scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives for Targeted Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilkamal Pramanik ◽  
Sameer Kumar Jagirdar
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Targeted therapeutics are considered next generation cancer therapy because they overcome many limitations of traditional chemotherapy. Cancerous cells may be targeted by various hyaluronic acid modified nanovehicles that kill these cells. Particularly, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives bind with high affinity to cell surface protein, CD44 enriched tumor cells. Moreover, these molecules have the added advantage of being biocompatible and biodegradable, and may be conjugated with a variety of drugs and drug carriers for developing various formulations as anti-cancer therapies such as nanogels, self-assembled and metallic nanoparticulates. In this chapter, we have covered various aspects of hyaluronic acid-modified delivery systems including strategies for synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility. Next, the use of hyaluronic acid-modified systems as anti-cancer therapies is discussed. Finally, the delivery of small molecules, and other pharmaceutical agents are also elaborated in this chapter.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Research in Stem Cell Bioengineering—Anti-Cancer Therapy, Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine in Human Clinical Trials

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dompe ◽  
Krzysztof Janowicz ◽  
Greg Hutchings ◽  
Lisa Moncrieff ◽  
Maurycy Jankowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Stem Cell Engineering ◽  
Anti Cancer

The epigenome denotes all the information related to gene expression that is not contained in the DNA sequence but rather results from chemical changes to histones and DNA. Epigenetic modifications act in a cooperative way towards the regulation of gene expression, working at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, and play a key role in the determination of phenotypic variations in cells containing the same genotype. Epigenetic modifications are important considerations in relation to anti-cancer therapy and regenerative/reconstructive medicine. Moreover, a range of clinical trials have been performed, exploiting the potential of epigenetics in stem cell engineering towards application in disease treatments and diagnostics. Epigenetic studies will most likely be the basis of future cancer therapies, as epigenetic modifications play major roles in tumour formation, malignancy and metastasis. In fact, a large number of currently designed or tested clinical approaches, based on compounds regulating epigenetic pathways in various types of tumours, employ these mechanisms in stem cell bioengineering.

scholarly journals Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Sawant ◽  
Suyash M. Patil ◽  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.

scholarly journals Targeting ERK-Hippo Interplay in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Vališ ◽  
Petr Novák
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Targeted Inhibition

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. We demonstrate the mechanism of cell death induction shared between MAPK/ERK and Hippo/MST signaling pathways and discuss the potential of combination targeting of these pathways in the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies.

Therapeutic potential of ceragenins and nanosystems containing membrane active compounds in the anti-cancer therapies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Ewelina Piktel ◽  
Robert Bucki
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Cancer Activity

Constantly increasing morbidity and mortality of cancer, complex immunopathogenesis of tumors and variable development and severity of the disease, enforce a constant search for new therapeutic factors with anti-cancer activity. Despite the constant achievements in anti- -cancer diagnostic and therapeutic methods development, the low specificity and high toxicity of cytostatics, and the multidrug resistance expansion, still remain a considerable health problem. Currently, natural, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic lipid analogs from the ceragenin group (CSA) are presented as potential antineoplastic compounds. Their special features, including the membrane permeabilizing-based mechanism of action, selectivity towards tumor cells, biocompatibility and the absence of a recorded anti-AMPs resistance mechanism, make cationic antineoplastic peptides an effective alternative to modern cytostatics. Moreover, a compelling number of research confirm the possibility of using magnetic nanoparticles as highly effective and biocompatible drug carriers, ensuring the achievement of a sufficiently high intracellular concentration of drug and thus, increasing its antineoplastic activity. The results obtained so far indicate the possibility of the employment of natural AMPs and their synthetic analogs from ceragenins group in an effective eradication of cancer cells. Nevertheless, further studies aiming to elucidate the safety of proposed nanosystems and focused on the employment of ceragenin-based nanosystems in diagnostic MRI imaging and as hyperthermia inducers are needed and justified.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-Based Combinatorial Cancer Therapy: Effects of MicroRNAs on the Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Therapies

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ah Seo ◽  
Sokviseth Moeng ◽  
Seokmin Sim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kuh ◽  
Soo Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

The susceptibility of cancer cells to different types of treatments can be restricted by intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance, leading to the failure of cancer regression and remission. To overcome this problem, a combination therapy has been proposed as a fundamental strategy to improve therapeutic responses; however, resistance is still unavoidable. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are associated with cancer therapeutic resistance. The modulation of dysregulated miRNA levels through miRNA-based therapy comprising a replacement or inhibition approach has been proposed to sensitize cancer cells to other anti-cancer therapies. The combination of miRNA-based therapy with other anti-cancer therapies (miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy) is attractive, due to the ability of miRNAs to target multiple genes associated with the signaling pathways controlling therapeutic resistance. In this article, we present an overview of recent findings on the role of therapeutic resistance-related miRNAs in different types of cancer. We review the feasibility of utilizing dysregulated miRNAs in cancer cells and extracellular vesicles as potential candidates for miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy. We also discuss innate properties of miRNAs that need to be considered for more effective combinatorial cancer therapy.

Gold nanospheres and nanorods for anti-cancer therapy: comparative studies of fabrication, surface-decoration, and anti-cancer treatments

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
pp. 14996-15020
Author(s):  
Wei Mao ◽  
Young Ju Son ◽  
Hyuk Sang Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Gold Nanospheres ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Irradiation Therapy ◽  
Surface Decoration

Various gold nanoparticles have been explored as cancer therapeutics because they can be widely engineered for use as efficient drug carriers and diagnostic agents, and in photo-irradiation therapy.

scholarly journals A Promising Biocompatible Platform: Lipid-Based and Bio-Inspired Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kim ◽  
Seung-Hae Kwon ◽  
Jung Choi ◽  
Aeju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Anti Cancer

Designing new drug delivery systems (DDSs) for safer cancer therapy during pre-clinical and clinical applications still constitutes a considerable challenge, despite advances made in related fields. Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) have emerged as biocompatible candidates that overcome many biological obstacles. In particular, a combination of the merits of lipid carriers and functional polymers has maximized drug delivery efficiency. Functionalization of LBDDSs enables the accumulation of anti-cancer drugs at target destinations, which means they are more effective at controlled drug release in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). This review highlights the various types of ligands used to achieve tumor-specific delivery and discusses the strategies used to achieve the effective release of drugs in TMEs and not into healthy tissues. Moreover, innovative recent designs of LBDDSs are also described. These smart systems offer great potential for more advanced cancer therapies that address the challenges posed in this research area.

pH/redox dual-responsive amphiphilic zwitterionic polymers with a precisely controlled structure as anti-cancer drug carriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3190-3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzhong Wu ◽  
Ziying Gan ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Functional Polymer ◽  
Zwitterionic Polymers ◽  
Dual Responsive ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Controlled Structure

Stimuli responsive functional polymer isomers performed variously serving as drug carriers for cancer therapy.

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