scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Aquatic Ecosystem and Production of Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satarupa Ghosh ◽  
Snigdha Chatterjee ◽  
Ghora Shiva Prasad ◽  
Prasanna Pal

The exploitation of nature for decades due to several anthropogenic activities has changed the climatic conditions worldwide. The environment has been polluted with an increase of greenhouse gases. The major consequences are global warming, cyclone, an increase in sea level, etc. It has a clear negative impact on the natural environment including aquatic ones. As a result, production of fish in the aquaculture system and marine system is greatly affected. Marine ecosystems like coral reefs are also destroyed. Decreased fish production has also affected the livelihood and economic condition of the fish farmers. So, corrective measures should be taken to reduce the climate changes for minimizing its effects on fish production. Using more eco-friendly substances, planting more trees, and preserving our nature are some steps to be taken. Awareness should also be generated among the common people.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Martin Fearnside

Global warming has potentially catastrophic impacts in Amazonia, while at the same time maintenance of the Amazon forest offers one of the most valuable and cost-effective options for mitigating climate change. We know that the El Niño phenomenon, caused by temperature oscillations of surface water in the Pacific, has serious impacts in Amazonia, causing droughts and forest fires (as in 1997-1998). Temperature oscillations in the Atlantic also provoke severe droughts (as in 2005). We also know that Amazonian trees die both from fires and from water stress under hot, dry conditions. In addition, water recycled through the forest provides rainfall that maintains climatic conditions appropriate for tropical forest, especially in the dry season. What we need to know quickly, through intensified research, includes progress in representing El Niño and the Atlantic oscillations in climatic models, representation of biotic feedbacks in models used for decision-making about global warming, and narrowing the range of estimating climate sensitivity to reduce uncertainty about the probability of very severe impacts. Items that need to be negotiated include the definition of "dangerous" climate change, with the corresponding maximum levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Mitigation of global warming must include maintaining the Amazon forest, which has benefits for combating global warming from two separate roles: cutting the flow the emissions of carbon each year from the rapid pace of deforestation, and avoiding emission of the stock of carbon in the remaining forest that can be released by various ways, including climate change itself. Barriers to rewarding forest maintenance include the need for financial rewards for both of these roles. Other needs are for continued reduction of uncertainty regarding emissions and deforestation processes, as well as agreement on the basis of carbon accounting. As one of the countries most subject to impacts of climate change, Brazil must assume the leadership in fighting global warming.


2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Adaptation strategies to the climate change include measures that can be taken to take account of the new climatic conditions. This paper aims at assessing the effects of climate change on environmental sustainability. This sustainability constitutes a major problem in many countries and regions around the world that experience industrial pollution, degradation of land as well as natural disasters caused by the global warming. The paper shows that adaptation strategies are often parallel strategies that can be integrated simultaneously with the management of natural resources. They can make resources more efficient and resilient to climate change. The paper shows that reducing the carbon footprint by more than 50 percent by 2030 and eliminating it by 2050 might be a viable solution how to tackle the climate change and support the environmental sustainability.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Nedealcov Maria ◽  
Donica Ala ◽  
Brașoveanu Valeriu ◽  
Grigoraș Nicolae ◽  
Deomidova Cristina

Abstract Assessment activity and surveillance of the forests health, held at the global, regional and local level, has continuously developed, culminating in the current period with interdisciplinary and extensive scientific researches, that evaluate the effects of the main factors on forest ecosystems state, in particular, air pollution and climate change. Scientific researches have shown that among trees ecophysiological processes, forest life processes and meteorological parameters there are direct dependences, particularly in the case of trees supply with water during the growing period (May-July), with major influences for critical months (July and August), which have a decisive impact on growth, vitality and production of organic matter in forests. Dry years, from the beginning of the third millennium can lead to a decrease of mesophilic forests area (beech, sessile oak and penduculate oak), which will tend to retreat towards the center of the area (central Europe) in favor of thermophilic forests with pubescent oak. It was determined that a most significant negative impact of climate aridization will feel the forest ecosystems from Southern and central regions of country (conditioned by the mean air temperature (July-August), monthly rainfall (May-August), evapotranspiration and geographic latitude), and less - the Northern part of the country (Forestry Aridity Index calculated for 3 experimental stations revealed variations of this index between 7.8 - 8.3 - in the Central part of country, and 8.4 - 8.6 - for Southern part of country). At the same time the impact of climate change will determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of pests and pathogenic species. The phenomenon of climate aridization was expressed also through the impact of the Microsphaera alphitoides disease, intensity of “mildew” attack being based on the climatic conditions of the study region. Obtained data, for confirmation, were correlated with indications of bioindicators, present in the study region.


Author(s):  
STAVROS DEMERTZIS ◽  
VASILIKI DEMERTZI ◽  
KONSTANTINOS DEMERTZIS

Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner. Under these conditions, air pollution is likely to reach levels that create undesirable living conditions. Anthropogenic activities, such as industry, release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, increasing the atmospheric concentrations of these gases, thus significantly enhancing the greenhouse effect, which has the effect of increasing air heat and thus the speedup of climate change. The use of sophisticated data analysis methods to identify the causes of extreme pollutant values, the correlation of these values with the general climatic conditions and the general malfunctions that can be caused by prolonged air pollution can give a clear picture of current and future climate change. This paper presents a thorough study of preprocessing steps of data analytics and the appropriate big data architectures that are appropriate for the research study of Climate Change and Atmospheric Science.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Kateryna VASYLKOVSKA ◽  
Oleksii VASYLKOVSKYI ◽  
Svitlana POPOVA ◽  
Valentyna Malakhovska

"The production and yield of grain crops in Ukraine from 2000 to 2019 was analysed in the article. The comparative analysis of gross harvest and export of grain during these years was carried out and the dependence of exports on gross harvest and its share was determined. The results point out that the export of grain crops has increased over the years under research, which indicates Ukraine’s significant export potential. Thus, leaving for the needs of the country from 16.0 to 36.6 million tons of grain (on average, 25.9 million tons), Ukrainian farmers export an average of 40.7% of the crop. During the period from 2000 to 2019, the gross harvest of grains in the country averaged 48.4 million tons resulting in the annual potential share of exports of at least 22.4 million tons. It was also found that the increase in the share of exports was made possible by a qualitative change in yield, which was due to the changes in crop growing technology. However, with global warming and climate change, new challenges for agricultural producers are emerging. The recommendations were given in order to improve the crop growing technology that will allow to overcome these challenges, further increase yields and Ukraine's export potential. "


Author(s):  
Mark Maslin

‘Evidence for climate change’ considers both past and recent climate change through changes in temperature, precipitation, and relative global sea level to show that significant changes in climate have been recorded. These include a 0.85°Celsius (C) increase in average global temperatures over the last 150 years, sea-level rise of over 20 cm, significant shifts in the seasonality and intensities of precipitation, changing weather patterns, and significant retreat of Arctic sea ice and nearly all continental glaciers. The IPCC 2013 report states that the evidence for global warming is unequivocal and that there is very high confidence that this warming is due to human emissions of greenhouse gases.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Grases ◽  
Vicente Gracia ◽  
Manuel García-León ◽  
Jue Lin-Ye ◽  
Joan Pau Sierra

Episodic coastal hazards associated to sea storms are responsible for sudden and intense changes in coastal morphology. Climate change and local anthropogenic activities such as river regulation and urban growth are raising risk levels in coastal hotspots, like low-lying areas of river deltas. This urges to revise present management strategies to guarantee their future sustainability, demanding a detailed diagnostic of the hazard evolution. In this paper, flooding and erosion under current and future conditions have been assessed at local scale at the urban area of Riumar, a touristic enclave placed at the Ebro Delta (Spain). Process-based models have been used to address the interaction between beach morphology and storm waves, as well as the influence of coastal environment complexity. Storm waves have been propagated with SWAN wave model and have provided the forcings for XBeach, a 2DH hydro-morphodynamic model. Results show that future trends in sea level rise and wave forcing produce non-linear variations of the flooded area and the volume of mobilized sediment resulting from marine storms. In particular, the balance between flooding and sediment transport will shift depending on the relative sea level. Wave induced flooding and long-shore sand transport seem to be diminished in the future, whereas static sea level flooding and cross-shore sediment transport are exacerbated. Therefore, the characterization of tipping points in the coastal response can help to develop robust and adaptive plans to manage climate change impact in sandy wave dominated coasts with a low-lying hinterland and a complex shoreline morphology.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Stewart ◽  
Trine T Moholdt ◽  
Louise M Burrell ◽  
Karen Sliwa ◽  
Ana O Mocumbi ◽  
...  

Climate change is a major contributor to annual winter peaks in cardiovascular events across the globe. However, given the paradoxical observation that cardiovascular seasonality is observed in relatively mild as well as cold climates, global warming may not be as positive for the syndrome of heart failure (HF) as some predict. In this article, we present our Model of Seasonal Flexibility to explain the spectrum of individual responses to climatic conditions. We have identified distinctive phenotypes of resilience and vulnerability to explain why winter peaks in HF occur. Moreover, we identify how better identification of climatic vulnerability and the use of multifaceted interventions focusing on modifiable bio-behavioural factors may improve HF outcomes.


Author(s):  
Henry Yonanda ◽  
Rudy Trisno

Millennials have been touted as the generation that will do something about global warming. Conversely, some social scientists studying generational differences have found evidence that younger generations are less likely to engage in civic matters like environmental activism. Lack of civic engagement among Millennials may reduce their likelihood of engaging in collective action on global warming. On the other hand, the world is drastically changing. Within the recent years, climate change has become a growing concern worldwide. The various modes of destruction imposed on the environment are targeted to be the catalyst to these changes. According to climate scientists, sea level rise is one of the most important impacts of global climate change. Fishermen as one of the professions that depend their life on the sea, is affected so much by this condition. This condition might destroy their houses on the coastal area. Urban Kampong in Jakarta as the most dense human settlements in urban area has become one of the main economic generator for a city. With all the contradict characteristics and forms, urban kampongs are the part of the city that cannot be separated from one to another. The existence of kampong has become the main embryo of the development of Jakarta. Jakarta is one of the biggest coastal city in the world. The coastline of this city has become the main economic generator for the coty and the nations. The existence of fishermen’s kampong in Jakarta has also become an essential program for the city, in order to fullfill the needs of fresh catch of sea products. Therefore, The project is aimed to create a sustainable and adaptive coastal kampong community, that has the resilience to the rising sea level. By concerning on the kampong’s behaviour, and doing research of the typological transformation of the kampong, the design is also expected to serve as an archetype fot the future development of endagered coastal settlements all across the country. several sustainable approach and behaviourial approach are also injected in this project to create a contextual design that would help the kampong to grow, and adapt to all the conditions, and situation in the future. AbstrakGenerasi milenial dianggap sebagai generasi yang akan melakukan perubahan nyata terkait dengan pemanasan global. Akan tetapi, beberapa studi pun menunjukan bukti bahwa generasi millenial justru memiliki kesadaran serta kepekaan yang tidak lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan generas-generasi sebelumnya. Pada satu sisi, bumi kian melakukan perubahan yang begitu derastis. Berbagai macam kerusakan pun terjadi dalam berbagai jenis yang menjadi generator dari perubahan iklim yang drastis ini. Nelayan sebagai salah satu profesi yang menggantungkan nasibnya pada lautan, kian terganggu dengan kondisi ini. Hal ini menyebabkan kerusakan pada rumah-rumah di kawasan pesisir pantai. Kampung kota di Jakarta, sebagai permukiman terpadat di daerah urban menjadi salah satu kenerator utama pada suatu kota. Dengan segala karakteristiknya yang berbanding terbalik dengan perkotaan, kampung kota merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari suatu kota. Eksistensi suatu kampung telah menjadi embrio dari perkembangan kota Jakarta. Jakarta merupakan salah satu kota pesisir terbesar di dunia. Daerah pesisir dari kota ini telah menjadi generator ekonomi utama dari kota itu sendiri dan juga nasional. Keberadaan kampung nelayan di Jakarta pun menjadi salah satu program penting yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Maka dari itu, proyek ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan suatu komunitas kampung pesisir yang berkelanjutan, adaptif serta memiliki ketahanan terhadap kenaikan permukaan air laut yang terjadi. Metode perancangan pada proyek ini dibagi menjadi 2 bagian utama yaitu analisis mikro yang membahas mengenai tipe dan perilaku, serta analisis makro yang membahas proyek dari segi perancangan urban. Dengan menitik beratkan pada studi perilaku, dan melakukan riset mendalam terhadap transformasi tipologi yang terjadi pada kampung, desain ini diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu arketipe untuk pengembangan kampung di daerah pesisir di masa depan di seluruh Indonesia. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan, bahwa dengan adaptasi tipe, perilaku serta sistem berkelanjutan yang sesuai dan tepat, desain dari kampung nelayan berkelanjutan ini dapat menjadi suatu respon yang tepat dalam menjawab permasalahan yang terjadi di kampung-kampung pesisir.


Author(s):  
N.V. Danilova

The signals of global warming are now being observed throughout the world. Data of hydrometeorological centres show a significant increase of temperature in many regions accompanied by intense frequency of dry periods. Some substantial and direct effects of climate change may be already noticed at present time. Over the next several decades they will be observed in agriculture. Increase of temperature and reduction of precipitation volumes will probably lead to decrease the level of yield. These changes can significantly affect the global food security. Ukraine is known for its fertile soil and agricultural products, so it has a huge agricultural potential, contributing, in fact, to the global food security. However, the observed weather changes, increase of average temperature and uneven distribution of rainfalls can result in sharp transformation of most of agricultural and climatic zones of Ukraine. According to international processes there is an urgent need for improvement of adaptation to climate change of some branches of national economy of Ukraine, including of agriculture. Expanding the range of types of millet used in agricultural production is an economically feasible process that should be implemented in view of significant climate changes resulting in global warming which is widely discussed in scientific literature. Rapid introduction in crop shifts of the millet that is able to withstand recurring periodic droughts, especially in the southern regions, is one of the ways allowing to overcome the consequences of such extreme conditions. Conditions of the southern regions are favourable for millet crop. Millet is one of the most drought-resistant and heat-resistant crops that can sustain heat injuries and seizures and this is very important for arid areas during dry years, when other crops significantly reduce the level of yield. We studied changes of agro-climatic resources and agro-climatic conditions for formation of millet productivity for various periods of time. The analysis of climate change trend was performed through comparing of data as per climatic scenarios A2 and A1B and of average long-term characteristics of climatic and agro-climatic indicators. The comparative description of millet productivity under the conditions of climate change as per average long-term data (1986-2005) and as per scenarios A2 and A1B of climate change (2011-2030 and 2031-2050) was also performed.


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