scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Paraplegia: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Paraplegia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Azedi ◽  
Kazem Mousavizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Paraplegia is the damage or loss of function in motor and/or sensory abilities. This insult can be observed in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral parts of spinal column. Besides, paraplegia may be occurring because of any injuries or diseases of the lower segments or peripheral nerves or by cerebral palsy (CP). This damage can be seen as a result of a tumor or blood clot on the spinal cord. By now, there is not any curative treatment for paraplegia. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of spinal cord injury is a promising tested strategy because of their simplicity of isolation/preservation and their properties. Several preclinical studies in this field can be found; however, MSCs showed weak and conflicting outcomes in trials. In this chapter book, we will discuss about the therapeutic role of these cells in the treatment of paraplegia, with emphasis on their characterization, relevance, boundaries, and prospect views.

scholarly journals Stem cell therapies for acute spinal cord injury in humans: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Jin ◽  
Zachary A. Medress ◽  
Tej D. Azad ◽  
Vanessa M. Doulames ◽  
Anand Veeravagu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cord Injury

Recent advances in stem cell biology present significant opportunities to advance clinical applications of stem cell–based therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI). In this review, the authors critically analyze the basic science and translational evidence that supports the use of various stem cell sources, including induced pluripotent stem cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. They subsequently explore recent advances in stem cell biology and discuss ongoing clinical translation efforts, including combinatorial strategies utilizing scaffolds, biogels, and growth factors to augment stem cell survival, function, and engraftment. Finally, the authors discuss the evolution of stem cell therapies for SCI by providing an overview of completed (n = 18) and ongoing (n = 9) clinical trials.

scholarly journals Current progress of rehabilitative strategies in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syoichi Tashiro ◽  
Osahiko Tsuji ◽  
Munehisa Shinozaki ◽  
Takahiro Shibata ◽  
Takashi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractStem cell-based regenerative therapy has opened an avenue for functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Regenerative rehabilitation is attracting wide attention owing to its synergistic effects, feasibility, non-invasiveness, and diverse and systemic properties. In this review article, we summarize the features of rehabilitation, describe the mechanism of combinatorial treatment, and discuss regenerative rehabilitation in the context of SCI. Although conventional rehabilitative methods have commonly been implemented alone, especially in studies of acute-to-subacute SCI, the combinatorial effects of intensive and advanced methods, including various neurorehabilitative approaches, have also been reported. Separating the concept of combined rehabilitation from regenerative rehabilitation, we suggest that the main roles of regenerative rehabilitation can be categorized as conditioning/reconditioning, functional training, and physical exercise, all of which are indispensable for enhancing functional recovery achieved using stem cell therapies.

Spinal physiology

2019 ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
Sadaquate Khan ◽  
Kevin Tsang ◽  
Lamia Nayeb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Final Segment

The spinal column in addition to its mechanical and structural role in bipedal primates also plays an important role in three physiological processes: motor control, sensory perception, and autonomic function. This chapter aims to describe the role of the spinal cord in these physiological processes and the patterns of deficit that result from injuries to the spinal cord. The initial section will cover spinal tract anatomy of transmission of pain, proprioception, motor function, and coordination. This will be followed by a description of autonomic control of bladder, bowel, sexual function, and blood pressure. The final segment will describe the patterns of neurological deficit resulting from spinal cord injury.

Role of surgery in spinal cord injury

Trauma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Birender Balain
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Better Than

This article deals with the main issues of surgical management of acute spinal cord injury patients – discussing the importance of timing of surgery with physiologic stability of the cord, and indications for surgery – absolute and relative. The importance of the type of injury to the spinal column, besides the cord injury, is also discussed. A brief review of relevant literature has been performed to try and answer the question whether early or late surgical treatment for acute spinal cord injury is better than conservative management, reflecting the ethos of treatment for these problems in RJ&AH Orthopaedic Hospital in Oswestry.

scholarly journals Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Sajad Fakhri ◽  
Fatemeh Abbaszadeh ◽  
Seyed Zachariah Moradi ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapies for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

10.5772/63580 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. Doulames ◽  
Laura M. Marquardt ◽  
Bhavaani Jayaram ◽  
Christine D. Plant ◽  
Giles W. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibhu Sahni ◽  
John A. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury
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