scholarly journals Frequency Assessment of OXA-10 and PER β-Lactamase Genes and Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in Klebsiella Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Kakian ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Hasan Najafi ◽  
Masoud Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tract Infections

An automated and portable antimicrobial susceptibility testing system for urinary tract infections

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Hsu ◽  
Wen-Bin Lee ◽  
Huey-Ling You ◽  
Mel S. Lee ◽  
Gwo-Bin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Tract Infections

A portable, integrated microfluidic system capable of automatically conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements using urine samples were developed.

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Revised Ciprofloxacin Breakpoint in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections by Enterobacteriaceae

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Ga-Eun Park ◽  
Jae-Hoon Ko ◽  
Sun-Young Cho ◽  
Hee-Jae Huh ◽  
Jin-Yang Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptible Group ◽  
Selection Of

In 2018, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) revised ciprofloxacin (CIP)-susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae from ≤1 μg/mL to ≤0.25 μg/mL, based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analysis. However, clinical data supporting the lowered CIP breakpoint are insufficient. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Enterobacteriaceae, which were previously CIP-susceptible and changed to non-susceptible. Bacteremic UTIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae with CIP minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 1 μg/mL were screened, and then patients treated with CIP as a definitive treatment were finally included. Patients in CIP-non-susceptible group (MIC = 0.5 or 1 μg/mL) were compared with patients in CIP-susceptible group (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL). Primary endpoints were recurrence of UTIs within 4 weeks and 90 days. A total of 334 patients were evaluated, including 282 of CIP-susceptible and 52 of CIP-non-susceptible. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups. In multivariate analysis, CIP non-susceptibility was not associated with recurrence of UTIs. CIP non-susceptibility based on a revised CIP breakpoint, which was formerly susceptible, was not associated with poor clinical outcomes in bacteremic UTI patients were treated with CIP, similar to those of the susceptible group. Further evaluation is needed to guide the selection of definitive antibiotics for UTIs.

A Method for Determining Nitrofurantoin in Urine in the Presence of Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride and Its Metabolites

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Hollifield ◽  
John D Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Related Metabolite

Abstract The high urinary drug concentrations usually encountered after administering nitrofurantoin in the chemotherapy of urinary tract infections are often measured by the nitromethane—Hyamine method. We show here that, if the urinary tract analgesic, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, and its related metabolite(s) are in the urine, they interfere with this determination of nitrofurantoin. Nevertheless, the nitromethane—Hyamine method may be modified to determine nitrofurantoin quantitatively in urine collected from human subjects who have been treated with the analgesic and nitrofurantoin concomitantly.

scholarly journals Changing pattern of resistant pathogens causing urinary tract infections in Karachi

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
H Najmul ◽  
A Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

INTRODUCTION: The study under view is based under the aim to investigate the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of pathogens, causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), to antibiotics commonly used in routine medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 10 months 100 isolates were collected for the determination of their susceptibility to chosen antibiotics, from a laboratory (MedPath Laboratories) in urban area of Karachi. All Gramnegative and Gram-positive urinary tract pathogens were re-identified by their morphological and biochemical characteristics and the susceptibility to seven antibiotics was determined. RESULTS: Pathogens were found as, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona spp, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococci spp. In recent study, more than half of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to one or more of the all antimicrobial drugs tested. Resistance was most common to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ofloxacin, cefixime, followed by gentamicin. Our results indicate that Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were the most common organisms causing UTI. Other organisms involved were Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. Increasing patterns of resistant to gentamicin, and ofloxacin were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, pattern of antibiotic susceptibility to first line antibiotics is changing hence antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates is crucial for the treatment of UTI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8069 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):99-104  

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem and imipenem growth in Klebsiella strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord educational hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Farshad Kakian ◽  
Behnam Zamzad ◽  
Abolfazl Gholipour ◽  
Kiarash Zamanzad
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and aims: Klebsiella is an opportunistic organism that is the cause of severe diseases such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). In addition, high antibiotic resistance has challenged the treatment of this bacterium. However, carbapenem antibiotics are considered as the therapeutic agents for selecting the treatment of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study aimed to determine the resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem and imipenem. Methods: A total of 80 Klebsiella spp isolated from UTIs were collected in various educational wards (i.e., urology, obstetrics, and gynecology, as well as the units of infectious diseases, internal medicine, and intensive care) in different hospitals of Shahrekord. The isolates were then identified by using biochemical tests. Further, disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, MIC was estimated by the Epsilon-test strip. Moreover, P=Q=0.50, an error of 0.05, and an accuracy of 0.11 were considered for determining the sample size (n=80). Results: Based on the results of disc diffusion method, 24 strains were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Additionally, the MIC was 24 (30%) by the E-test. In addition, 24 isolates had a MIC of ≥4 μg/mL for meropenem and imipenem and thus were resistant while 18 isolates were found to have a MIC of 1≤ MIC<4 μg/mL and therefore, were considered semi-sensitive (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, Klebsiella strains were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these strains and the selection of appropriate antibiotics can help quickly eradicate the infections caused by these bacteria. Accordingly, a waste of time, the consumption of medication, or even an increased resistance are prevented.

scholarly journals Determination of the carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from samples obtained from Shahrekord hospitals and determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Farshad Kakian ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Abolfazle Gholipour ◽  
Kiarash Zamanzad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and aims: Carbapenems are the final-line treatments for multidrug-resistant, gram-negative infections. The patterns of resistance to carbapenems among hospital bacterial pathogens vary widely across different hospitals in a country. Considering that Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, it is essential to study its drug resistance. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 80 samples of E. coli isolated from inpatients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were collected in different wards (i.e., women, urology, infectious, and ICU) of Shahrekord hospitals. After the diagnosis and confirmation of bacteria by standard bacteriological methods, their sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem was investigated by the antibiogram (diskdiffusion) method. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the E-test strip according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard. Results: In this study, resistance to meropenem and imipenem by antibiogram (disc diffusion) was observed in 21 (25.26%) and 20 (25%) of the isolates, respectively. Twenty isolates had MIC ≥4 μg/mL for meropenem, 13 isolates demonstrated MIC≥4 μg/mL for imipenem, and 14 isolates had 1≤MIC<4 μg/mL and were semi-sensitive. Conclusion: In general, E. coli had significant resistance to carbapenems. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these strains can be a major step to the treatment and control of these strains and prevention of the spread of the resistance.

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