scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women and Non-Pregnant Female Volunteers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn O Onosakponome ◽  
Austin E Abah ◽  
Michael Wogu
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk

Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, and is among the diseases generally referred to as neglected tropical disease (NTD). It can be a reason for impulsive abortion in pregnant women or hereditary chorioretinitis in neonates. Objectives: The present study examined seroprevalence and related risk issues of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women (PTW) and non-pregnant females (NPF) of two health facilities in Port Harcourt. Methods: Venous blood was collected from 380 women and analyzed by immunodiagnostic techniques using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay) IgG and IgM tests and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire on the socio-demographic risk issues linked with toxoplasmosis. Results: Among the study population, PTW and NPF had seroprevalence of 33.0% and 19.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). PTW recorded a higher overall seroprevalence than NPF with 16.1%, 1.3%, and 8.4%, 0.8% for Toxoplasma gondii ELISA IgG, and IgM tests, respectively. IgM-positive cases were all authenticated by the real-time PCR technique and were all negative. Age group 35-39 years had the highest IgG seroprevalence of 24.3% for PTW, while the age group > 40 years had the highest IgG seroprevalence of 18.2% for NPF. Traders recorded the uppermost seroprevalence of 20.9% and 2.6% for IgG and IgM among PTW, respectively, while teachers and traders recorded the maximum seroprevalence of 15.6% and 1.7% for IgG and IgM among NPF, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no association between the age group, occupation, trimester, and toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: The toxoplasmosis was significantly high in pregnant women. It is recommended that Toxoplasma gondii tests should be included as a routine test during antenatal.

scholarly journals Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiamongst Pregnant Women in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Aqeely ◽  
Eman K. El-Gayar ◽  
Darakhshan Perveen Khan ◽  
Abdullah Najmi ◽  
Ayesha Alvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution. There is limited information about the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the southern area of Saudi Arabia. The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence ofT. gondiiin pregnant women in Jazan province.Materials and Methods.The study was conducted between January and June 2013 and included 195 pregnant women, data on sociodemographic and predisposing factors were collected from each participant. Venous blood samples were collected following standard operating procedures. Serological analysis for latent toxoplasmosis (levels of IgG) and active toxoplasmosis (IgM) was done using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results.The overall seroprevalence ofT. gondiiin the study area was 24.1%. The seroprevalence of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG was 20% (39 out of 195), whereas IgM seropositivity was 6.2% (12 out of 195). Only 4 pregnant women tested positive for both IgG and IgM. The highest IgG and IgM seroprevalence was among the study participants aged 35 to 39 years (13.5% and 35.1%, resp.). The seropositivity rate ofT. gondii-specific antibodies was higher among pregnant women from the urban areas than those from rural communities (7.4% versus 0% and 21% versus 15.4% for IgM and IgG, resp.).Conclusions.The seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas high in pregnant woman in Jazan. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis increases with increase of age. Awareness health education program in Jazan needs to be maintained and developed to targeted pregnant women.

scholarly journals Potential linkage between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and physical education scores of College Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijin Sheng ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Yinan Du ◽  
Xinlei Yan ◽  
Yong Yao
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
School Students ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

ABSTRACTObjectiveToxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite that could infect virtually all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in college students at Anhui province, China. Moreover, growing studies demonstrated the association between T. gondii infection and host behavioral changes. We also studied the linkage between T. gondii and scores of college students.Methods2704 serum samples of medical school students attending physical education lessons were collected from September 2017 to September 2019 and evaluated for T. gondii IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also analysed PE scores of T. gondii infected students and T. gondii uninfected students.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 11.5%. The main risk factors related to T. gondii infections were cat in the household and gardening or agriculture activity. Furthermore, in basketball group and football group, scores of T. gondii seropositive students were significantly higher than that of seronegative students, while in other sports there is no difference between scores of T. gondii infected students and T. gondii uninfected students.ConclusionThis is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in college students in Anhui province, China.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demissie Assegu Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR = 1.206, 95% CI (1.627–2.206, P = 0.043), consumption of raw meat (OR = 0.848, 95% CI: 1.517–2.941, P = 0.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 1.531–2.221, P = 0.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother’s knowledge about toxoplasmosis towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.

scholarly journals IMMUNITY TO PERTUSSIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SERONEGATIVE STATUS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krieger ◽  
O. Samodova ◽  
L. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Test System ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Factors Associated

Despite high levels of vaccination coverage, pertussis remains a serious problem. Pertussis cases are registered among infants, adolescents, and adults. Infants younger than three months of age have the highest rate of serious clinical course of pertussis. Transplacental transfer of pertussis-specific antibodies induce protection against infection. The available data on antibody level against pertussis among pregnant women in Russia are fragmentary. To evaluate the humoral immunity to Bordetella pertussis in pregnant women and factors associated with seronegative status we performed cross-sectional study including 388 participants. “SeroPertussis IgG” (Israel) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test-system was used for quantitative measurement of antibodies to pertussis toxin / hemagglutinin. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with seronegative status. The median age of the participants was 30 years. The majority of them (51,3%) did not provide documented vaccination against pertussis. A positive (protective) level of anti-pertussis antibodies (10-50 BU/ml) was revealed in the venous blood of 46,9% of pregnant women. In 25,8% of seropositive women, concentration of specific antibodies was high (> 50 BU/ml). That may indirectly indicate recent Bordetella pertussis infection. More than half of the women surveyed (53,1%) did not have a protective titer of antibodies and were considered susceptible to pertussis. Their children will not receive transplacental immunity to infection. Gestational age was significantly associated with seronegative status. Compared to women tested during the first trimester, participants in their third trimester of pregnancy were more likely to be seronegative to pertussis. The odds of being susceptible increased with increased gestational period (p for linear trend < 0,01). There were no significant differences between the seropositive and seronegative participants with regard to age, gravidity and vaccination status. Pertussis booster vaccinations for preschool children, adolescence and healthcare workers dealing with pregnant women and newborns, as well as cocoon vaccination strategy and vaccination during pregnancy, are required to be implemented to protect infants against pertussis.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant mother in Makassar, Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0245572
Author(s):  
Nurul Fadilah Ali Polanunu ◽  
Sitti Wahyuni ◽  
Firdaus Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

The protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to infect one-third of the world’s population. Infection in pregnant women can cause severe conditions for their babies. Until now, there is no data regarding Toxoplasma infection from Makassar pregnant mothers. This study aims to obtain information on Toxoplasma specific antibodies and to measure the risk factor associate with parasite infection. This cross-sectional study conducted in 9 of 47 primary health centres (Puskesmas) in Makassar. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected from 184 pregnant women aged 15–42 years old from September to October 2020. ELISA technique was used to examine the IgG and IgM antibodies. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to measure factors that independently associate with Toxoplasma antibody positivity. Our result showed the range of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG are 0.06–1.01 and 0.09–3.01, respectively. While no one of our participants has an acute Toxoplasma gondii infection (IgM positive), we found 32,6% pregnant mothers are exposed to parasite (positive IgG). Contact with cats [OR(95%CI): 10.45(3.77–28.99)], consume chicken satay [OR(95%CI): 9.72(3.71–25.48)] and consume un-boiled water/ filtered water [OR(95%CI): 5.98(1.77–20.23)] are independently associate with positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Based on the result, we conclude that pregnant women in Makassar are exposed to T. gondii and the oocyst and tissue cyst of parasite contaminates food and water in Makassar.

scholarly journals Cytokines Level (Il8 and Il17) in Pregnant Women with Toxoplasmosis in Khartoum State

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Wahaj M. M ◽  
Satti, A. B ◽  
Abdalla H.S ◽  
Ahmed S. Kabbashi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Patient’S Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide caused by Toxoplasma gondii that leads to abortion or hydrocephalus during pregnancy. It’s a comparative cross-sectional one designed to assess immunoglobulins and cytokines in pregnant women. A total of 300 venous blood samples were collected from each pregnant woman and centrifuged to obtain serum. Patient’s information was recorded in a questionnaire previously designed for the purpose of analysis. In addition, 40 uninfected women were enrolled in the study as control group to assess the level of IL8 and IL17 cytokines. The overall seropositive rate of Toxoplasma gondii infection was 22.6%. Within the positive cases of study population, only 16 and 13 showed positive results of IL8, IL17 respectively. The results showed highly significant increase in the mean serum level of IL8 (210.25pg/ml) and IL17 (203.15 pg/ml) when compared to the control group who showed 68.9 pg/ml and 54.8 pg/ml respectively. The serum level of proinflammatory cytokines investigated in this study seems to be increased in patients with serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Our study concludes that IL-17 and IL-8 involved in the induction of inflammation and toxoplasmosis disease.

Malaria and hookworm co-infection and their effects on anaemia of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in University Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Jude Chimezie Umeh ◽  
Paul Columba Inyang-Etoh ◽  
Dorathy Chioma Okpokam ◽  
Iquo Bassey Otu-Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Hookworm Infections

Background: Malaria and hookworm infections independently have been known to cause anaemia. Coinfection of these two parasites can aggravated the morbidity of these infections with a resulting impact on anaemia especially in pregnancy.Aims and Objective: This work was aimed at assessing the prevalence of malaria and hookworm co-infection and their effects on anaemia among pregnant women in Calabar Metroplis.Materials and Methods: Giemsa stained film of venous blood was examined microscopically for malaria parasites while cyanmethaemoglobin method was used for haemoglobin level estimation. Stool samples were examined microscopically while Stoll’s technique was used in counting the ova of hookworm.Results: 19(6.3%) of the subjects were infected with hookworm, 45(15.0%) with malaria, while 9(3.0%) were infected with both parasites. Severe anaemia of 4(44.4%) was observed amongst the test (infected) subjects while the control (uninfected) subjects had a severe anaemia of 3(1.0%). The highest prevalence of co-infections of malaria and hookworm 4(38.6%) occurred among the age group of 26-30years (p=0.371). Subjects in their 3rd trimester had the highest prevalence of co-infection of 4(4.4%) (p=0.412). The highest prevalence of severe anaemia 1(100.0%) occurred among the age group of 16-20years (p=0.002).Conclusion: This work has shown a low prevalence of malaria and hookworm co-infection. The level of severe anaemia among infected pregnant women was more than that observed among subjects without any of the two infections.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(3) 2018 27-35

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF NEWBORNS WITH THE LEVEL VITAMIN D DURING GESTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Vasilieva E.N. ◽  
Zhamlikhanova S.S. ◽  
Okhotina T.N. ◽  
Levitskaya V.M. ◽  
Sidorova T.N.
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Relationship Of

Most of pregnant women have a low vitamin D content, which undoubtedly negatively affects the course of pregnancy and the quality of health of newborn children. Vitamin D is involved in the implantation process, placental function and epigenetic programming of the fetus. Low vitamin D supply affects fetal and newborn development and health in childhood and adulthood. Purpose of the study: comparative analysis of the health of newborns depending on the level of vitamin D during gestation. Research materials: venous blood of women and blood from the umbilical cord of newborns. The method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using BIOMEDICAGRUPPE (Germany) kits was used to determine the level of vitamin D. A comparative analysis of the quality of health of newborns was carried out depending on the level of vitamin D in the venous blood of pregnant women. The study revealed that the low content of vitamin D in the blood of the umbilical cord is due to the low supply of vitamin D in the mother's blood. An insufficient level of vitamin D was revealed in pregnant women who did not take vitamin D preparations. with a lower body weight and with a lower Apgar score, with a large number of perinatal complications - this confirms the important role of vitamin D supply in the functioning of the mother−placenta−fetus system.

Incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women in France, 1980–2020: model-based estimation

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. NOGAREDA ◽  
Y. LE STRAT ◽  
I. VILLENA ◽  
H. DE VALK ◽  
V. GOULET
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Time Specific

SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis due to Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite of warm-blooded animals including humans. In pregnant women, primary infection can cause congenital toxoplasmosis resulting in severe malformations in the newborn. Since 1978, public health authorities in France have implemented a congenital toxoplasmosis prevention programme, including monthly serological screening of all seronegative pregnant women, and treatment in case of seroconversion. However, this programme does not produce systematic surveillance data on incidence and prevalence. Our objective was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of T. gondii infection, and the incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy in women in France. We used a catalytic model to estimate incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma infection between 1980 and 2020 in women of childbearing age. We used age- and time-specific seroprevalence data obtained from the National Perinatal Surveys (NPS) conducted in 1995, 2003 and 2010. We assumed that incidence depends both on age and calendar time, and can be expressed as the product of two unknown functions. We also estimated incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy in 2010 from the NPS and the National Surveillance of Congenital Toxoplasmosis (ToxoSurv). We combined data of 42208 women aged 15–45 years with serology available from the three NPS. For women aged 30 years the modelled incidence decreased from 7·5/1000 susceptible women in 1980 to 3·5/1000 in 2000. In 2010 the incidence was 2·4/1000. The predicted incidence and prevalence for 2020 was 1·6/1000 and 27%, respectively. The incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy in 2010 was estimated at 2·1/1000 susceptible pregnant women (95% CI 1·3–3·1) from the NPS and 1·9 (95% CI 1·8–2·1) from ToxoSurv. Incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma infection has decreased markedly during the last 30 years. This decrease may be explained by a lower exposure to the parasite by changes in food habits and by improved hygiene practices in meat production. Modelled estimations were consistent with estimates observed in other studies conducted previously in France. The catalytic modelling provides reliable estimates of incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma infection over time. This approach might be useful for evaluating preventive programme for toxoplasmosis.

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