scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine: A Way Out of Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Sachdeva ◽  
Arup Saha
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Dosage Schedule ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Direction

COVID-19 pandemic has taken toll on the entire globe at physical, emotional and administrative level; straining each and every aspect to its fullest. As on April 19/2021, COVID-19 has infected more than 140 million people around world with around 3 million deaths worldwide. Covid-19 vaccine has emerged as an important direction to walk the world out of this crisis. This chapter covers the basic aspects and principles of vaccination and Immunology and its application in COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter further covers the different type of vaccines being developed, their dosage schedule and route of administration, common adverse events and myths related to them.

scholarly journals Vaccination during a pandemic - a public health challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-619
Author(s):  
Faruqueuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Pass Through

Since the emergence of COVID 19 virus, scientists all over the world are working at breakneck speed to develop a vaccine. Development of a vaccine is not a competitive race to the finish as it must pass through a stringent process of evaluation. The process includes vaccines’ immunogenicity, duration of immunity, efficacy of protection, interaction with other antigens, dosage, route of administration, packaging, and thermostability and expected adverse events and safety. Efficacy of a new vaccine is measured in clinical trials under ideal conditions, whereas its effectiveness is measured in the field under actual program conditions. (1) In normal circumstances, vaccine development is a prolonged process, averaging over 10 years from start to finish (2). To meet the urgent, need a COVID 19 vaccine may be available in a much shorter-term frame, at the earliest in 18 months.

scholarly journals POS0815 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, IMAGING PHENOTYPE, AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF TAKAYASU ARTERITIS PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 661.1-661
Author(s):  
Y. Sun ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
C. Rongyi ◽  
L. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Takayasu Arteritis ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The World ◽  
Cluster 2

Background:Hypertension occurred in 30-80% of TAK patients around the world. The occurrence of hypertension might severely worsen TAK prognosis. Nevertheless, data describing the specific imaging features in hypertensive TAK patients and the associations between hypertensive severity, blood pressure control status and long-term outcome were still lacking.Objectives:To investigate the characteristics and associations of hypertensive characteristics with adverse events-free survival in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) patients with hypertension.Methods:This research was based on a prospectively on-going observational cohort-East China Takayasu Arteritis (ECTA) cohort. In all, 618 TAK patients, who registered in the ECTA cohort up to December 2019, were enrolled. The main outcome was the adverse-events-free survival among hypertensive TAK patients during the follow-up ended on August 2020.Results:Totally, 204 (33.0%) patients suffered from hypertension, with 48 (23.5%), 62 (30.4%), and 94 (46.1%) mild, moderate, and severe hypertension, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated three imaging phenotypes for hypertensive TAK patients: Cluster 1: involvement of the abdominal aorta and/or renal artery (n=56, 27.5%); Cluster 2: involvement of the ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, and the aortic arch and its branches (n=38, 18.6%); Cluster 3: combined involvement of Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 (n=111, 54.4%). By the end of the follow-up, the blood pressure control rate was 50.8%, while the adverse-events-free survival was 67.9% in the entire hypertensive population. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that well-controlled blood pressure (HR=2.13, 95%CI 1.32–3.78, p=0.047), co-existence of severe aortic valve regurgitation (HR=0.87, 95%CI 0.64–0.95, p=0.043), Cluster 1 (HR=0.69, 95%CI 0.48–0.92, p=0.017) and Cluster 3 (HR=0.72, 95%CI 0.43–0.94, p=0.048) imaging phenotype was associated with the adverse-events-free survival.Conclusion:Patients with controlled hypertension showed better adverse-events-free survival, while those with the Cluster 1 imaging phenotype were more likely to suffer from worse adverse-events-free survival. Hypertension occurred in 30-80% of TAK patients around the world. The occurrence of hypertension might severely worsen TAK prognosis.References:[1]Johnston SL, Lock RJ, Gompels MM. Takayasu arteritis: a review. J Clin Pathol 2002; 55:481–6.[2]Watanabe Y, Miyata T, Tanemoto K. Current clinical features of new patients with Takayasu arteritis observed from a cross-country research in Japan: age and sex specificity. Circulation 2015; 132:1701–9.[3]Yilmaz N, Can M, Oner FA, et al. Impaired quality of life, disability and mental health in Takayasu’s arteritis. Rheumatol. (Oxford) 2013; 52:1898–904.[4]Laurent A, Julien H, Nicolas L, et al. Takayasu arteritis in France: a single-center retrospective study of 82 cases comparing white, North African, and black patients. Medicine 2010; 89:1–17.[5]Mwipatayi BP, Jeffery PC, Beningfield SJ, et al. Takayasu arteritis: clinical features and management: report of 272 cases. ANZ J Surg 2005; 75:110–7.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Recombinant Human Adenovirus-p53 Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Jagadish Hosmani ◽  
Shazia Mushtaq ◽  
Shahabe Saquib Abullais ◽  
Hussain Mohammed Almubarak ◽  
Khalil Assiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The World

Background and Objectives: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus p-53 (rAD-p53) therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used for the search. Inclusion criteria included original research, randomized clinical trials and articles only in English language. Exclusion criteria were any articles that were not research articles, not randomized trials, non-human studies, etc. The articles were further graded on the Jadad scale. Results: 578 articles were assessed from various databases; only 3 articles were found to be appropriate for this review. Thus, meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity and lack of data. In the three studies, whether rAD-p53 was used as a standalone therapy or with other therapies, there was a beneficial effect of the therapy. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events and the only adverse events reported were fever, pain at the local injection site, flu-like symptoms and lowered WBC count. Conclusions: Thus, we can conclude that this therapy has a potential for beneficial therapeutic effects and further clinical trials with more patients need to be performed to get better understanding of the effect of rAD-p53 therapy, which probably will pave the way to its approval in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Papulopustular rash following Moderna COVID-19 (mRNA-1273) vaccine: A case report

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David Pudukadan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Systemic Steroids ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Short Course ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected countries around the world. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines has proved the most effective arsenal in the fight against the disease. However, with the vaccination of billions of people, data on vaccine-induced adverse reactions are also emerging. We report a 32-year-old woman who manifested papulopustular rash 7 days after receiving Moderna COVID-19 (mRNA-1273) vaccine. The patient responded to a short course of systemic steroids and antihistamines. Awareness regarding the possible adverse events that can be anticipated after the COVID-19 vaccination may help the healthcare professionals to offer prompt and effective care to the affected.

scholarly journals Uzbekistan is Pearl of the East

2018 ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
Alisher Abdualiev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The World ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Tea Ceremony

The author describes the rapidly developing tourism industry in Uzbekistan. The country purports to become one of the most frequented tourist attractions in the world, as attested to by its many achievements. Since 1993, the country has been a member of the UN World Tourism Organization. The author dwells on the results of tremendous work on the overhaul of the tourist industry, transport and hotel infrastructure. The country has also seen the development and perfection of the appropriate legal framework and new national terminology standards. The author points out that the establishment of programmes for the development of tourism opportunities in various regions of Uzbekistan is ongoing, whereby nearly 450 projects are planned. The regions work upon development of agri- and ecotourism. The measures on simplification and bringing to the world standards the visa process and registration of foreign citizens became highly important for Uzbekistan. The author concludes that such measures have resulted in an increase of number of tourists by 32,7 percent, as compared with the previous year. The export of tourist services has increased by 18,3 percent. According to the author, the main attractions of Uzbekistan for foreign tourists are peace, stability, the atmosphere of mutual respect and welfare; the resources available allow developing all kinds of tourism. Nowadays, Uzbekistan can boast about business, recreation, historical and architectural, folklore and ethnographical, religious and other kinds of tourism. The author emphasizes ecotourism is an important direction. Uzbekistan is a nice place for randonneurs, fans of bicycle touring, etc. The author pays attention to relations between Uzbekistan and Ukraine. It is said that the two states are in search of new forms of cooperation, with Ukraine being a tourist partner of Uzbekistan. The author also describes the cognitive aspect of the aforementioned tourism, namely about peculiarities of Uzbek families. Respect for elder people, tea ceremony as an element of hospitality, rules of etiquette while staying in an Uzbek house, and interesting traditions all serve to multiply the desire to visit the sunny Uzbekistan. Keywords: the Republic of Uzbekistan, tourist sphere, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), UNESCO World Heritage, Uzbekistan-Ukraine relations.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in postmarketing practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
N. V. Khachanova
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Benefit ◽  
Dosing Schedule ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

Clinical trials confirm alemtuzumab efficacy for multiple sclerosis treatment in terms of both conventional measures and combined criteria such as NEDA (no evidence of disease activity). However, established drug efficacy and convenient dosing schedule are balanced by the risk of serious adverse events. Therefore, it is necessary to inform physicians about the benefits of alemtuzumab therapy along with the pattern of its safety profile.The present review provides the analysis of alemtuzumab real-world studies in Europe, USA and other parts of the world. The information obtained can help physicians to prescribe and administer the drug properly and to perform effective safety monitoring for early detection of adverse events and saving the maximum treatment benefit for the patient.

Priorities of the Monetary Policy of Russia in 2019–2021

Auditor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Е. Смирнов ◽  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
World Market ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
The World

Th e monetary policy of Russia for the three years of 2019–2021 provides for the maintenance of price stability, i.e. consistently low infl ation with any adverse events on the world market, including anti-Russian sanctions.

Efficacy and safety of cladribine: Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration in hairy cell leukemia.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7013-7013
Author(s):  
Tarek Yakout Mohamed ◽  
Mosaad El Gammal ◽  
Alfred Elias Namour ◽  
Raafat Ragaie Abdel Malek ◽  
Ola Khorshid
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hairy Cell Leukemia ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

7013 Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Its treatment has evolved from splenectomy with time to failure (TTF) of 19 months to Cladribine that increased complete remission (CR) rate to 90%, with only small percentage of patients relapsing at 30 months. Cladribine (CDA) is originally administered intravenously as continuous infusion for 7 days; Subsequently, it was administered subcutaneously. This study aims at comparing efficacy and toxicity of Subcutaneous (SC) versus Intravenous (IV) administration of CDA in treatment of HCL. Methods: This retrospective study included HCL patients presented to National Cancer Institute and Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt, during period 2004-2010. Included patients received CDA as 1st or 2nd line with minimum follow up of 12 months. All files were reviewed for baseline clinical & laboratory parameters, route of administration, response, adverse events and survival. Results: This study included 49 eligible patients, 41 patients received CDA as 1st line treatment, while 8 patients as 2nd line. Eighteen patients were treated by continuous IV infusion whereas 31 patients by SC injections. Both groups were comparable regarding baseline clinical and laboratory parameters with no statistically significant difference. At median follow up period of 33.5 months, complete remission rate was 94% in IV group versus 97% in SC group (p=0.691); median TTF for IV group was 52.9 months while that for SC group was not reached (p=0.035). The median time to achieve CR in both arms was similar. By analyzing different factors affecting TTF using multivariate analysis, route of administration proved to be the only statistically significant factor (P=0.006). Regarding adverse events, there was no difference between both groups in hematological toxicities. IV route was associated with a significant higher incidence of mucositis (p=0.02) and viral infections (p=0.01). Hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity were higher in SC group but difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: SC administration of cladribine is an alternative route to IV in treatment of HCL with similar response rate, longer time to treatment failure and better tolerability.

Medical translation: the neglected human right

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Bradley Dalton-Oates
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
International Law ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Translation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Regional Governments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight that the lack of a specific right to a medical translator under International Law can be considered an outlier when viewed within the context of the copious legislation regarding translation in general. Given the lack of specific legislation guaranteeing the right to a medical translator under International Law, the paper further aims to highlight the resulting effects on medical providers and patients. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a detailed historical legal analysis regarding the history of translation under International Law in general, as well as specific international, intranational, and regional legislation regarding the right to a translator in medical settings. The data were complemented by a thorough review of documentary analysis of existing scholarship, detailing the experiences of medical providers and patients. Findings The paper provides insights as to how international legislators have traditionally viewed medical translation: whether as a matter of international relations, access to care, discrimination, or as a fundamental part of the Right to Health. The paper finds that differing views on the subject have result in nations, regions, and medical providers having great discretion in deciding which patients are provided with a translator. The paper finds that such decisions are often made on a basis other than that of patient health. Research limitations/implications Because the provisioning of translators in medical settings currently inevitably falls to a nation or single institution, research into which patients receive a translator and why lacks generalizability (because empirical data are not available for every region of the world). Researchers in future are encouraged to further develop the empirical evidence found in their regions with a more quantitative approach, documenting the non-provisioning of translators in their areas and categorizing the motives behind the decisions of medical providers in a given area. Practical implications The paper includes implications for patients who have suffered adverse events after miscommunication (or lack of communication) with their medical providers. The paper aims to investigate in what venue may they seek legal remedy, and on what grounds. The paper also has implications for national and regional governments. Given the lack of binding International Law regarding medical translation, national and regional governments attempt to guarantee the provisioning of translators to some patients and not others. Such decisions may become political and have unintended consequences for medical providers and patients alike. Social implications The paper includes implications for international legislators and national legislators. The paper also includes implications for medical providers and patients, as language barriers are becoming a more common feature in medical facilities around the world due to globalization and migration. The rate of patients suffering adverse events after not being provided with a competent medical interpreter is bound to rise. Originality/value This paper fulfills a need to examine medical translation in the context of other types of translation under International Law. This paper fulfills a need to study how the lack of specific International Legislation guaranteeing the right to medical translation has implications for national/regional legislators, medical providers, and patients alike. This paper fulfills a need to discuss the legal remedies available to patients who have suffered adverse medical events after not being able to communicate with their medical provider.

scholarly journals Safety of Moxibustion: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Xu ◽  
Hongyong Deng ◽  
Xueyong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
The World

Moxibustion is a traditional medical treatment originating in China. It involves using the heat of burning moxa to stimulate acupoints. It is considered safe and effective and is widely used throughout the world. The increasing use of moxibustion has drawn attention to the procedure’s adverse events (AEs). This review covers a total of 64 cases of AEs associated with moxibustion in 24 articles, reported in six countries. Some evidence of the risks of moxibustion has been found in these cases. AEs include allergies, burns, infection, coughing, nausea, vomiting, fetal distress, premature birth, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), ectropion, hyperpigmentation, and even death. The position, duration, distance between moxa and skin, proficiency of the practitioners, conditions of the patients, presence of smoke, and even the environment of treatment can affect the safety of moxibustion. Improving practitioner skill and regulating operations may reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and improve the security of moxibustion.

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