scholarly journals Granulomatous Diseases Mimicking Sarcoidosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Robles-Marhuenda
Keyword(s):  
Granulomatous Diseases

Granulomatous Diseases of the Ocular Adnexa

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528
Author(s):  
John Weiner ◽  
Howard Cupples ◽  
Capt. M.C., U.S.N.,† ◽  
Lorenz E. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Adnexa ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases

scholarly journals Liquid Biopsy and Other Non-Invasive Diagnostic Measures in PCNSL

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2665
Author(s):  
Alexander Baraniskin ◽  
Roland Schroers
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare but highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that remains confined to the CNS neuroaxis. The diagnosis of PCNSL requires a high level of suspicion as clinical presentation varies depending on the involved CNS areas. Neurological symptoms and MRI findings may mimic gliomas, demyelinating lesions, or infectious and granulomatous diseases. Almost all PCNSL patients undergo invasive surgical procedures for definite diagnosis. Stereotactic biopsy is still the gold standard in achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 73–97%. Both the potential procedural morbidity and mortality, as well as the time to definite histopathologic diagnosis resulting in delays of treatment initiation, have to be considered. On the contrary, minimally invasive procedures, such as MRI, CSF cytology, and flow cytometry, still have limited value due to inferior specificity and sensitivity. Hence, novel diagnostic approaches, including mutation analyses (MYD88) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and the determination of microRNAs (miR-21, miR-19b, and miR-92) as well as cytokine levels (IL10 and IL6) in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and vitreous fluid (VRF), move into the focus of investigation to facilitate the diagnosis of PCNSL. In this review, we outline the most promising approaches that are currently under clinical consideration.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Infectious Granulomatous Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Shivantha Amarnath ◽  
Liliane Deeb ◽  
Jobin Philipose ◽  
Xiaomin Zheng ◽  
Vivek Gumaste
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases ◽  
Granulomatous Disorders

A granuloma is defined as a localized inflammatory reaction or a hypersensitive response to a nondegradable product leading to an organized collection of epithelioid histiocytes. Etiologies of granulomatous disorders can be divided into two broad categories: infectious and noninfectious (autoimmune conditions, toxins, etc.) causes. The endless list of causalities may prove challenging for gastroenterologists and pathologists to formulate a list of clearly defined differentials. This is true when distinguishing these etiologies based on various clinical presentations and endoscopic and histological findings. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of some of the frequent and rare infectious granulomatous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract documented in the literature to date. We provide an overview of each infectious pathology with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and endoscopic and histologic findings, in addition to treatment.

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