scholarly journals Dyslipidaemia in African Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bose Etaniamhe Orimadegun
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

Dyslipidaemia tends to occur in children and adolescents and steadily worsens through to adulthood. The abnormal lipid profile in children with this disease is like what we see in adults with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying children with dyslipidaemia and successfully improving their lipid profile may reduce their risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and premature CVD. In those children with severe dyslipidaemia due to a family history, treatment is used to decrease the risk of cardiogenic events. Screening for lipid disorders in children is based on the rationale that early identification and control of paediatric dyslipidaemia will reduce the risk and severity of cardiovascular complications in adulthood. Though lipid disorders and associated diseases are rare in children in Africa, there has been little research in this field. Emerging research indicates that obesity and cholesterol concerns is on the rise within children and adolescents of African descent. The definition of paediatric dyslipidaemia and the approach to screening, and diagnosis of lipid disorders in children are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease prevalence in type 2 diabetes – an analysis of a large German statutory health insurance database

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gabler ◽  
Silke Geier ◽  
Lukas Mayerhoff ◽  
Wolfgang Rathmann
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Germany. Methods A claims database with an age- and sex-stratified sample of nearly 4 million individuals insured within the German statutory health system was used. All patients aged ≥18 years with T2D documented between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015 and complete retrospective documentation of ≥5 years (continuous enrollment in the German statutory health system) before 2015 were selected based on a validated algorithm. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events were identified based on ICD-10 and OPS codes according to a previous clinical study (EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial). Results The prevalence of T2D in Germany in 2015 was 9.9% (n = 324,708). Using a narrow definition of CVD, the 6-year observation period prevalence of CVD was estimated as 46.7% [95% CI: 46.52%;46.86%]. Applying a wider CVD definition, the proportion of T2D patients who showed a history of CVD was 57.1% [95% CI: 56.9%;57.24%]. The prevalence of CVD in patients with T2D ranged from 36.3 to 57.1%, depending on the observation period and definition of CVD. Conclusions The results underline the need for a population-based registration of cardiovascular complications in T2D.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in Type 2 Diabetes – An Analysis of A Large German Statutory Health Insurance Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gabler ◽  
Silke Geier ◽  
Lukas Mayerhoff ◽  
Wolfgang Rathmann
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Germany. Methods A claims database with an age- and sex-stratified sample of nearly 4 million individuals insured within the German statutory health system was used. All patients aged ≥ 18 years with T2D documented between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015 and complete retrospective documentation of ≥ 5 years (continuous enrollment in the German statutory health system) before 2015 were selected based on a validated algorithm. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events were identified based on ICD-10 and OPS codes according to a previous clinical study (EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial).Results The prevalence of T2D in Germany in 2015 was 9.9% (n=324,708). Using a narrow definition of CVD, the 6-year observation period prevalence of CVD was estimated as 46.7% [95% CI: 46.52%;46.86%]. Applying a wider CVD definition, the proportion of T2D patients who showed a history of CVD was 57.1% [95% CI: 56.9%;57.24%]. The prevalence of CVD in patients with T2D ranged from 36.3% to 57.1%, depending on the observation period and definition of CVD.Conclusions The results underline the need for a population-based registration of cardiovascular complications in T2D.

scholarly journals Association between Fruit Consumption and Lipid Profile among Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Jieyu Liu ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Disorders

To investigate associations between fruit consumption and lipid profiles, and to further explore a satisfactory level of frequency and daily fruit intake for children and adolescents. A national sample of 14,755 children and adolescents aged 5–19 years from seven provinces in China were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected to test the lipid profile. Information regarding fruit consumption and other characteristics was collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounding covariates were applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Participants who consumed fruits for 6–7 days per week had lower risks of high triglycerides (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58–0.75), dyslipidemia (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68–0.86), and hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.81), compared to fruit consumption of 0–2 days per week. Risks of high triglycerides, dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia of those who consumed fruits for 0.75–1.5 servings each day also decreased, compared to the insufficient fruit intake. The combined effects of high frequency and moderate daily intake of fruit on lipid disorders did not change essentially. The associations were more evident in girls, younger children and those whose families had higher educational levels. Moderate fruit consumption was associated with lower odds of lipid disorders, predominantly in girls, younger participants, and those came from higher-educated families. These findings supported the health effect of moderate fruit intake frequently to improve the childhood lipid profiles.

Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

Because blood pressure is a continuously distributed trait in the population and the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with the level of pressure increases progressively as it exceeds 115 mm Hg systolic or 75 mm Hg diastolic, the definition of hypertension is somewhat arbitrary. Currently for adults, it is defined as systolic pressure 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure 90 mm Hg or higher. Systolic pressures between 120 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic pressures between 80 and 89 mm Hg are classified as prehypertension. Persons who have prehypertension are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease and progression to hypertension over time compared with persons who have normal pressure. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension are also reviewed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cabergoline on Vascular Indices in Overweight and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Miza Hiryanti Zakaria ◽  
Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar ◽  
Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool ◽  
Zulkefli Sanip ◽  
Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity often coexist and are associated with increased cardiovascular complications. Objective: This study aims to determine the effects of cabergoline, a dopamine agonist on fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese T2D patients. Methods: Fifty-eight T2D patients were randomized to cabergoline 0.5 mg biweekly or control groups for 12 weeks. BP and arterial stiffness were recorded at baseline before starting study medication and repeated after 12 weeks. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central augmentation index (AIx) were used to assess arterial stiffness. Other parameters measured were anthropometric measurements, FBG, HbA1c and lipid profile. Changes in these parameters after 12 weeks compared to baseline were calculated for each group, and compared between the two groups. Results: Twenty-eight and twenty-six patients from cabergoline and control groups completed the treatment respectively. After 12 weeks, weight and diastolic BP were increased for both groups while body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were increased in cabergoline group. PWV and AIx were not significantly different either within or between group comparisons. There were no significant differences in mean changes in all parameters between the two groups. Conclusion: Weight and diastolic BP were elevated in both groups while BMI and WC were increased in cabergoline group. Compared to control, cabergoline treatment at 0.5 mg biweekly in overweight and obese T2D patients for 12 weeks did not improve BP and arterial stiffness.

Cardiac Functions & Lipid Profile In Obese Children & Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
T. Ajit Kumar ◽  
Dr. Vineeta Pande ◽  
Dr. Sharad Agarkhedkar ◽  
Dr. Mayank Surana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
The Difference

Background: Obesity is a disease which results from genetic or lifestyle factors. Such diseases are called Non communicable diseases. The epidemic of obesity among youth is spreading at an alarming rate due to lack of physical activity, dietary habits. The percentage of youths who are at risk of becoming overweight continues to increase. National data indicates that 16% of children aged six to nineteen years are overweight.(1)   Considering the high prevalence of  obesity among children and adolescents and its associated cardiovascular complications like hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased left ventricular mass, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, the present study was planned to assess cardiac functions and lipid profile in obese children and adolescents. Early detection and intervention can help in reducing the complications associated with obesity. Objective: Primary objective is to assess cardiac functions and lipid profile in obese children and adolescents. Methodology: 100 obese children and adolescents in the age group 6-18 years were taken after excluding obese children with evidence of endocrine disease, malformation syndromes and iatrogenic obesity (drug treatments). Results: In the present study 7% subjects were hypertensive while 8% were prehypertensive. 71.43% children with hypertension were performing physical activity for < 30 min in 1-3 days/week while 49.11% normotensive children were performing physical activity for > 30 min per day. 3% obese children were having abnormal LVEF on 2DECHO .All the 3 obese children with abnormal LVEF were having physical activity less than 30 min in 1-3 days /week and the difference was statistically significant. All the three children with abnormal LVEF were hypertensive and the difference was statistically significant. 6% children were having raised serum cholesterol >190mg/dl.   Serum triglyceride >150mg/dl was observed in 17% obese children. HDL level <20mg/dl was observed in 7% children while LDL above 130mg/dl was observed in 6% children. The proportion among male and female children was comparable. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications of adulthood in obese children and adolescents may be prevented by early identification and intervention in the form of healthy life style, dietary intake and physical activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of oxidative stress factors and lipid profile in patients suffered from stroke heart disease with coronary artery obstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e29-e29
Author(s):  
Karim Nematpour Beyraq ◽  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease accounts for the highest number of deaths in most industrialized countries and it is increasing in developing countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the deadliest cardiovascular disease. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species can cause membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired regulation of vascular and cardiac cells. Objectives: The present study is an analytical case-control study that tried to estimate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-c, in CHD patients. Patients and Methods: Seventy-four subjects (male) older than 30 years old who referred to the hospital for angiography after coronary angiography were divided into case and control groups. Subsequently, 10 cc of blood was taken from the subjects. Catalase and SOD activities in erythrocytes were measured by calorimetry and enzymatic inhibition, respectively. Total HDL-c, LDL-c, TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kit. Results: Regarding the P values, the variables of TG, HDL cholesterol, SOD, MDA, TG/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c are effective. Comparison the mean of MDA in two groups of treatment and control showed a significant difference between mean of MDA between two groups. Significant differences were also observed for TG values for the two groups of control (94.03 ± 31.06 mg/dL) and treatment (80.78±160.01 mg/dL). Conclusion: Antioxidant status of patients with CAD was lower than normal subjects. In addition, disturbance in lipid profile parameters confirmed in CAD patients; while TG increased in those patients.

scholarly journals Status of Serum Lipids in Individuals with Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Sharma ◽  
Lilee Shrestha ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Bharat Jha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUNDEpidemiological studies have shown the association between depressive illness with cardiovascular disease (CVD).  Serum lipid abnormality is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to access the status of Serum lipid in individuals with depression.METHODSA cross sectional study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) over the period of 16 month from June 2011 to October 2012. A total of 85 individuals with depression and the same number of age-sex matched controls were enrolled in the study.  Depression was diagnosed by Consultant Psychiatrist as per ICD-10-DCR criteria. Serum Lipid profile was assessed from both test and control groups after an overnight fasting. A written consent was taken for anthropometric data and sample collection.RESULTSLarge numbers of depressive individuals were found to have Dyslipidemia. Total Cholesterol, TG was found to be significantly higher in test group compared to control.  The mean HDL-cholesterol was found significantly lower in test group compared to control. No significant differences between test and control were observed in VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.CONCLUSIONSSerum lipid profile abnormalities are found high in individuals with depression. Based on the observation of this study, Serum Lipid abnormalities seen in individuals with Depression make them vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Lipoproteins Assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Predictor of Premature Cardiovascular Disease. PRESARV-SEA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Bárbara Fernández-Cidón ◽  
Beatriz Candás-Estébanez ◽  
Miriam Gil-Serret ◽  
Núria Amigó ◽  
Emili Corbella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Some lipoprotein disorders related to the residual risk of premature cardiovascular disease (PCVD) are not detected by the conventional lipid profile. In this case-control study, the predictive power of PCVD of serum sdLDL-C, measured using a lipoprotein precipitation method, and of the physicochemical properties of serum lipoproteins, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, were evaluated. We studied a group of patients with a first PCVD event (n = 125) and a group of control subjects (n = 190). Conventional lipid profile, the size and number of Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) particles, and the number of particles of their subclasses (large, medium, and small) were measured. Compared to controls, PCVD patients had lower concentrations of all LDL particles, and smaller and larger diameter of LDL and HDL particles, respectively. PCVD patients also showed higher concentrations of small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL), and triglycerides (Tg) in LDL and HDL particles (HDL-Tg), and higher concentrations of large VLDL particles. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sdLDL-C, HDL-Tg, and large concentrations of LDL particles were the most powerful predictors of PCVD. A strong relationship was observed between increased HDL-Tg concentrations and PCVD. This study demonstrates that beyond the conventional lipid profile, PCVD patients have other atherogenic lipoprotein alterations that are detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis.

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