scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Arsenic Contaminated Water Using Aquatic, Semi-Aquatic and Submerged Weeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibakar Roy ◽  
Dasari Sreekanth ◽  
Deepak Pawar ◽  
Himanshu Mahawar ◽  
Kamal K. Barman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Precipitation

Arsenic (As) is the one the most toxic element present in earth which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Arsenic contamination of drinking water in South and Southeast Asia reported one of the most threatening problems that causes serious health hazard of millions of people of India and Bangladesh. Further, use of arsenic contaminated ground water for irrigation purpose causes entry of arsenic in food crops, especially in Rice and other vegetable crops. Currently various chemical technologies utilized for As removal from contaminated water like adsorption and co-precipitation using salts, activated charcoal, ion exchange, membrane filtration etc. are very costly and cannot be used for large scale for drinking and agriculture use. In contrast, phytoremediation utilizes green plats to remove pollutants from contaminated water using various mechanisms such as rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegrartion and phytovolatilization. A large numbers of terrestrial and aquatic weed flora have been identified so far having hyper metal, metalloid and organic pollutant removal capacity. Among the terrestrial weed flora Arundo donax, Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Vetivaria zizinoids etc. are the hyper As accumulator. Similarly Eicchornea crassipes (Water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), Lemna minor (duck weed), Hyrdilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Spirodella polyrhiza, Azola, Wolfia spp., etc. are also capable to extract higher amount of arsenic from contaminated water. These weed flora having As tolerance mechanism in their system and thus remediate As contaminated water vis-à-vis continue their life cycle. In this chapter we will discuss about As extraction potential of various aquatic and semi aquatic weeds from contaminated water, their tolerance mechanism, future scope and their application in future world mitigating As contamination in water resources.

scholarly journals Phenol Removal Capacity of the Common Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and Six Phenol-Resistant Bacterial Strains From Its Rhizosphere: In Vitro Evaluation at High Phenol Concentrations

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Olga Radulović ◽  
Slaviša Stanković ◽  
Branka Uzelac ◽  
Vojin Tadić ◽  
Milana Trifunović-Momčilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The main topic of this study is the bioremediation potential of the common duckweed, Lemna minor L., and selected rhizospheric bacterial strains in removing phenol from aqueous environments at extremely high initial phenol concentrations. To that end, fluorescence microscopy, MIC tests, biofilm formation, the phenol removal test (4-AAP method), the Salkowski essay, and studies of multiplication rates of sterile and inoculated duckweed in MS medium with phenol (200, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1) were conducted. Out of seven bacterial strains, six were identified as epiphytes or endophytes that efficiently removed phenol. The phenol removal experiment showed that the bacteria/duckweed system was more efficient during the first 24 h compared to the sterile duckweed control group. At the end of this experiment, almost 90% of the initial phenol concentration was removed by both groups, respectively. The bacteria stimulated the duckweed multiplication even at a high bacterial population density (>105 CFU mL−1) over a prolonged period of time (14 days). All bacterial strains were sensitive to all the applied antibiotics and formed biofilms in vitro. The dual bacteria/duckweed system, especially the one containing strain 43-Hafnia paralvei C32-106/3, Accession No. MF526939, had a number of characteristics that are advantageous in bioremediation, such as high phenol removal efficiency, biofilm formation, safety (antibiotic sensitivity), and stimulation of duckweed multiplication.

scholarly journals Waste Bricks Applied as Removal Agent of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solutions: Base Treatment and Their Regeneration Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fethi Kooli ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mostafa Abboudi ◽  
Hicham Oudghiri Hassani ◽  
Souad Rakass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Maximum Removal

Waste brick materials were applied as removal materials of basic blue 41 (BB-41) from artificially contaminated water. They were characterized by different techniques prior their use. A series of removal tests were carried out at different conditions, such as a dosage effect, pH value, initial concentrations, and chemical treatment. The removal results indicated that the two untreated waste bricks had limited removal capacities of basic blue 41, ranging from 19 to 30 mg/g. However, these values were improved upon treatment with NaOH solution or by increasing the removal temperature. Waste brick collected from the Medina area (Med-WB) exhibited higher removal capacity compared to the one collected from the Jeddah area (Jed-WB), with a maximum removal capacity of 60 mg/g at 60 °C. The pH of the BB-41 solution also played an important factor, as it improved the removal amounts from 25 mg/g to 45 mg/g at initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The regenerative process was studied using oxidative reaction of the removed basic blue 41 with a solution of oxone and cobalt nitrate. The efficiency was maintained after 5 runs for Med-WB, with a slight variation of 25%, while it felt to 50% for Jed-WB material after three runs. These data indicate that the waste brick materials present as potential candidates for the dye removal and their origin has to be identified.

Coagulation of humic acid by ferric chloride in saline (marine) water conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duan ◽  
N.J.D. Graham ◽  
F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Co Precipitation

The coagulation of a model seawater-humic acid solution with a hydrolysis metal salt (FeCl3) has been studied by monitoring floc size, solution pH, and zeta potential. The kinetic features of the orthokinetic coagulation have been demonstrated in relation to coagulant dosages, solution pH and zeta potential. Humic acid removal and floc charge reduction increased with coagulant dosage. Adjusting the solution pH prior to coagulation had a substantial effect on the treatment performance. By pH adjustment to pH 6, the greatest humic acid removal (by coagulation and subsequent membrane filtration) and the largest floc size was achieved at a FeCl3 dosage of 200 mmol l−1. It is believed that the coagulation is characterised by competition between OH- ions and humic acid for ferric ions in the co-precipitation process. In acidic pH, where the concentration of OH- ions is low, humic acid molecules may compete more favourably for bonding sites in the co-precipitation, which leads to a more compact precipitation and a higher overall humic acid removal.

Implementation of Community Wetlands for the sanitation of the Cajititlan Lake, Jalisco

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Caro-Becerra ◽  
Luz Adriana Vizcaíno-Rodríguez ◽  
Ramiro Luján-Godínez ◽  
J. Guadalupe Michel-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Vegetation Species

Wetlands are systems that promote the sustainability and development of a society. The goal of this research was the implementation of a prototype aquatic garden to assess the quality of water in Cajititlán Lake, using sewage treatment plants with the purpose of removing nutrients, phosphates and nitrates among others parameters. This was made possible by floating structures containing aquatic vegetation species like.: Typha latifolia, Lemna minor, Canna indica, Iris pseudacorus, Equisetum arvense, etc. whose basic function is to retain nutrients through phytoremediation processes. The results indicate that the implementation of community wetlands made possible to reduce BOD levels from 220 mg/lt to 12 mg/lt across a surface of 120 m², treating a flow rate of approximately 5.30 gal/min to obtain an effluent in accordance with norm NMX-AA-012-SCFI. It is concluded that community wetlands are suitable ecological alternatives for the treatment of the wastewater discharged directly into the lake.

Effects of topsoil removal on greenhouse gas exchange of fen paludicultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp-Fernando Köwitsch ◽  
Bärbel Tiemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Topsoil Removal ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
The One

<p>Drainage is necessary for conventional agriculture on peatlands, but this practice causes high emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Paludiculture is an option to mitigate these adverse environmental effects while maintaining productive land use. Whereas the GHG exchange of paludiculture on rewetted bog peat, i.e. <em>Sphagnum</em> farming, is relatively well examined, data on GHG emissions from fen paludicultures is still very scarce. As typical fen paludiculture species are all aerenchymous plants, the release of methane is of particular interest when optimising the GHG balance of such systems. Topsoil removal is, on the one hand, an option to reduce methane emissions as well as phosphorus release upon rewetting, but on the other hand, nutrient-rich topsoils might foster biomass growth.</p><p>In this project, <em>Typha angustifolia</em>, <em>Typha latifolia</em>, and <em>Phragmites australis</em> are grown at a fen peatland formerly used as grassland. Water levels will be kept at the surface or slightly above it. In parts of the newly created polder, the topsoil will be removed. To be able to separate the effects of topsoil removal and water level, four smaller sub-polders will be installed. Greenhouse gas exchange will be measured with closed manual chambers for all three species with and without topsoil removal as well as at a reference grassland site close by.</p>

Sonochemical Co-Precipitation Synthesis of Gallic Acid-Modified Magnetite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Rahmayanti ◽  
Sri Juari Santosa ◽  
Sutarno
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Precipitation

Gallic acid-modified magnetites were synthesized by one and two-step reactions via the newly developed sonochemical co-precipitation method. The two-step reaction included the formation of magnetite powder and mixing the magnetite powder with gallic acid solution, while the one-step reaction did not go through the formation magnetite powder. The obtained gallic acid-modified magnetites were characterized by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). More over, the magnetic properties were studied by using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The characterization results showed that there were differences in crystalinity, surface morphology and magnetic properties of products that were formed by one and two-step reactions.

Study on the Characterization of Zinc Ferrite High-Temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization Agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1233-1237
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Xu ◽  
Mei Sheng Liang ◽  
Chun Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ferric Nitrate ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Precipitation

Using ferric nitrate, zinc nitrate, ammonia liquor and binder as main raw materials, five kinds of zinc ferrite sorbents were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The effects of the different binders on the structure and texture of zinc ferrite sorbents were investigated. The morphology, composite structure, pore properties, and mechanical strength were studied by using modern several physicochemical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), strength tester and gas absorption meter. It is showed that spinel structure ZnFe2O4 is not affected by different binders，and its particle diameter is in micron leve1. The spinel structures are present in the sorbents that have been calcined at 750 0C.. The sorbent employed kaolinite as binder is the best one of the five types of sorbents for desulfurization, while the one employed diatomite is the worst.Different binders modify the textural properties, modifying consequently the sorbent reactivity. Furthermore, the reactivity and sulfur capacity of sorbents are increasing with an increase in the pore volume.

scholarly journals UV-Catalyzed Persulfate Oxidation of an Anthraquinone Based Dye

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Krawczyk ◽  
Stanisław Wacławek ◽  
Edyta Kudlek ◽  
Daniele Silvestri ◽  
Tomasz Kukulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Quantum Chemical Analysis ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Anthraquinone Dye ◽  
Persulfate Oxidation

Wastewater from the textile industry has a substantial impact on water quality. Synthetic dyes used in the textile production process are often discharged into water bodies as residues. Highly colored wastewater causes various of problems for the aquatic environment such as: reducing light penetration, inhibiting photosynthesis and being toxic to certain organisms. Since most dyes are resistant to biodegradation and are not completely removed by conventional methods (adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, activated sludge, membrane filtration) they persist in the environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been proven to decolorize only some of the dyes from wastewater by photocatalysis. In this article, we compared two very different photocatalytic systems (UV/peroxydisulfate and UV/H2O2). Photocatalyzed activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) generated sulfate radicals (SO4•−), which reacted with the selected anthraquinone dye of concern, Acid Blue 129 (AB129). Various conditions, such as pH and concentration of PDS were applied, in order to obtain an effective decolorization effect, which was significantly better than in the case of hydroxyl radicals. The kinetics of the reaction followed a pseudo-first order model. The main reaction pathway was also proposed based on quantum chemical analysis. Moreover, the toxicity of the solution after treatment was evaluated using Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, and was found to be significantly lower compared to the toxicity of the initial dye.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Cr(VI) in Soil Using a Montmorillonite-Supported Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Iron Sulfide Composite: Effectiveness and Biotoxicity Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6087
Author(s):  
Dading Zhang ◽  
Yanqiu Xu ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Zhenhai Liu ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Co Precipitation

A novel composite of montmorillonite-supported carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (CMC@MMT-FeS), prepared using the co-precipitation method, was applied to remediate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-contaminated soil. Cr(VI)-removal capacity increased with increasing FeS-particle loading. We tested the efficacy of CMC@MMT-FeS at three concentrations of FeS: 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mmol/g, hereafter referred to as 0.2 CMC@MMT-FeS, 0.5 CMC@MMT-FeS, and 1.0 CMC@MMT-FeS, respectively. The soil Cr(VI) concentration decreased by 90.7% (from an initial concentration of 424.6 to 39.4 mg/kg) after 30 days, following addition of 5% (composite–soil mass proportion) 1.0 CMC@MMT-FeS. When 2% 0.5 CMC@MMT-FeS was added to Cr(VI)-contaminated soil, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency, as measured in the leaching solution using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, was 90.3%, meeting the environmental protection standard for hazardous waste (5 mg/kg). The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) test confirmed that the main Cr fractions in the soil samples changed from acid-exchangeable fractions to oxidable fractions and residual fractions after 30 days of soil remediation by the composite. Moreover, the main complex formed during remediation was Fe(III)–Cr(III), based on BCR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Biotoxicity of the remediated soils, using Vicia faba and Eisenia foetida, was analyzed and evaluated. Our results indicate that CMC@MMT-FeS effectively immobilizes Cr(VI), with widespread potential application in Cr(VI)-contaminated soil remediation.

Spatially Resolved Defect Analysis in Cz-Silicon after Copper-Nickel Co-Precipitation by Virtue of Light-Beam-Induced Current Measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 156-158 ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
P. Saring ◽  
C. Rudolf ◽  
L. Stolze ◽  
A. Falkenberg ◽  
Michael Seibt
Keyword(s):  
Light Beam ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Wafer Direct Bonding

We report on a light-beam-induced current (LBIC)-analysis of metal silicide defects arising from co-precipitation of copper and nickel in Cz-silicon-bicrystals produced by wafer direct bonding. Large colonies of silicide precipitates in the one wafer emerging from undisturbed growth from few nucleation sites were observed in different orientations with respect to the surface which correspond to Si {110} planes. From this, the colonies formed during copper-nickel co-precipitation reveal the same attributes as those colonies typical for copper precipitation in the absence of nickel. Oxygen related defects associated with a higher defect distribution in the other wafer were characterized by means of high resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and their temperature dependent LBIC signal.

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