scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Sugarcane Industry Residues Aiming at Their Use in Energy Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. de O. Camargo ◽  
Jhuliana Marcela Gallego Ríos ◽  
Graziella C. Antonio ◽  
Juliana T.C. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Energy Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

According to the US Department of Agriculture, sugarcane global production for marketing year (MY) 2020/21 will forecast up 22 million tons in comparison with 2019/2020 MY, reaching 188 million tons (raw value), due to higher production in Brazil, India and Thailand. These countries alternate sugarcane uses for obtaining sugar, ethanol and other products, generating near to 152 million tons of residues. In a circular economy context, the reuse of the sugarcane industry by-products is desired. Nowadays, bagasse and, sometimes, straw are used for energy recovery through combustion, while filter cake and vinasse are commonly used for soil fertilization. However, while bagasse and straw present potential for energy recovery through the thermochemical route, vinasse and filter cake are better applied in anaerobic digestion processes to produce biogas and biofertilizer. These treatments, when correctly employed, can improve the performance of sugarcane industry by diversifying its energy sources and products. For this, the correct design of equipment and processes is essential, which requires the knowledge of physical and chemical properties of sugarcane industry’s by-products. In this context, the chapter goal is to present an updated literature review for these properties, considering their use in energy recovery processes.

scholarly journals Production of sugarcane seedlings pre-sprouted in commercial and alternative substrates with by-products of the sugarcane industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Cristina da Cunha Braga ◽  
Eduardo Da Costa Severiano ◽  
Lidiane De Sousa Santos ◽  
Aurélio Rúbio Neto ◽  
Tatiana Michlovská Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Alternative Substrates ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Bud Chip ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugarcane Industry ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The sugarcane agro-industry is a major producer of organic waste, which could be used as substrates for production of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings aiming at reducing production costs and the sustainability of the sugar and alcohol industry. This study aimed to identify the best position of origin of the bud chip (little portion of stem with one bud) for the production of pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane and the effects of commercial and alternative substrates containing by-products of the sugarcane industry on the production of sugarcane PSS. For this, a 4x2 factorial experiment was performed with four substrates: two commercial (TRIMIX® and BIOPLANT®) and two substrates formulated from sugarcane bagasse and filter cake (SABAFI and SUSBAFI) combined with bud chip from the basal and apical regions. The chemical and physical-hydric properties of the substrates and the development of PSS were evaluated. The substrates evaluated provided contrasting environments for root growth in relation to the physical-hydric and chemical properties. The use of by-products from the sugarcane industry can be added to the formulation of substrates for the production of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings, although the commercial substrate TRIMIX® provides superior performance to the seedlings, regardless of the origin position of the bud chip.

Allophane and imogolite: role in soil biogeochemical processes

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Young Forests ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe literature on the formation, structure and properties of allophane and imogolite is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the seminal contributions by Colin Farmer. Allophane and imogolite occur not only in volcanic-ash soils but also in other environments. The conditions required for the precipitation of allophane and imogolite are discussed. These include pH, availability of Al and Si, rainfall, leaching regime, and reactions with organic matter. Because of their excellent water storage and physical properties, allophanic soils can accumulate large amounts of biomass. In areas of high rainfall, these soils often occur under rain forest, and the soil organic matter derived from the forest biomass is stabilized by allophane and aluminium ions. Thus the turnover of soil organicmatter in allophanicsoils is slower than that in non-allophanicsoils. The organic matter appears to be derived from the microbial by-products of the plant material rather than from the plant material itself. The growth of young forests may be limited by nitrogen supply but growth of older forests tends to be P limited. Phosphorus is recycled through both inorganic and organic pathways, but it is also strongly sorbed by Al compounds including allophane. When crops are grown in allophanic soils, large amounts of labile P are required and, accordingly, these soils have to be managed to counteract the large P sorption capacity of allophane and other Al compounds, and to ensure an adequate supply of labile P. Because of their physical and chemical properties, allophanic soils are excellent filters of heavy metals and pathogens.

Review of Physical and Chemical Properties of Perfluorooctanyl sulphonate (PFOS) with Respect to its Potential Contamination on the Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2183-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
David N Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Perfluorinated Surfactants ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products

Perfluorinated surfactants have emerged as priority environmental contaminants due to their detection in environmental and biological matrices as well as concerns regarding their persistence and toxicity. They have been found in groundwater, particularly at sites used for training firefighters. They do not biodegrade easily in groundwater, and are not retarded during transport. The most common chemical is Perfluorooctanyl Sulphonate (PFOS), which is mainly used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) to extinguish hydrocarbon-fuel fires. It is also used in many herbicide and insecticide formulations, cosmetics, greases and lubricants, paints, polishes, and adhesives. PFOS and related fluoro-organic chemicals have been used since the 1950s. A quantity of fluorosurfactants and related products are still in use all over the world. Intensive studies over the last few years discovered that PFOS and certain by-products were both ubiquitous in the environment and highly persistent. PFOS does not biodegrade in the environment and very limited degradation has been observed in wastewater treatment. The breakthrough curves of a single-well push-pull test indicated that there was no retardation for PFOS as well. It was detected in part-per-billion levels in blood samples obtained from blood banks in the United States, Japan, Europe, and China. There have been more and more reports on the accumulation and effect of PFOS in wild animals’ liver, serum and muscle as well. This suggests that PFOS can bioaccumulate to higher levels of the food chain.

scholarly journals Solid biofuels production from agricultural residues and processing by-products by means of torrefaction treatment: the case of sunflower chain

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Giovanni Riva ◽  
Ester Foppa Pedretti ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Chiara Mengarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Sunflower Stalks ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products

The high heterogeneity of some residual biomasses makes rather difficult their energy use. Their standardisation is going to be a key aspect to get good quality biofuels from those residues. Torrefaction is an interesting process to improve the physical and chemical properties of lignocellulosic biomasses and to achieve standardisation. In the present study torrefaction has been employed on residues and by-products deriving from sunflower production chain, in particular sunflower stalks, husks and oil press cake. The thermal behaviour of these materials has been studied at first by thermogravimetric analysis in order to identify torrefaction temperatures range. Afterwards, different residence time and torrefaction temperatures have been tested in a bench top torrefaction reactor. Analyses of raw and torrefied materials have been carried out to assess the influence of the treatment. As a consequence of torrefaction, the carbon and ash contents increase while the volatilisation range reduces making the material more stable and standardised. Mass yield, energy yield and energy densification reach values of about 60%, 80% and 1.33 for sunflower stalks and 64%, 85% and 1.33 for sunflower oil press cake respectively. As highlighted by the results, torrefaction is more interesting for sunflower stalks than oil cake and husks due to their different original characteristics. Untreated oil press cake and husks, in fact, already show a good high heating value and, for this reason, their torrefaction should be mild to avoid an excessive ash concentration. On the contrary, for sunflower stalks the treatment is more useful and could be more severe.

scholarly journals Recycling of Beet Sugar Byproducts and Wastes Enhances Sugar Beet Productivity and Salt Redistribution in Saline Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Aljabri ◽  
Saif Alharbi ◽  
Fekry M. Ismaeil ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
Salah Fatouh Abou-Elwafa
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Soil salinity adversely affects the growth, yield, and quality parameters of sugar beet, leading to a reduction in root and sugar yields. Improving the physical and chemical properties of salt-affected soils is essential for sustainable cultivation and sugar beet production. A field experiment was conducted at t the Delta Sugar Company Research Farm, El-Hamool, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt to evaluate the response of sugar beet to the application of beet sugar filter cake treated with sulfuric and phosphoric acid-treated, phosphogypsum (PG), desaline, humic acid and molasses under saline soil conditions. The application of treated filter cake enhanced root length, diameter and leaf area. The application of molasses enhanced root length, diameter and leaf area as well. Application of molasses increased sugar content and root yield. The application of either treated filter cake or molasses produced the highest recoverable sugar yield. Linear regression analysis revealed that the root yield, quality index and recoverable sugar yield increased in response to the increased availability of either Ca2+ and K content in the soil which increases in response to the application of soil amendments and molasses. The application of treated beet sugar filter cake and molasses increased the calcium, magnesium and potassium availability in the soil. Treated filter cake is a promising organic soil amendment that enhanced the yield by 29%, and yield-related traits of sugar beet by improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

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