scholarly journals Methane Cycling in Paddy Field: A Global Warming Issue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
Akinori Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Global Warning ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Emission Effect

Paddy fields are major sources of CH4 emission and a vital source of global warming. Thus, it is important to understand the CH4 cycling in paddy field. The CH4 chemistry, mechanisms of production and emission from paddy fields are also significantly important to understand. This paper discusses about the CH4 cycling, how CH4 emission effect on the global warming, and the mechanisms of CH4 exchange between rice paddy field and atmosphere, factors effecting the CH4 production, oxidation, transportation and calculation. Also try to suggest the CH4 mitigation options of paddy fields. The mitigation of CH4 emission can be achieved by water management, selection of rice cultivar and fertilization. Controlled irrigation can also reduce CH4 production compared to flood irrigation. Cultivation of high-yielding and more heat-tolerant rice cultivars will be promising approach to reduce CH4 emissions and slow down the global warning.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Yang ◽  
Zewei Jiang ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Junzeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Biochar Amendment

The role of carbon pool of biochar as a method of long-term C sequestration in global warming mitigation is unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variations of CO2 emissions from water-saving irrigation paddy fields in response to biochar amendment and irrigation patterns. Three biochar treatments under water-saving irrigation and one biochar treatment under flooding irrigation were studied, and the application rates were 0, 20, 40, and 40 t ha−1 and labeled as CI + NB (controlled irrigation and none biochar added), CI + MB (controlled irrigation and medium biochar added), CI + HB (controlled irrigation and high biochar added), and FI + HB (flood irrigation and high biochar added), respectively. Results showed that biochar application at medium rates (20 t ha−1) decreased CO2 emissions by 1.64–8.83% in rice paddy fields under water-saving irrigation, compared with the non-amendment treatment. However, the CO2 emissions from paddy fields increased by 4.39–5.43% in the CI + HB treatment, compared with CI + NB. Furthermore, the mean CO2 emissions from paddy fields under water-saving irrigation decreased by 2.22% compared with flood irrigation under the same amount of biochar application (40 t ha−1). Biochar amendment increased rice yield and water use efficiency by 9.35–36.30% and 15.1–42.5%, respectively, when combined with water-saving irrigation. The CO2 emissions were reduced in the CI + MB treatment, which then increased rice yield. The CO2 emissions from paddy fields were positively correlated with temperature. The highest value of the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) was derived for the CI + MB treatment. The Q10 was higher under water-saving irrigation compared with flooding irrigation.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Goat Production: Enteric Methane Emission and Its Mitigation

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Pragna ◽  
Surinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Veerasamy Sejian ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
The Impact

The ability of an animal to cope and adapt itself to the changing climate virtually depends on the function of rumen and rumen inhabitants such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, virus and archaea. Elevated ambient temperature during the summer months can have a significant influence on the basic physiology of the rumen, thereby affecting the nutritional status of the animals. Rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production decreases under conditions of extreme heat. Growing recent evidence suggests there are genetic variations among breeds of goats in the impact of heat stress on rumen fermentation pattern and VFA production. Most of the effects of heat stress on rumen fermentation and enteric methane (CH4) emission are attributed to differences in the rumen microbial population. Heat stress-induced rumen function impairment is mainly associated with an increase in Streptococcus genus bacteria and with a decrease in the bacteria of Fibrobactor genus. Apart from its major role in global warming and greenhouse effect, enteric CH4 is also considered as a dietary energy loss in goats. These effects warrant mitigating against CH4 production to ensure optimum economic return from goat farming as well as to reduce the impact on global warming as CH4 is one of the more potent greenhouse gases (GHG). The various strategies that can be implemented to mitigate enteric CH4 emission include nutritional interventions, different management strategies and applying advanced biotechnological tools to find solution to reduce CH4 production. Through these advanced technologies, it is possible to identify genetically superior animals with less CH4 production per unit feed intake. These efforts can help the farming community to sustain goat production in the changing climate scenario.

scholarly journals Seasonal trends and environmental controls of methane emissions in a rice paddy field in Northern Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3809-3821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meijide ◽  
G. Manca ◽  
I. Goded ◽  
V. Magliulo ◽  
P. di Tommasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Methane Fluxes ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

Abstract. Rice paddy fields are one of the greatest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4), the third most important greenhouse gas after water vapour and carbon dioxide. In agricultural fields, CH4 is usually measured with the closed chamber technique, resulting in discontinuous series of measurements performed over a limited area, that generally do not provide sufficient information on the short-term variation of the fluxes. On the contrary, aerodynamic techniques have been rarely applied for the measurement of CH4 fluxes in rice paddy fields. The eddy covariance (EC) technique provides integrated continuous measurements over a large area and may increase our understanding of the underlying processes and diurnal and seasonal pattern of CH4 emissions in this ecosystem. For this purpose a Fast Methane Analyzer (Los Gatos Research Ltd.) was installed in a rice paddy field in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). Methane fluxes were measured during the rice growing season with both EC and manually operated closed chambers. Methane fluxes were strongly influenced by the height of the water table, with emissions peaking when it was above 10–12 cm. Soil temperature and the developmental stage of rice plants were also responsible of the seasonal variation on the fluxes. The measured EC fluxes showed a diurnal cycle in the emissions, which was more relevant during the vegetative period, and with CH4 emissions being higher in the late evening, possibly associated with higher water temperature. The comparison between the two measurement techniques shows that greater fluxes are measured with the chambers, especially when higher fluxes are being produced, resulting in 30 % higher seasonal estimations with the chambers than with the EC (41.1 and 31.7 g CH4 m−2 measured with chambers and EC respectively) and even greater differences are found if shorter periods with high chamber sampling frequency are compared. The differences may be a result of the combined effect of overestimation with the chambers and of the possible underestimation by the EC technique.

Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on CH4 emission from a rice paddy field

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Inubushi ◽  
Weiguo Cheng ◽  
Shinichi Aonuma ◽  
M.M. Hoque ◽  
Kazuhiko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air

Mitigating the global warming potential of rice paddy fields by straw and straw-derived biochar amendments

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 115081
Author(s):  
Yansheng Cao ◽  
Ying Shan ◽  
Peicong Wu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

Features of CH4 emission from rice paddy fields in Beijing and Nanjing

Chemosphere ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zongliang ◽  
Li Debo ◽  
Shao Kesheng ◽  
Wang Bujun
Keyword(s):  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

Influence of tillage practice on major pathways of CH4 emission in rice paddy field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiyori Namie ◽  
kasane Shimada ◽  
Shuang shuang Zhao ◽  
Munehide Ishiguro ◽  
Ryusuke Hatanano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

<p> Generally, during the paddy rice cultivation period, CH<sub>4</sub> produced in the soil is reported to be released to the atmosphere through three pathways: diffusion (<1%), bubbles (<10%), and via rice (> 90%). However, there are few studies have measured gas diffusion coefficient for soil below surface of the water, and there is no study has provided an accurate understanding of CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in paddy fields. Furthermore, there are few studies that understanding the CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in fertilizer-free and pesticide-free paddy fields, which is mainly controlled by inter-tillage practices. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of tillage and the number of inter-tillage and the presence or absence of fertilizer and pesticide on the CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in rice paddy soil. This study compared three types of CH<sub>4</sub> flux, which were total CH<sub>4</sub> flux from rice paddy field measured by transparent chamber with plants, and soil derived CH<sub>4</sub> flux measured by dark chamber without plants, and gas diffusion flux calculated as a product of the gas diffusion coefficient and measured soil gas concentration gradient at the depths of 0-5 and 5-10cm. And they were compared with in the five rice cultivation periods (flooding, mid-drying, intermittent irrigation, drainage, and fallowing) and in the four treatment plots (conventional farming (CF), and fertilizer- and pesticide-free farming with zero-inter-tillage(T0), two-inter-tillage(T2), and five-inter-tillage (T5)). The CF was conducted according to the regional recommendation for tillage, fertilization and pest and weed control. The results showed that the peak of total CH<sub>4</sub> flux was observed in the mid-drying and intermittent irrigation periods in all treatments, and that the CH<sub>4 </sub>flux via rice plant accounted for 60-90% of the total CH<sub>4</sub> flux. The CF showed significantly highest CH<sub>4</sub> emission during the periods, and the increase of the number of inter-tillage tended to increase the CH<sub>4</sub> emission. In the drainage period, the CH<sub>4</sub> flux by bubbles in the CF and T5 accounted for more than 80% of the total CH<sub>4</sub> flux. In the fallowing period, the diffusion CH<sub>4</sub> flux at the depth of 5-10cm increased in all treatments, but the low total CH<sub>4 </sub>emission and increased CO<sub>2</sub> emission. This study revealed that incorporation of organic matter into soil in conventional rice farming tended to increase CH<sub>4</sub> emission. The main pathway of CH<sub>4</sub> emission from rice paddy field was via rice, and it was influenced by tillage significantly. The decomposition of organic matter from rice straw and weeds incorporated into soil was the source of the bubble of CH<sub>4</sub>. Furthermore, it seemed that the most of diffusively transferred CH<sub>4</sub> was easily oxidized to CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Mohammad Naser ◽  
Osamu Nagata ◽  
Sarmin Sultana ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Winter Fallow

Since each greenhouse gas (GHG) has its own radiative capacity, all three gasses (CO2, CH4 and N2O) must be accounted for by calculating the net global warming potential (GWP) in a crop production system. To compare the impact of GHG fluxes from the rice growing and the fallow season on the annual gas fluxes, and their contribution to the GWP and carbon sequestration (CS) were evaluated. From May to April in Bibai (43°18′ N, 141°44′ E), in central Hokkaido, Japan, three rice paddy fields under actual management conditions were investigated to determine CS and the contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to GWP. Methane and N2O fluxes were measured by placing the chamber over the rice plants covering four hills and CO2 fluxes from rice plants root free space in paddy fields were taken as an indicator of soil microbial respiration (Rm) using the closed chamber method. Soil CS was calculated as the difference between net primary production (NPP) and loss of carbon (C) through Rm, emission of CH4 and harvest of crop C. Annual cumulative Rm ranged from 422 to 519 g C m−2 yr−1; which accounted for 54.7 to 55.5% of the rice growing season in particular. Annual cumulative CH4 emissions ranged from 75.5 to 116 g C m−2 yr−1 and this contribution occurred entirely during the rice growing period. Total cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.091 to 0.154 g N m−2 yr−1 and from 73.5 to 81.3% of the total N2O emissions recorded during the winter-fallow season. The CS ranged from −305 to −365 g C m−2 yr−1, suggesting that C input by NPP may not be compensate for the loss of soil C. The loss of C in the winter-fallow season was much higher (62 to 66%) than in the growing season. The annual net GWP from the investigated paddy fields ranged from 3823 to 5016 g CO2 equivalent m−2 yr−1. Annual GWPCH4 accounted for 71.9 to 86.1% of the annual net GWP predominantly from the rice growing period. These results indicate that CH4 dominated the net GWP of the rice paddy.

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