scholarly journals Molecular and Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Development in Cereals: Present Status and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Jyotirmaya Mathan ◽  
Amit Yadav ◽  
Aakash K. Goyal ◽  
Ashok Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Cereal Seed ◽  
Global Population

Cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils and protein, making them the world’s most important source of nutrition. The influence of rising global population, as well as the emergence and spread of disease, has the major impact on cereal production. To meet the demand, there is a pressing need to increase cereal production. Optimal seed development is a key agronomical trait that contributes to crop yield. The seed development and maturation is a complex process that includes not only embryo and endosperm development, but also accompanied by huge physiological, biochemical, metabolic, molecular and transcriptional changes. This chapter discusses the growth of cereal seed and highlights the novel biological insights, with a focus on transgenic and new molecular breeding, as well as biotechnological intervention strategies that have improved crop yield in two major cereal crops, primarily wheat and rice, over the last 21 years (2000–2021).

scholarly journals A Novel SCA3 Knock-in Mouse Model Mimics the Human SCA3 Disease Phenotype Including Neuropathological, Behavioral, and Transcriptional Abnormalities Especially in Oligodendrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Haas ◽  
Rana D. Incebacak ◽  
Thomas Hentrich ◽  
Chrisovalantou Huridou ◽  
Thorsten Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Cerebellar Tissue ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Polyq Expansion

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is the most common autosomal dominant inherited ataxia worldwide, caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Ataxin-3 gene resulting in a polyglutamine (polyQ)-expansion in the corresponding protein. The disease is characterized by neuropathological, phenotypical, and specific transcriptional changes in affected brain regions. So far, there is no mouse model available representing all the different aspects of the disease, yet highly needed for a better understanding of the disease pathomechanisms. Here, we characterized a novel Ataxin-3 knock-in mouse model, expressing a heterozygous or homozygous expansion of 304 CAACAGs in the murine Ataxin-3 locus using biochemical, behavioral, and transcriptomic approaches. We compared neuropathological, and behavioral features of the new knock-in model with the in SCA3 research mostly used YAC84Q mouse model. Further, we compared transcriptional changes found in cerebellar samples of the SCA3 knock-in mice and post-mortem human SCA3 patients. The novel knock-in mouse is characterized by the expression of a polyQ-expansion in the murine Ataxin-3 protein, leading to aggregate formation, especially in brain regions known to be vulnerable in SCA3 patients, and impairment of Purkinje cells. Along these neuropathological changes, the mice showed a reduction in body weight accompanied by gait and balance instability. Transcriptomic analysis of cerebellar tissue revealed age-dependent differential expression, enriched for genes attributed to myelinating oligodendrocytes. Comparing these changes with those found in cerebellar tissue of SCA3 patients, we discovered an overlap of differentially expressed genes pointing towards similar gene expression perturbances in several genes linked to myelin sheaths and myelinating oligodendrocytes.

scholarly journals To the question of transformation of literary texts into stage version (“Three Years” of A. P. Chekhov in theatrical interpretation of S. V. Zhenovach)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Daria Savinova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Action Identification ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Authorial Intent ◽  
Stage Direction ◽  
New Type ◽  
Theatre Studies

This article is dedicated to the question of text transformation from authorial intent to stage impersonation. Despite the established tradition of studying the questions of recoding of literary text into theatrical, there is yet no theoretical-literary substantiation. Recoding is considered a complex process of creating a new type of text by the theatre director for staging a play. Therefore, an attempt is made to analyze the elements of transformation of literary text into its stage version, using the example of S. V. Zhenovach’s unpublished manuscript for stage direction based on A. P. Chekhov’s novella “Three Years”. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the patterns in transformation of literary text into stage version. The tools and means of expression applied in theatre and literature are different. If in literature it is possible to set several task and solve them all within the framework of the novel, then in theatre, it must be one ultimate task that organizes the action. Identification of the key peculiarities of existence of such type of text as “stage direction” on the example of transformation of the novella “The Years” from the authorial intent to stage impersonation demonstrated its significance for not only theatre studies, but also the theory of literature.

Model and Infrastructure for Communications in Context-Aware Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 472-486
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
Susana Borromeo ◽  
Juan Hernandez-Tamames
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ambient Intelligent ◽  
New Type

The appearance of concepts such as “Ambient Intelligent”, “Ubiquitous Computing” and “Context-Awareness” is causing the development of a new type of services called “Context-Aware Services” that in turn may affect users of mobile communications. This technology revolution is a a complex process because of the heterogeneity of contents, devices, objects, technologies, resources and users that can coexist at the same local environment. The novel approach of our work is the development of a ”Local Infrastructure” in order to provide intelligent, transparent and adaptable services to the user as well as to solve the problem of local context control. Two contributions will be presented: conceptual model for developing a local infrastructure and an architecture design to control the service offered by the local infrastructure. This infrastructure proposed consists of an intelligent device network to link the personal portable device with the contextual services. The device design is modular, flexible, scalable, adaptable and reconfigurable remotely in order to tolerate new demanding services whenever are needed. Finally, the result suggests that we will be able to develop a wide range of new and useful applications, not conceived at origin.

scholarly journals The DYW-subgroup pentatricopeptide repeat protein PPR27 interacts with ZmMORF1 to facilitate mitochondrial RNA editing and seed development in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5495-5505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Shi-Kai Cao ◽  
Aqib Sayyed ◽  
Huan-Huan Yang ◽  
Jiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Complex ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Ppr Protein ◽  
Ppr Proteins

Abstract C-to-U RNA editing in plant mitochondria requires the participation of many nucleus-encoded factors, most of which are pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. There is a large number of PPR proteins and the functions many of them are unknown. Here, we report a mitochondrion-localized DYW-subgroup PPR protein, PPR27, which functions in the editing of multiple mitochondrial transcripts in maize. The ppr27 mutant is completely deficient in C-to-U editing at the ccmFN-1357 and rps3-707 sites, and editing at six other sites is substantially reduced. The lack of editing at ccmFN-1357 causes a deficiency of CcmFN protein. As CcmFN functions in the maturation pathway of cytochrome proteins that are subunits of mitochondrial complex III, its deficiency results in an absence of cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c proteins. Consequently, the assembly of mitochondrial complex III and super-complex I+III2 is decreased, which impairs the electron transport chain and respiration, leading to arrests in embryogenesis and endosperm development in ppr27. In addition, PPR27 was found to physically interact with ZmMORF1, which interacts with ZmMORF8, suggesting that these three proteins may facilitate C-to-U RNA editing via the formation of a complex in maize mitochondria. This RNA editing is essential for complex III assembly and seed development in maize.

Paradoxes in the Pursuit of Positive Identities

2020 ◽  
pp. 617-636
Author(s):  
Mathew L. Sheep
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Organizational Scholarship

Why do people work so hard to establish and grow an identity that is positive? Individuals in their work organizations engage in ongoing identity work to establish and sustain positive identities in pursuit of life, energy, viability, well-being, and growth. However, the pursuit of positive identities does not altogether negate the negative, nor is it a simple, linear path to growth. It is often a complex process, riddled with contradiction and tension, with aspirational identities paradoxically unfolding in a persistent tension with their opposites that can be residuals from past history and/or emergent from current crisis or perceived future threat. The literature exploring positive identities (part of a larger stream of a ‘positive’ turn in psychology and organizational scholarship) has grown steadily over the past two decades. The novel focus of this chapter is to explore the paradoxical, tensional aspects of and tactics involved in positive identity work, highlighting current perspectives, criticisms, and ways forward in research.

Early seed development in the annual and perennial Secale taxa

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
A. J. Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Embryo Cell ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Early Seed Development

The early embryo and endosperm development patterns of five annual taxa and three perennial taxa of the genus Secale were analyzed. The results showed that there was considerable variation in the speed of early embryo and endosperm development within the genus Secale, and that the developmental patterns of the annual and perennial taxa overlapped. Comparisons indicated that DNA content per se did not have any influence on the speed of early embryo development or aberrant endosperm nucleus production in either the annual or perennial taxa. However, comparisons between the percent telomeric heterochromatin and the number of embryo cells produced showed a significant positive correlation in the annual taxa, and a nonsignificant correlation in the perennial taxa. There was a positive correlation between the number of aberrant endosperm nuclei and percent telomeric heterochromatin in the annual taxa, while the perennial taxa showed a nonsignificant but negative correlation. The results suggest that percent telomeric heterochromatin has a different effect on early seed development in the annual taxa than in the perennial taxa.Key words: Secale, heterochromatin, DNA content, embryo cell cycle.

scholarly journals QTL-seq Analysis of Seed Size Trait in Grape Reveal New Insight on The Genetics of Seedlessness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Songlin Zhang ◽  
Chen Jiao ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Chonghuai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Nonsynonymous Snps ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Functional Variants ◽  
Seedless Grape

Abstract Background Seedlessness in grape ( Vitis vinifera ) is an important commercial trait for both the fresh and drying markets. However, despite numerous studies, the mechanisms and key genes regulating grape seedlessness are mostly unknown. Results In this study, we sequenced the genomes of the V. vinifera seeded cultivar ‘Red Globe’, the seedless cultivar ‘Centennial’, as well as the derived hybrids. Nonsynonymous SNPs were identified and analyzed with respect to published transcriptome data. All the DEGs containing nonsynonymous SNPs were further analyzed in terms of expression patterns, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment. A potential QTL region associated with seed size was characterized based on SNP indices for both seedless and seeded progeny. Expression analysis of candidate genes during ovule development in multiple seeded and seedless grape cultivars further indicates their potential function in grape seed development. Conclusion In summary, DEGs containing nonsynonymous SNPs were mainly protein kinase, transcription factors, cytochrome P450 and other factors related to seed development, which were mainly involved in biological processes like hormone balance, seed coat and endosperm development, reproductive organ development, oxidation and reduction, senescence and cell death. Based on SNP-index and expression pattern analysis, three genes were further identified as potential seedlessness-related genes. Overall the data cast light on the differences of seed development between seeded and sedless progeny in perspective of both functional variants and expression pattern,which provides valuable candidates for future functional study.

scholarly journals Seed development in Paeonia ostii (Paeoniaceae), with particular reference to embryogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keliang Zhang ◽  
Weizhang Cao ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Peripheral Cells

Abstract Background Seeds of Paeonia ostii have been proposed as a source of raw material for the production of edible oil; however, lack of information about the developmental biology of the seeds hampers our ability to use them. Our aim was to investigate development of the seed coat, endosperm and embryo of P. ostii in relation to timing of accumulation of nutrient reserves from pollination to seed maturity. Ovules and developing seeds of P. ostii were collected at various stages of development from zygote to maturity. Seed fresh mass, dry mass, germination, moisture, soluble sugars, starch, protein and oil content were determined. Ontogeny of seeds including embryo, endosperm and seed coat were analyzed histologically. Results The ovule of P. ostii is anatropous, crassinucellate and bitegmic. The zygote begins to divide at about 5 days after pollination (DAP), and the division is not accompanied by cell wall formation. By 25 DAP, the proembryo begins to cellularize. Thereafter, several embryo primordia appear at the surface of the cellularized proembryo, but only one matures. Endosperm development follows the typical nuclear type. The seed coat is derived from the outer integument. During seed development, soluble sugars, starch and crude fat content increased and then decreased, with maximum contents at 60, 80 and 100 DAP, respectively. Protein content was relatively low compared with soluble sugars and crude fat, but it increased throughout seed development. Conclusions During seed development in P. ostii, the seed coat acts as a temporary storage tissue. Embryo development of P. ostii can be divided into two stages: a coenocytic proembryo from zygote (n + n) that degenerates and a somatic embryo from peripheral cells of the proembryo (2n → 2n). This pattern of embryogeny differs from that of all other angiosperms, but it is similar to that of gymnosperms.

scholarly journals The role of digital technologies on growth of mutual funds industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar Das ◽  
Shahnawaz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Services Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Services Industry ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Back Office

This study aims to evaluate the effect of rapid changes in financial technologies and their impact on the financial services industry of India. A descriptive study has been made on the implementation of financial technologies in modern-day financial services Industries. An intensive literature review has been done from the existing most recent available journals, newspaper articles, government websites, and magazines. We have discussed the effects of the financial technologies on the existing financial system of India, the threats and challenges faced by the regulators in regulating the novel disruptive technologies. We have also discussed potential threats, challenges and future prospects of upcoming technologies in the mutual funds industry in India. Based on the literature review, it is found that financial technologies (FinTech) have a positive and important effect on the financial services industry of India. The AUM (Asset Under Management) has seen a tremendous jump in the recent past. It has also increased the customer experience with better access to the back office, even from remote places. In addition, the paper has also discussed the challenges faced by the regulators, who are yet to fully understand the implication of the fast-changing technological environment around us. Finally, this article contributes to the knowledge building and understanding of financial technologies and its impact on the financial industry, challenges, and future prospects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document