scholarly journals Thiols: Role in Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulsamed Kükürt ◽  
Volkan Gelen ◽  
Ömer Faruk Başer ◽  
Haci Ahmet Deveci ◽  
Mahmut Karapehlivan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Living Organisms

The effects of oxidative stress occur as a result of peroxidative damage of the macromolecule and membranes of the cells and with the disruption of metabolic activities in the components of the cells in living organisms. Organ and tissue pathologies are known to occur when oxidative stress is excessive in the body. It is known that thiols are one of the main protective mechanisms of the body against oxidative stress. Thiols have been shown to play important roles in enzymatic reactions, apoptosis, detoxification and antioxidant protection in the body. Many studies have shown changes in thiol status and thiol/disulphide homeostasis in various diseases such as digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system, urinary system, metabolic diseases and cancer. This also shows that the thiol state is very important in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Therefore, it is thought that interventions that can improve thiol status may contribute to the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Flavonoids on diabetic nephropathy: advances and therapeutic opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qichao Hu ◽  
Caiyan Qu ◽  
Xiaolin Xiao ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Yinxiao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractWith the advances in biomedical technologies, natural products have attracted substantial public attention in the area of drug discovery. Flavonoids are a class of active natural products with a wide range of pharmacological effects that are used for the treatment of several diseases, in particular chronic metabolic diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes with a particularly complicated pathological mechanism that affects at least 30% of diabetic patients and represents a great burden on public health. A large number of studies have shown that flavonoids can alleviate diabetic nephropathy. This review systematically summarizes the use of common flavonoids for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. We found that flavonoids play a therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy mainly by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf-2/GSH, ROS production, HO-1, TGF-β1 and AGEs/RAGE are involved in the process of oxidative stress regulation. Quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, hesperidin, genistein, proanthocyanidin and eriodictyol were found to be capable of alleviating oxidative stress related to the aforementioned factors. Regarding inflammatory responses, IL-1, IL-6β, TNF-α, SIRT1, NF-κB, and TGF-β1/smad are thought to be essential. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, genistein, proanthocyanidin and eriodictyol were confirmed to influence the above targets. As a result, flavonoids promote podocyte autophagy and inhibit the overactivity of RAAS by suppressing the upstream oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, ultimately alleviating DN. The above results indicate that flavonoids are promising drugs for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. However, due to deficiencies in the effect of flavonoids on metabolic processes and their lack of structural stability in the body, further research is required to address these issues.

scholarly journals Effects of REDOX in Regulating and Treatment of Metabolic and Inflammatory Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yanhan Dong ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Lili Qian ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Ros Signalling

Reduction oxidation (REDOX) reaction is crucial in life activities, and its dynamic balance is regulated by ROS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with a variety of metabolic diseases involving in multiple cellular signalling in pathologic and physiological signal transduction. ROS are the by-products of numerous enzymatic reactions in various cell compartments, including the cytoplasm, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and peroxisome. ROS signalling is not only involved in normal physiological processes but also causes metabolic dysfunction and maladaptive responses to inflammatory signals, which depends on the cell type or tissue environment. Excess oxidants are able to alter the normal structure and function of DNA, lipids, and proteins, leading to mutations or oxidative damage. Therefore, excessive oxidative stress is usually regarded as the cause of various pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, and kidney diseases. Currently, it has been possible to detect diabetes and other cardiac diseases by detecting derivatives accompanied by oxidative stress in vivo as biomarkers, but there is no effective method to treat these diseases. In consequence, it is essential for us to seek new therapy targeting these diseases through understanding the role of ROS signalling in regulating metabolic activity, inflammatory activation, and cardiac diseases related to metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current literature on REDOX and its role in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and inflammation, focusing on ROS, local REDOX signalling pathways, and other mechanisms.

scholarly journals Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy W. C. Man ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
Ning Xia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.

THE ROLE OF THE GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN MAINTAINING REDOX-HOMEOSTASIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE ORGAN OF VISION

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-391
Author(s):  
V. G. Marmysh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Intracellular Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

Objective. To review and analyze literature data as well as evaluate the role of the glutathione antioxidant system in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision. Material and Methods. Multiple sources of foreign and domestic literature concerning the problem of oxidative stress, antioxidant protection system, glutathione and their role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision were analyzed using main scientific and medical databases. More than 120 sources in the medical literature over the past 15 years were evaluated, 50 of them have been selected for final summary. Results. It was found that oxidative stress, based on free radical oxidation reactions, including LPO processes, plays a leading role in the development of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision. The key link in the eye’s antioxidant protection system is the glutathione system, which includes glutathione itself (GSH) and glutathionedependent enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye are accompanied by reduction of the intracellular glutathione pool and imbalance between its reduced and oxidized forms (GSH / GSSG). Conclusions. Oxidative stress has a high correlation with inflammation and is the most important pathogenetic mechanism in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye. The key role in antioxidant protection and maintenance of redox homeostasis of eye tissues belongs to the glutathione system, which includes GSH itself and glutathione-dependent enzymes (GPO, GR, GST). Inflammatory and degenerative processes in the eye are accompanied by decrease of the intracellular glutathione pool (GSH) and imbalance between its reduced and oxidized forms (GSH / GSSG). A shift in this balance significantly affects normal cell functioning, up to its apoptosis, and triggers multiple pathological conditions within the body, including diseases of the organ of vision.

scholarly journals Free Radical, Oxidative Stress and Its Roles on Inflammatory Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Putu Oky Ari Tania
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Oxygen Stress ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
High Level

Abstract: Chronic inflammation contributes to the occurrence of various metabolic diseases and even cancer. Chronic inflammation results from excessive response of free radicals. Free radicals are triggered by various agents and oxidation processes in the body as Reactive Oxygen Stress (ROS). The high level of free radicals (oxidants), without adequate intake of antioxidants will lead to oxidative stress conditions. Oxidative stress triggers persistent of inflammation. The formation of ROS is difficult to avoid because it can be generated from cellular metabolic processes. Therefore, we should intake adequate of antioxidants and avoid the various agents induces ROS in everyday life. Keywords : ROS, Stress Oxidative, Inflammation

scholarly journals CLINICAL CORRELATION OF PRANAVAHA SROTAS AND ITS VIDDA LAKSHANA WITH MODERN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-772
Author(s):  
Shivanand Ganachari ◽  
Vishwanath Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Infinite Elements ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Ayurveda, the ancient science of life has given a great importance to the concept of srotas as no substance moves or transports into or out of the body without these channels. Acharyas of yore have described the Purusha is made- up of innumerable srotas. The diagnosis and treatment in Ayurveda are built on the fundamental principles like how the srotas are vitiated and what symptoms they exhibit. Innumerable srotas are present in body representing infinite elements transporting in the entire body. Conceptually body has as many srotas as it contains the biochemical entities and all metabolic activities take place in connection with the srotas. Acharya Charaka mentioned there are 13 srotases where as Sushruta explained 11 paired srotases. Pranavaha Srotas is a specific channel in which Pranavayu enters, nourishes and maintains the activities in the body. Hridaya has its role in the Pranvahan karma i.e. conveying Prana all over the body and hence Hridaya is considered its Moolasthana. There are many factors which are the definite indicative of Pranavaha srotas can be correlated with the Respiratory system. All clinical conditions associated with organs of the respiratory system can be considered same as clinical conditions affecting the Pranavaha srotas. Keywords: Pranavaha srotas, Hridaya, Mahasrotas, Viddha lakshana, Pradushta lakshana, Shwasa, Respiratory system, Anoxia.

Effects of Vitamin C and E Against Oxidative Stress: Is Antioxidant Supplementation Efficient?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Amel Saidi Merzouk ◽  
Bouchra Loukidi ◽  
Réda Bettioui ◽  
Hafida Merzouk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Objective: Numerous epidemiological studies show an increased prevalence of metabolic diseases related to oxidation stress causing cell damage. Antioxidant supplementation is therefore useful to protect against the oxidative stress mediated disease development and has become an increasingly popular practice. In this review, a selection of clinical and in vitro studies on vitamin C and E supplementation and the evaluation of their beneficial or negative effects have been analyzed. Results: Clinical studies and supplementation trials show a correlation between antioxidants and metabolic improvement in different diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and E (α-tocopherol) appear to be among the most commonly used antioxidants. However, taking antioxidant supplements in high doses can be harmful. In some studies, little supportive evidence has been provided on substantial protection against chronic diseases by antioxidants. In addition, previous studies have revealed negative effects of antioxidant supplements such as pro-oxidant activities in particular conditions including their dosage and the body oxidant/ antioxidant status. Conclusion: Antioxidant supplements should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Influence of feed additive “Butaselmevit-Plus” on antioxidant status of rats in conditions of oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Martyshuk ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the work was to investigate the effect of the feed supplement “Butaselmevit Plus” on the antioxidant status of the organism in rats under conditions of oxidative stress. The research was carried out on white, sexually-mature, young male rats of the Wistar line, with a body weight of 180–200 g, which was kept on a standard diet of the Institute vivarium of the State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Supplements. The animals were divided into three groups of 20 animals in each: 1st group (K) intact animals; Group 2 (R1) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane; Group 3 (R2) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane and used as a feed additive “Butaselmevit-Plus”. The feed supplement “Butaselmevit-Plus” includes the fruits of thistle spotted, methionine, sodium selenite and vitamins A, E, D3. Significant violation of oxidative-antioxidant balance in animals under oxidative stress conditions, which is characterized, primarily, by activation of processes of radical lipid oxidation with excessive accumulation of both intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation oxidation and inhibition of antioxidant defense system activity, is established. The development of oxidative stress leads to the inhibition of the activity of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of rats. This is evidenced by the low activity of glutathione peroxidase and the low level of reduced glutathione in the blood of experimental rats. The feed supplement “Butaselmeib-Plus” contributed to the activation of the system of antioxidant protection of the body of rats for tetrachloromethane poisoning, as evidenced by the increased activity of glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione. In addition, in the blood of experimental rats, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and formation of free radicals was observed. It was determined that the level of lipids hydroperoxides on the 20th day of the experiment in blood of rats of experimental group R2 decreased by 35.7%, and the level of TBK-active products – by 21.6% relative to the indices of the first experimental group of rats. Thus, the feed supplement “Butaselmevit-Plus” when fed to rats for the development of oxidative stress inhibited lipid peroxidation, as indicated by the low level of lipids hydroperoxides and TBK-active products in their blood. This may be due to the fact that the feed additive includes two strong antioxidants, such as vitamin E and selenium, which in turn enhance the action of each other. It should also be noted that the antioxidant properties of thistle blisters, which, according to the literature, also possess antioxidant properties. It consists of vitamins B, A, E, K, precursors of vitamin D, carotenoids, macroelements – potassium, calcium, magnesium, ferrum and microelements – Cuprum, Zinc, Manganese, Iodine. The combined action of these biologically important elements exhibits high hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, MicroRNA, and Hemoglobin Variations after Administration of Oxygen at Different Pressures and Concentrations: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9755
Author(s):  
Gerardo Bosco ◽  
Matteo Paganini ◽  
Tommaso Antonio Giacon ◽  
Alberto Oppio ◽  
Alessandra Vezzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Neopterin Concentration ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Reduced State

Exercise generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating a redox imbalance towards oxidation when inadequately intense. Normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) breathed while not exercising induces antioxidant enzymes expression, but literature is still poor. Twenty-two athletes were assigned to five groups: controls; 30%, or 50% O2; 100% O2 (HBO) at 1.5 or 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Twenty treatments were administered on non-training days. Biological samples were collected at T0 (baseline), T1 (end of treatments), and T2 (1 month after) to assess ROS, antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation, redox (amino-thiols) and inflammatory (IL-6, 10, TNF-α) status, renal function (i.e., neopterin), miRNA, and hemoglobin. At T1, O2 mixtures and HBO induced an increase of ROS, lipid peroxidation and decreased TAC, counterbalanced at T2. Furthermore, 50% O2 and HBO treatments determined a reduced state in T2. Neopterin concentration increased at T1 breathing 50% O2 and HBO at 2.5 ATA. The results suggest that 50% O2 treatment determined a reduced state in T2; HBO at 1.5 and 2.5 ATA similarly induced protective mechanisms against ROS, despite the latter could expose the body to higher ROS levels and neopterin concentrations. HBO resulted in increased Hb levels and contributed to immunomodulation by regulating interleukin and miRNA expression.

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