scholarly journals Mobility of Trace Element Contaminants from Abandoned Gold Mine Dump to Stream Waters in an Agricultural Active Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Okereafor ◽  
Elizabeth Makhatha ◽  
Lukhanyo Mekuto ◽  
Vuyo Mavumengwana
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Long Run

In this study, the selected streams within the Blesbokspruit located in South Africa were characterised in this study. Because of prolonged mining activities coupled with ineffective management practices, several mine tailing (MT) dumps are widely distributed in this area. Metals and metalloid contamination from these tailing facilities have been reported to be major contributors to environmental hazards such as acid mine drainage (AMD). With increased agricultural activities in this area, an assessment of the general quality of water being utilised for irrigation purposes and feeding of farm animals becomes inevitable. A procedural method was implemented in a bid to identify relations between tailing and stream water contamination. Representative gold tailing sediments and water samples were collected, respectively. With the aid of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the mineralogical characterisation of the tailing sediments was successfully carried out, while acid digestion using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was utilised in the determination of trace metal contents. Samples of different water sources were also characterised. There was a clear description of the link between tailings, water contamination and possible implications to animals and humans in the long run.

scholarly journals Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Alexis Munyengabe ◽  
Caliphs Zvinowanda ◽  
James Ramontja ◽  
John Ngoni Zvimba
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Acid Mine

The screening and treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using Na2FeO4 was explored. Elemental composition was performed, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for the raw and treated AMD. The AMD samples were collected from three different sampling sites:(Raw Tailing Water 1 (RTW1), Raw Tailing Water 2 (RTW2) and Raw Tailing Water 3 (RTW3)) in Pretoria, South Africa, with acidic pH ranging between 2.50 and 3.13. Total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity of AMD samples ranged between 960 and 1000 mg L−1, 226 and 263 µS. cm−1, respectively. The final pH of treated water samples increased up to ≥9.5 after treatment with sodium ferrate (VI) (Na2FeO4). Liquid Na2FeO4 was quantitatively produced through a wet oxidation method and was fully characterized, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and UV-Vis instruments. Na2FeO4 showed dual functions by removing metals and raising the pH of the treated water. Concentrations of most trace elements did not comply with WHO and DWAF guideline standards in raw AMD while after treatment with Na2FeO4, the concentrations were below guidelines for domestic and irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Using SEM-EDX and ICP-OES to Investigate the Elemental Composition of Green MacroalgaVaucheria sessilis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Krzysztof Marycz ◽  
Katarzyna Basińska ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Analytical System

The biomass ofVaucheria sessilisforms algal mats in many freshwaters. There is a need to find the method of algal biomass utilization.Vaucheria sessilisis a rich source of micro- and macronutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. In the paper, the elemental composition of enriched, via bioaccumulation process, macroalga was investigated. For this purpose, two independent techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analytical system (SEMEDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The biomass was exposed to two microelemental solutions, with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. After two weeks of the experiment, macroalga accumulated 98.5 mg of Zn(II) ions in 1 g of dry biomass and 68.9 mg g−1of Cu(II) ions. Micrographs performed by SEM proved that bioaccumulation occurred. Metal ions were bound on the surface and in the interior of cells. Mappings of all cations showed that in the case of the surface of biomass (biosorption), the elements constituted aggregations and in the case of the cross section (bioaccumulation) they were evenly distributed. The algal biomass with permanently bound microelements can find an application in many branches of the industry (feed, natural fertilizers, etc.).

GROWTH AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 CRYSTALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEXIA FAN ◽  
HONGTAO LI ◽  
LIANCHENG ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Congruent Ce (0.1 wt %): Cu (0.05 wt %): LiNbO 3 single crystals doped with 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 mol% MgO respectively were grown by the Czochrolski method in air along the C direction. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission/mass spectrometry (ICP-OE/MS), the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the differential thermal analysis (DTA), the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and the infrared (IR) absorption spectrum were measured and discussed in terms of the spectroscopic characterization and the defect structure of the Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO 3 crystals. The results indicated that the Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO 3 crystal grown from the congruent composition melt showed large [ Li ]/[ Nb ] ratios, which was closer to stoichiometry, an increase in the Curie temperature and a non-linear shift in the absorption edge with MgO concentration increasing. The threshold concentration of MgO in Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO 3 of nearly 5.52 mol% was estimated.

scholarly journals Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1957-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Wojnarowicz ◽  
Sylwia Kusnieruk ◽  
Tadeusz Chudoba ◽  
Stanislaw Gierlotka ◽  
Witold Lojkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
State Present

Zinc oxide nanopowders doped with 1–15 mol % cobalt were produced by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) technique. The obtained nanoparticles were annealed at 800 °C in nitrogen (99.999%) and in synthetic air. The material nanostructure was investigated by means of the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry density, specific surface area (SSA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and with magnetometry using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Irrespective of the Co content, nanoparticles in their initial state present a similar morphology. They are composed of loosely agglomerated spherical particles with wurtzite-type crystal structure with crystallites of a mean size of 30 nm. Annealing to temperatures of up to 800 °C induced the growth of crystallites up to a maximum of 2 μm in diameter. For samples annealed in high purity nitrogen, the precipitation of metallic α-Co was detected for a Co content of 5 mol % or more. For samples annealed in synthetic air, no change of phase structure was detected, except for precipitation of Co3O4 for a Co content of 15 mol %. The results of the magentometry investigation indicated that all as-synthesized samples displayed paramagnetic properties with a contribution of anti-ferromagnetic coupling of Co–Co pairs. After annealing in synthetic air, the samples remained paramagnetic and samples annealed under nitrogen flow showed a magnetic response under the influences of a magnetic field, likely related to the precipitation of metallic Co in nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
Domingo Gimeno ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract This work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite by using a kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). The kaolin is calcined at a temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with calculated quantities of NaOH. The synthesis runs are carried out at ambient pressure and at variable temperatures of 65 ° and 100 °C. For the first time compared to the past, the Na-P1 zeolite is synthesized without the use of additives and through a protocol that reduces both temperatures and synthesis times. The synthesis products are analysed by X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The cell parameters are calculated using the Rietveld method. Density and specific surface area are also calculated. The absence of amorphous phases and impurities in synthetic powders is verified through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.The results make the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Electrodeposition of Silver and Tungsten from [EMIm]Cl:AlCl3 Ionic Liquids outside the Glove Box

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dominik Höhlich ◽  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Ingolf Scharf ◽  
Thomas Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Phase System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Simultaneous Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrodeposition Of Silver

Ag–W two-phase system was prepared by electrodeposition using anhydrous 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [EMIm]Cl ionic-liquid (IL) solution with AlCl3 in different ratios. The deposition took place outside the glove box with a continuous Ar stream over the electrolyte at 120 °C and a pulsed-like current regime. Resultant layers show areas of Ag and W with an overall W content with a mass fraction of w W   = 50% (mole fraction x W   = 36.9%). The phase composition of Ag–W layers was observed by X-ray diffraction, and the chemical composition was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.

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