scholarly journals Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Brock ◽  
Kaukab Rajput ◽  
Lindsey Edwards ◽  
Annelot Meijer ◽  
Philippa Simpkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Many

Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapy medicine used in the treatment of many childhood cancers. Like all medications, cisplatin has many side effects and as always the treatment of cancer in children is a balance between the risks of the medications used and their potential benefits. While many side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy are reversible, one major side effect is permanent and irreversible hearing loss (ototoxicity) in both ears which may worsen with time. The severity of cisplatin-related ototoxicity is associated with age and the cumulative dose received: the younger the child and the higher the total dose, the more severe the hearing loss may be. The spectrum of hearing loss varies from mild to moderate high tone hearing loss, to profound loss across the hearing range and permanent deafness. In addition to hearing loss, some children, especially adolescents, also experience tinnitus and vertigo. Cisplatin ototoxicity is one of most important of the many long-term effects experienced by children who are cured of their cancer. The burden of this toxicity may be compounded by other long-term health issues that emerge with time. This chapter will focus on cisplatin-induced hearing loss, its mechanisms, its health impact on the young person and ways to mitigate or reduce the severity of ototoxicity. This chapter has been written by a multi-disciplinary team including paediatric oncologists, audiologists, a psychologist, a health scientist and a parent of a child growing up with high frequency hearing loss.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles in Construction Materials and Other Applications, and Implications of Nanoparticle Use

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohajerani ◽  
Burnett ◽  
Smith ◽  
Kurmus ◽  
Milas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Nanoparticles are defined as ultrafine particles sized between 1 and 100 nanometres in diameter. In recent decades, there has been wide scientific research on the various uses of nanoparticles in construction, electronics, manufacturing, cosmetics, and medicine. The advantages of using nanoparticles in construction are immense, promising extraordinary physical and chemical properties for modified construction materials. Among the many different types of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, silica, copper, clay, and aluminium oxide are the most widely used nanoparticles in the construction sector. The promise of nanoparticles as observed in construction is reflected in other adoptive industries, driving the growth in demand and production quantity at an exorbitant rate. The objective of this study was to analyse the use of nanoparticles within the construction industry to exemplify the benefits of nanoparticle applications and to address the short-term and long-term effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health within the microcosm of industry so that the findings may be generalised. The benefits of nanoparticle utilisation are demonstrated through specific applications in common materials, particularly in normal concrete, asphalt concrete, bricks, timber, and steel. In addition, the paper addresses the potential benefits and safety barriers for using nanomaterials, with consideration given to key areas of knowledge associated with exposure to nanoparticles that may have implications for health and environmental safety. The field of nanotechnology is considered rather young compared to established industries, thus limiting the time for research and risk analysis. Nevertheless, it is pertinent that research and regulation precede the widespread adoption of potentially harmful particles to mitigate undue risk.

scholarly journals Acceptance and Intake of COVID-19 Vaccines among Older Germans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Marta Malesza ◽  
Erich Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Negative Side Effects

The main aim of this study was to investigate the various factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and actual intake among older Germans aged over 75 years old (n = 1037). We found that the intention to get vaccinated or intake of the COVID-19 vaccine were positively related to the perceptions of becoming infected, perceptions of the severity of the potential long-term effects, the vaccine’s efficacy, and the benefits of vaccination. Meanwhile, the intention to get the vaccine or vaccine intake were decreased by perceptions of the negative side-effects and the general impediments to vaccination.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF OTITIS MEDIA A TEN-YEAR COHORT STUDY OF ALASKAN ESKIMO CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Kaplan ◽  
J. Kenneth Fleshman ◽  
Thomas R. Bender ◽  
Carol Baum ◽  
Paul S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conductive Component ◽  
Verbal Development

Histories of ear disease, otoscopic examinations, and audiologic, intelligence, and achievement tests were obtained from a cohort of 489 Alaskan Eskimo children who have been followed through the first ten years of life. Seventy-six per cent had experienced one or more episodes of otitis media since birth. Of these, 78% had their first attack during their first two years of life. Perforations and scars were present in 41%. A hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater was present in 16%, and an additional 25% were in the normal range but had a measurable air-bone gap. Children with a history of otitis media prior to 2 years of age and a hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater had a statistically significant loss of verbal ability and were behind in total reading, total math, and language. In addition, children who had an early onset of otitis media but now had normal hearing with a conductive component were also adversely affected in verbal areas. The number of otitis media episodes was related to tympanic membrane abnormalities, hearing loss, and low verbal and achievement scores. These findings indicate that otitis media has been a significant cause of morbidity in Alaskan Eskimo children, and its onset during the critical years of language development as well as the number of episodes play an important role in impairing verbal development.

VACCINE HESITANCY TO VACCINE DESPERATION! EXPERIENCES FROM 2 VACCINATION CENTERS IN MUMBAI.

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Reena J. Wani ◽  
Sanjay Panchal ◽  
Kinjal Chauhan ◽  
Varun J. Wani ◽  
Priya H. Manihar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Available Resources

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on March 2020 till date, measures like hand hygiene, social distancing and testing have worked only partially to contain the cases and deaths. Cooper and Nair Hospitals were amongst the nodal centres identied in January 2021 to launch the Nationwide Vaccination drive in Mumbai. Aim: To highlight the pattern of vaccination roll-out, procedures in various phases and discuss concerns, challenges and effect on our workforce and workplan. Methodology: We reviewed the patterns, uptake of vaccine, procedures and problems faced by our vaccination centres from January 15 till April 30 (4 months). We also looked into adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reported. th th Results: Over 68,000 vaccine doses have been administrated in Cooper alone by April end, and issues were analysed in detail with special reference to logistics & challenges. AEFI were very few. We found that initially anxiety about side effects, concerns about choice of vaccine and long-term effects were the major impediments to vaccination. Later on, the demand exceeded the supply. Conclusion: Although vaccination is not the nal answer, it is an important tool to improve our response to the pandemic. Reviewing, restructuring available resources is essential in pandemic situations. Proper planning, counselling and choice in the way forward in this crisis.

Three new species of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from Central Brazilian shallow caves: side effects of long term application of environmental law on conservation

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4500 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS ZEPPELINI ◽  
RONIERE A. BRITO ◽  
ESTEVAM C. A. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Law ◽  
Three New Species

Three new species of Collembola are described from small shallow caves in Southeastern Brazil: Arrhopalites glabrofasciatus sp. nov., Pseudosinella ambigua sp. nov. and Pseudosinella guanhaensis sp. nov. The species were found in surveys performed as part of the process to accomplish the permits for high impact enterprising. The change in the legislation is discussed and a suggestion is made to improve the process. The long term effects of the law resulted in the discovery of many new species and genera, most of them being (or to be) described. 

Who We Are: The Foundational Forces

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

This chapter examines the foundational forces that shape health. Even without a pandemic, the United States is faced with public health threats that are shaped by foundational forces. From the political and economic roots of the obesity epidemic, to the social stigma that informs the opioid crisis, to the many structural drivers of climate change, the social, economic, political, and demographic foundations of health are central to the challenges that must be addressed, nationally and globally, in the years to come. Engaging with these forces helped inform the response to COVID-19; they can help in addressing these other challenges as well. And just as a virus can have long-term effects on the body, the pandemic reshaped the societal foundations, with lasting implications for the economy, culture, attitudes towards core issues like race, politics, and more. Whether the experience of the pandemic leads to significant long-term benefits will depend on whether Americans retain the hard lessons of that moment and apply them to foundational forces.

Aspects of Long-Term Treatment with Neuroleptics Historical and Literature Review—Personal Experience with Fluspirilene and Penfluridol

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Floru
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Therapy

The literature on neuroleptics with substance-specific long-term effects (fluspirilene, penfluridol) is reviewed in tabular form. This is followed by a report of personal investigations on 76 schizophrenics who were treated with fluspirilene initially within the hospital and later on an out-patient basis, on 86 patients who were treated with it exclusively at the out-patients' department, as well as on 123 schizophrenic psychoses treated with penfluridol in the out-patients' department. The side-effects caused by the two substances are compared. Pre-requisites for effective long-term therapy with a few complications are discussed.

Long-term effects of cancer therapy on dental development: a case report

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Cetiner ◽  
Cansu Alpaslan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Antineoplastic Treatment ◽  
Malignant Condition

As the prognosis of malignant conditions in children improve by cancer therapy, long-term side effects due to antineoplastic treatment may be encountered. This case report demonstrates the long-term alterations on dental development in patient who had been treated for malignant condition. Alterations were observed during radiographic control 8 years after the therapy and included short, blunted, tapered and V-shaped root malformations as well as delayed and ectopic eruptions.

scholarly journals Cochlear Implants as a Treatment Option for Unilateral Hearing Loss, Severe Tinnitus and Hyperacusis

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Ramos Macías ◽  
Juan Carlos Falcón González ◽  
Manuel Manrique ◽  
Constantino Morera ◽  
Luis García-Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Activation Data ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Severe Tinnitus

Tinnitus is an incapacitating condition commonly affecting cochlear implant (CI) candidates. The aim of this clinical study is to assess the long-term effects of CI treatment in patients with severe-to-profound, sensorineural, unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and incapacitating tinnitus. We performed a prospective Cochlear™ company-sponsored multicentre study in five Spanish centres. Sixteen patients with UHL and incapacitating tinnitus, which was indicated by a Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score >58%, received a Nucleus® CI in their deaf ear. The study design includes repeated within-subject measures on hearing, tinnitus, hyperacusis and quality of life up to 12 months after initial CI fitting. In addition to hearing loss and tinnitus, all patients suffered from hyperacusis. Most patients had a sudden hearing loss and received a CI within 2 years after their hearing loss. Preliminary 6-month, post-CI activation data of 13 subjects showed that the majority of patients perceived a subjective benefit from CI treatment, which was assessed using the THI, a Visual Analogue Scale of tinnitus loudness/annoyance and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale. Preliminary 12-month data of 7 subjects showed that most patients also perceived a degree of relief from their hyperacusis. One patient showed no improvements in any of the applied scales, which could be explained by partial insertion of the electrode due to obstruction of the cochlea by otosclerosis. In conclusion, CI can successfully be used in the treatment of UHL patients with accompanying severe tinnitus and hyperacusis. Implantation resulted in hearing benefits and a durable relief from tinnitus and hyperacusis in the majority of patients. These findings support the hypothesis that pathophysiological mechanisms after peripheral sensorineural hearing loss are at least partly reversible when hearing is restored with a CI.

scholarly journals Acute and Long-Term Effects of Noise Exposure on the Neuronal Spontaneous Activity in Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus Brain Slices

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Gröschel ◽  
Jana Ryll ◽  
Romy Götze ◽  
Arne Ernst ◽  
Dietmar Basta
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Noise Trauma

Noise exposure leads to an immediate hearing loss and is followed by a long-lasting permanent threshold shift, accompanied by changes of cellular properties within the central auditory pathway. Electrophysiological recordings have demonstrated an upregulation of spontaneous neuronal activity. It is still discussed if the observed effects are related to changes of peripheral input or evoked within the central auditory system. The present study should describe the intrinsic temporal patterns of single-unit activity upon noise-induced hearing loss of the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus (DCN and VCN) and the inferior colliculus (IC) in adult mouse brain slices. Recordings showed a slight, but significant, elevation in spontaneous firing rates in DCN and VCN immediately after noise trauma, whereas no differences were found in IC. One week postexposure, neuronal responses remained unchanged compared to controls. At 14 days after noise trauma, intrinsic long-term hyperactivity in brain slices of the DCN and the IC was detected for the first time. Therefore, increase in spontaneous activity seems to develop within the period of two weeks, but not before day 7. The results give insight into the complex temporal neurophysiological alterations after noise trauma, leading to a better understanding of central mechanisms in noise-induced hearing loss.

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