to February 2016. Biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter dish biofilm formation assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined for planktonic and biofilm cells (MBC assay). Further, PCR amplification of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes PA0756-0757, PA5033 and PA2070 were performed. Biofilm formation was found to be moderate/strong in 16 strains. MBC for planktonic cells showed that 4, 7, 10 and 14 strains were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and colistin respectively. In MBC assay for biofilm cells (MBC-B), all the 16 biofilm producing strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin whereas nine and four were resistant to meropenem, and colistin respectively. The biofilm-specific antibiotic-resistant genes PA0756-0757 was found in 10 strains, 6 strains with PA5033 and 9 strains with PA2070 that were found to be resistant phenotypically. This study highlighted the importance of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes PA0756-0757, PA5033, and PA2070 in biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Mudzana ◽  
Rooyen T Mavenyengwa ◽  
Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Streptococcus agalacticae is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) virulence factors are important in the development of vaccines, whilst antibiotic resistance genes are necessary in understanding the resistance mechanisms used by these pathogens. This study was carried out to identify the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women.Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from vaginal samples that were collected from all HIV positive and HIV negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at both Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods including molecular tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using 3 antibiotics was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes in the isolates. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0 and the Spearman rank correlation test used to determine any correlation among genes.Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified. The profiles hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) and hly-scpB-bca 18.6% (8/43) were common among GBS isolates. The following virulence gene frequencies were obtained namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). Antibiotic resistance genes showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene amplification yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded a low 9.3% (4/43).Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of multiple virulence genes hly, scpB, bca and rib in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was found to be predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.

scholarly journals Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kiana Karimi ◽  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Parinaz Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that can lead to 14–20% of nosocomial infections. The ability of biofilm formation in this bacterium decreases the host immune response and antibiotic efficacy. This may impose a huge impact on patients and healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from two major Hamadan hospitals, west of Iran. Methods. A total of 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients in different wards of Hamadan hospitals from September 2018 to March 2019. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and chi-square test. Results. The results showed that clinical samples included 18 urinary tract samples (22%), 6 wound samples (7%), 6 blood samples (7%), 17 tracheal tube aspiration samples (20%), 32 throat cultures (38%), 2 sputum samples (2.5%), and 2 abscess drain cultures (2.5%). High-level resistance to cefotaxime was detected in 92%, and all of isolates were susceptible to colistin. Biofilm formation was seen in 62 (75%) isolates. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 17 (20%) strains. A significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance ( P value <0.05). Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for proper diagnosis, control, and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae especially in respiratory tract infections due to the strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance in these strains.

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