scholarly journals Winter Peaks in Heart Failure: An Inevitable or Preventable Consequence of Seasonal Vulnerability?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Stewart ◽  
Trine T Moholdt ◽  
Louise M Burrell ◽  
Karen Sliwa ◽  
Ana O Mocumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Multifaceted Interventions ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Climate change is a major contributor to annual winter peaks in cardiovascular events across the globe. However, given the paradoxical observation that cardiovascular seasonality is observed in relatively mild as well as cold climates, global warming may not be as positive for the syndrome of heart failure (HF) as some predict. In this article, we present our Model of Seasonal Flexibility to explain the spectrum of individual responses to climatic conditions. We have identified distinctive phenotypes of resilience and vulnerability to explain why winter peaks in HF occur. Moreover, we identify how better identification of climatic vulnerability and the use of multifaceted interventions focusing on modifiable bio-behavioural factors may improve HF outcomes.

scholarly journals Global warming in Amazonia: impacts and Mitigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Martin Fearnside
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Temperature Oscillations

Global warming has potentially catastrophic impacts in Amazonia, while at the same time maintenance of the Amazon forest offers one of the most valuable and cost-effective options for mitigating climate change. We know that the El Niño phenomenon, caused by temperature oscillations of surface water in the Pacific, has serious impacts in Amazonia, causing droughts and forest fires (as in 1997-1998). Temperature oscillations in the Atlantic also provoke severe droughts (as in 2005). We also know that Amazonian trees die both from fires and from water stress under hot, dry conditions. In addition, water recycled through the forest provides rainfall that maintains climatic conditions appropriate for tropical forest, especially in the dry season. What we need to know quickly, through intensified research, includes progress in representing El Niño and the Atlantic oscillations in climatic models, representation of biotic feedbacks in models used for decision-making about global warming, and narrowing the range of estimating climate sensitivity to reduce uncertainty about the probability of very severe impacts. Items that need to be negotiated include the definition of "dangerous" climate change, with the corresponding maximum levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Mitigation of global warming must include maintaining the Amazon forest, which has benefits for combating global warming from two separate roles: cutting the flow the emissions of carbon each year from the rapid pace of deforestation, and avoiding emission of the stock of carbon in the remaining forest that can be released by various ways, including climate change itself. Barriers to rewarding forest maintenance include the need for financial rewards for both of these roles. Other needs are for continued reduction of uncertainty regarding emissions and deforestation processes, as well as agreement on the basis of carbon accounting. As one of the countries most subject to impacts of climate change, Brazil must assume the leadership in fighting global warming.

scholarly journals Effects of climate change on environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The World

Adaptation strategies to the climate change include measures that can be taken to take account of the new climatic conditions. This paper aims at assessing the effects of climate change on environmental sustainability. This sustainability constitutes a major problem in many countries and regions around the world that experience industrial pollution, degradation of land as well as natural disasters caused by the global warming. The paper shows that adaptation strategies are often parallel strategies that can be integrated simultaneously with the management of natural resources. They can make resources more efficient and resilient to climate change. The paper shows that reducing the carbon footprint by more than 50 percent by 2030 and eliminating it by 2050 might be a viable solution how to tackle the climate change and support the environmental sustainability.

THE DIRECTIONS FOR OPTIMIZING UKRAINE’S EXPORT POTENTIAL OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Kateryna VASYLKOVSKA ◽  
Oleksii VASYLKOVSKYI ◽  
Svitlana POPOVA ◽  
Valentyna Malakhovska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
New Challenges

"The production and yield of grain crops in Ukraine from 2000 to 2019 was analysed in the article. The comparative analysis of gross harvest and export of grain during these years was carried out and the dependence of exports on gross harvest and its share was determined. The results point out that the export of grain crops has increased over the years under research, which indicates Ukraine’s significant export potential. Thus, leaving for the needs of the country from 16.0 to 36.6 million tons of grain (on average, 25.9 million tons), Ukrainian farmers export an average of 40.7% of the crop. During the period from 2000 to 2019, the gross harvest of grains in the country averaged 48.4 million tons resulting in the annual potential share of exports of at least 22.4 million tons. It was also found that the increase in the share of exports was made possible by a qualitative change in yield, which was due to the changes in crop growing technology. However, with global warming and climate change, new challenges for agricultural producers are emerging. The recommendations were given in order to improve the crop growing technology that will allow to overcome these challenges, further increase yields and Ukraine's export potential. "

scholarly journals Assessment of changes of agro-climatic conditions for cultivation of millet in the southern regions of Ukraine resulted from climate change

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
N.V. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Global Food

The signals of global warming are now being observed throughout the world. Data of hydrometeorological centres show a significant increase of temperature in many regions accompanied by intense frequency of dry periods. Some substantial and direct effects of climate change may be already noticed at present time. Over the next several decades they will be observed in agriculture. Increase of temperature and reduction of precipitation volumes will probably lead to decrease the level of yield. These changes can significantly affect the global food security. Ukraine is known for its fertile soil and agricultural products, so it has a huge agricultural potential, contributing, in fact, to the global food security. However, the observed weather changes, increase of average temperature and uneven distribution of rainfalls can result in sharp transformation of most of agricultural and climatic zones of Ukraine. According to international processes there is an urgent need for improvement of adaptation to climate change of some branches of national economy of Ukraine, including of agriculture. Expanding the range of types of millet used in agricultural production is an economically feasible process that should be implemented in view of significant climate changes resulting in global warming which is widely discussed in scientific literature. Rapid introduction in crop shifts of the millet that is able to withstand recurring periodic droughts, especially in the southern regions, is one of the ways allowing to overcome the consequences of such extreme conditions. Conditions of the southern regions are favourable for millet crop. Millet is one of the most drought-resistant and heat-resistant crops that can sustain heat injuries and seizures and this is very important for arid areas during dry years, when other crops significantly reduce the level of yield. We studied changes of agro-climatic resources and agro-climatic conditions for formation of millet productivity for various periods of time. The analysis of climate change trend was performed through comparing of data as per climatic scenarios A2 and A1B and of average long-term characteristics of climatic and agro-climatic indicators. The comparative description of millet productivity under the conditions of climate change as per average long-term data (1986-2005) and as per scenarios A2 and A1B of climate change (2011-2030 and 2031-2050) was also performed.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate, Climate Change and Modern Technology on Wheat Production in Nepal: A Case Study at Bhairahawa

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Lal Nayava ◽  
Rabi Singh ◽  
Madan Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Key Words Climate Change

The relation between climate and wheat production in Nepal was studied for the period 1970/71-2007/08. Due to the topographical differences within short north-south span of the country, Nepal has wide variety of climatic condition. About 70 to 90% of the rainfall occurs during the summer monsoon months (June to September) in Nepal and the rest of the months are almost dry. Wheat is cultivated during the dry winter period and therefore, the supplementary irrigation plays a vital role in its cultivation. Varieties of wheat have been developed to suit the local climatic conditions. Due to the availability of improved seeds, modern cultivation practice and a supplementary irrigation; the wheat cultivation has increased substantially throughout Nepal. The national area and production of wheat has remarkably increased from 228,000 ha to 706,481 ha and 193360 mt to 1,572,065 mt during 1970/71 to 2007/2008 respectively. Future planning to increase the wheat production in Nepal should give due consideration to the effect of global warming also. The present rate of annual increase of temperature was 0.06°C in Nepal. Trends of temperature rise were not uniform in Nepal. An increase of annual temperature at Bhairahawa during 1970-2008 was only 0.018°C. However, the wheat growing seasons at Bhairahawa, the trend of annual maximum temperature during November to April was -0.0068°C during the study period. Though modern facilities such as irrigation, improved seeds and fertilizers are available to some extent, weather and climate still plays an important role in the increase of area and production of wheat in Nepal Key words: climate change; plain low land (phant); global warming; trendDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v6i1.5479 Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 6, No. 1 1-14

Climate Change, Global Warming, and Agricultural Droughts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Menzhulin ◽  
Sergey P. Savvateyev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Earth

The climate of a region is a representation of long-term weather conditions that prevail there. Over the millions of years of the existence of the atmosphere on the earth, the climate has changed all the time; ice ages have come and gone, and this has been the result of natural causes. Recently (on geological time scales) the human population has expanded—from half a billion in 1600, to 1 billion in 1800, to almost 3 billion in 1940, and it now stands at about 6 billion. The climate may well now be influenced not only as before by natural events but also by human activities. For example, we are producing vast amounts of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels, and this is causing the temperature of the earth to rise significantly. If we argue that we should control our activities to preserve this planet as a habitable environment for future generations, we need to have some scientific knowledge of the effects of our present activities on climate. In recent years the evidence has been accumulating that on the time scale of decades there is global warming (i.e., the global annual mean surface temperature is increasing). There is also evidence accumulating that part of this increase is a consequence of human activities. The evidence is largely statistical. Within this trend there are bound to be temporal fluctuations and spatial variations. Moreover, in addition to the increase in temperature, it is reasonable to assume that there is, overall, an increase in evaporation of water from the surface of the earth and that there will be a consequent increase in precipitation. But within this overall scenario there are bound to be local variations; some areas may experience more precipitation, but some areas may experience less precipitation. The effect of climate change on the proneness to drought is therefore not uniform but can be expected to vary from place to place. Therefore, whether one is concerned with considering the relation between climate and proneness to drought from the historical evidence or whether one is trying to use models to predict the effect of future climatic conditions, it is necessary to consider the local spatial variations.

Future storylines of the 2012 soybean failure event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Moreno Dumont Goulart ◽  
Bart van den Hurk ◽  
Karin van der Wiel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Failure Event

<p>Weather events are a common cause for crop failures all over the world. Whilst extreme weather conditions may cause extreme impacts, the most common type of failure-inducing weather events are compounded. For these cases, explaining which conditions triggered a failure event is a complex task, as the links connecting climate and crop yield can be multiple and non-linear. On top of that, the climate change is likely to perturb the interface between climate and agriculture, possibly altering the occurrences or the drivers of crop failures, or generating new types of extreme impacts. In this context, the goal of this study is to demonstrate how global warming can affect the climate-crop connection. For that, we use a storyline approach and focus on an observed failure event, the extreme low soybean production during the 2012 season in hotspots regions, such as the Midwest US, Brazil and Argentina. The scale of this event drove the global soybean prices to the highest values ever recorded. We set out to quantify the change in occurrence of similar events in a warmer scenario. The storylines allow for event attribution, where a given impact can be examined and its causes disentangled. Here, four hotspots of soybean production are examined to contemplate the local consequences of climate change. The study is divided in two parts. We first link climatic features with soybean yields. For each hotspot region, a random forest classifier model is used to establish which meteorological variables are most important and how they are correlated with low soybean yields. With the model trained, we identify the climatic conditions that lead to the 2012 event. Second, we explore the influence of global warming on crop failures. Three large ensembles of simulated weather are obtained from the EC-Earth global climate model, one relating to the present-day period (including the 2012 event) and two relating to future periods with different levels of future warming . We apply the random forest model to these data, and obtain failure statistics for both present and future conditions, isolating the influence of climate change on the soybean failure.  </p>

scholarly journals 21st Century Projections of Extreme Precipitation Indicators for Cyprus

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Zittis ◽  
Adriana Bruggeman ◽  
Corrado Camera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

According to observational and model-based studies, the eastern Mediterranean region is one of the most prominent climate-change hotspots in the world. The combined effect of warming and drying is expected to augment the regional impacts of global warming. In addition to changes in mean climatic conditions, global warming is likely to induce changes in several aspects of extreme rainfall such as duration and magnitude. In this context, we explore the impact of climate change on precipitation with the use of several indicators. We focus on Cyprus, a water-stressed island located in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Our results are derived from a new high-resolution simulation for the 21st century, which is driven by a “business-as-usual” scenario. In addition to a strong temperature increase (up to 4.1 °C), our analysis highlights that, on average for the island, most extreme precipitation indicators decrease, suggesting a transition to much drier conditions. The absolute daily rainfall maxima exhibit strong local variability, indicating the need for high resolution simulations to understand the potential impacts on future flooding.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Aquatic Ecosystem and Production of Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satarupa Ghosh ◽  
Snigdha Chatterjee ◽  
Ghora Shiva Prasad ◽  
Prasanna Pal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Common People ◽  
Marine System ◽  
The Common

The exploitation of nature for decades due to several anthropogenic activities has changed the climatic conditions worldwide. The environment has been polluted with an increase of greenhouse gases. The major consequences are global warming, cyclone, an increase in sea level, etc. It has a clear negative impact on the natural environment including aquatic ones. As a result, production of fish in the aquaculture system and marine system is greatly affected. Marine ecosystems like coral reefs are also destroyed. Decreased fish production has also affected the livelihood and economic condition of the fish farmers. So, corrective measures should be taken to reduce the climate changes for minimizing its effects on fish production. Using more eco-friendly substances, planting more trees, and preserving our nature are some steps to be taken. Awareness should also be generated among the common people.

scholarly journals Regional Climate Change and Surface Waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Duca ◽  
Maria Nedealcov ◽  
Serghei Travin ◽  
Viorica Gladchi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adequate Management

Abstract The actual period marred by the global warming requires expanding our knowledge on the regional particularities of climate changes manifestations as consequences of global climatic changes. It was stated that within the limits of Republic of Moldova’s territory the pace of warming is much more accelerated than the global one. These consequences, in their turn, had led to the increase in degree of evaporation of surface waters, which had conditioned the doubling of still water’s pollution in the region (Lake Beleu). We consider that the obtained results could contribute to the adequate management of water resources in the new climatic conditions.

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