scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics on Spider Population in Pathiramanal Island, Kerala, India: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobi J. Malamel
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Impact of temperature, rainfall, and humidity varied across different seasons, and the spiders responded differently in each season. Spider community reaches its peak in growing season (October to January). The growing season is recorded as the period with average temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity and which is found to be more suitable for spider population to increase, because highest proportion of spiders is trapped during this season. Ecological factors diminished the spider fauna from February to May (dry season) with high temperature and then gradually decreased through June to September (rainy season) because of heavy rainfall. Correlation analysis of variables with species richness and number of individuals is tested to check the statistical significance between them. Season-wise dendrogram is plotted to show the similarity between the seasons. For the estimation of spider diversity in three different seasons, indices such as Fisher alpha diversity index, Shannon diversity index and Simpson’s diversity index are evaluated.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Fogera Cattle Calves to Heat Stress during Different Seasons in Sub-Humid Part of Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Michael Abera ◽  
Yesihak Yusuf Mummed ◽  
Mitiku Eshetu ◽  
Fabio Pilla ◽  
Zewdu Wondifraw
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
High Weight Gain ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Fogera cattle are among indigenous breeds of cattle in the northern part of Ethiopia. However, their response to heat stress (HS) under different seasonal variations has not been well investigated. This study was aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to HS during dry season, short rainy, and long rainy. A total of 72 calves (24 for each season) that were 6 months of age with an equal number of males and females were evaluated for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters. Daily ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded two times per day during the study periods from which the daily average temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. The study revealed higher AT and THI during dry and short seasons while higher RH was observed during the long rainy season. Physiological parameters except rectal temperature were affected by the seasons. Hematological parameters were also affected by season except for packed cell volume. Biochemical and growth parameters were also significantly affected by the seasons. THI was positively related with physiological but negatively with growth parameters. Thus, the THI value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to HS in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lighton Dube
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Extension Support

<p>This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification.  The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.</p>

Assessing the regional biogenic methanol emission from spring wheat during the growing season: A Canadian case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 117602
Author(s):  
Mengfan Cai ◽  
Chunjiang An ◽  
Christophe Guy ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
Fereshteh Mafakheri
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growing Season

Carbon stock assessment through above-ground biomass of trees at different forest composition in Mt. Malindawag, Lubilan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
M. G. Origenes ◽  
R. L. Lapitan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Number Of Individuals

It is documented that the amounts of carbon stored and its level of degradation in different forests compositions and different types of forest is mostly unknown, Philippines is no exemption as little was done in some places of this country. This study was conducted to assess carbon stock through above ground biomass of trees at different forest composition in Mt. Malindawag. There were three (3) 20m x 20m sample plots (quadrats) (400m2 equivalent to 0.04 ha) established as replicate plots provided with 50m intervals. Forest composition such as the Agroforestry area, mixed forest area and the Plantation forest were assessed in terms of the number of individuals, number of species, diameter, and height to calculate the biomass, tree biomass density as well as the carbon stock. Based on the results of the study conducted in different forest compositions of Mt. Malindawag, plantation forest has the highest carbon stocking rate. However, these results were not significantly different from the other forest composition. This was associated with a higher accumulated diameter, which resulted in higher biomass and eventually carbon stock. Species found in this forest composition are productive and have lesser number of individuals; therefore, there is lesser competition for resources such as light. Such a mechanism might contribute to the higher biomass and carbon stock. However, the result may not be right to other areas due to uncontrollable factors, anthropogenic and environmental factors. Hence, it is recommended to have further studies on areas where trees have similar age, species diversity index as well as stand development and site productivity for a more accurate and quantifiable carbon stock.

scholarly journals Dynamic Relations of Consumer Prices: A Case Study of Recent Effects on the Japanese Headline CPI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Chikashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Dynamic Relations ◽  
Vector Error Correction Models

<p>This study attempts to empirically examine the relations between the headline consumer price index (CPI) and several other CPIs in Japan by applying the vector error correction models (VECMs). Our investigations derive the following interesting findings. First, we reveal that as to our four combinations of the CPIs tested in this paper, 1) all variable coefficients in the cointegrating equations are statistically significant in our VECM models and the statistical significance is very strong. Thus, we understand that our four bivariate combinations of the CPIs tested in this paper are all strongly cointegrated and the VECM approach is very effective to capture the time-series effects of the categorized CPIs on the Japanese headline CPI. Further, we also find that 2) as far as judging by the results of our impulse response analyses, for the period from May 2011 to June 2015, the headline CPI for Japan is weakly or little affected by the CPI of energy and the CPI of food for Japan. We further clarify that 3) according to the results of our impulse response analyses, the Japanese headline CPI is positively affected by both the CPI of utilities for Japan and the CPI of transportation and communication expenses for Japan.</p>

scholarly journals Actually existing smart citizens: expertise and (non)participation in the making of the smart city

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Shelton ◽  
Thomas Lodato
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In response to the mounting criticism of emerging ‘smart cities’ strategies around the world, a number of individuals and institutions have attempted to pivot from discussions of smart cities towards a focus on ‘smart citizens’. While the smart citizen is most often seen as a kind of foil for those more stereotypically top-down, neoliberal, and repressive visions of the smart city that have been widely critiqued within the literature, this paper argues for an attention to the ‘actually existing smart citizen’, which plays a much messier and more ambivalent role in practice. This paper proposes the dual figures of ‘the general citizen’ and ‘the absent citizen’ as a heuristic for thinking about how the lines of inclusion and exclusion are drawn for citizens, both discursively and materially, in the actual making of the smart city. These figures are meant to highlight how the universal and unspecified figure of ‘the citizen’ is discursively deployed to justify smart city policies, while at the same time, actual citizens remain largely excluded from such decision and policy-making processes. Using a case study of Atlanta, Georgia and its ongoing smart cities initiatives, we argue that while the participation of citizens is crucial to any truly democratic mode of urban governance, the emerging discourse around the promise of smart citizenship fails to capture the realities of how citizens are actually discussed and enrolled in the making of these policies.

scholarly journals Herpetofauna Distribution and Ecology in East Kutai District, East Kutai, East Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Sus Trimurti ◽  
Andi Sarina ◽  
Lariman .
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Herpetofauna consisting of reptiles and amphibians is a group of fauna whose biodiversity potential is rarely known and is not well known by the public. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, ecology and diversity of herpetofauna in Mesangat Wetlands. The method used in this research is the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) search method by searching directly for the type of herpetofauna around the predetermined pathway. Field orientation is carried out to determine the location of the observation, the location of the observation is divided into 3 locations (Mesangat Hilir, Tengah and Hulu) in one observation location there are 5 stations (lanes) for herpetofauna observation. Observations were made in the morning starting at 09.00 - 12.00 WITA and at night starting at 20.00 - 23.00 WITA. Recorded data related to the number of individuals, activities, time found, environmental parameters and measured SVL if possible. Identified species were found using the identification key book Field Frogs of Borneo Inger and Stuebing (2014) and A Field Guide to the Snakes of Borneo Stuebing, Inger and Lardner (2014). The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. The results showed that the distribution of herpetofauna in Mesangat Wetlands was fairly evenly distributed and the ecology of Mesangat Wetlands supported for herpetofauna life and the diversity index value obtained was 1.53 which was classified as medium category.

scholarly journals Methods Applied for Measurement and Visualization of Changes in Biodiversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Łagód ◽  
Mariola Chomczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Montusiewicz ◽  
Jacek Malicki ◽  
David Stransky
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Profile Method ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Biological Differences

Abstract The article presents the possible methods for determining biological or statistically significant differences between taxocenoses compared with respect to biodiversity. To obtain a complete description of biological differences between the compared hypothetical communities, the following indices were calculated: S (taxon richness), H (the Shannon index), Hmax (the maximum value of the Shannon index for the richness of taxa represented by the same number of individuals), Vd (a percentage value of covering the structural capacity of community, “evenness deficiency”), E (the MacArthur index - a taxon number (S) in a community for which the observed value of H equals Hmax), and Ps (a taxon richness shortage in percents). Moreover, a graphic profile method (Дд, Tj, and Lj profiles) was used for comparing the diversity of the communities. To obtain information about statistically significant differences in biodiversity between the analysed communities, rarefaction curves were applied. The curves are based on the null models and the Monte Carlo method. The rarefaction method resulted in determination of the statistical significance of the differences between taxon richness and Shannon's index values for the compared communities. The Vd and Ps indices and the profile method allowed concluding about the significance of the biological differences between taxocenoses, even when their values of Shannon's H indices were numerically similar.

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