scholarly journals Grafting in Horticultural Crop Species: Effective Pest and Disease Management Technique with Potential in Michoacan, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Álvarez-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Crop Species

scholarly journals Seed Treatments for Disease Control

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
Nancy W. Callan ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Crop Establishment

Disease management is an important step in any crop establishment system. Emergence of field-seeded crops may take several weeks for many species and represents a vulnerable stage of plant growth. This paper considers various biological, chemical, and physical seed treatments for improved seed performance. The role of seed quality and cultural practices in seedling establishment also is reviewed. Multidisciplinary approaches to improving horticultural crop establishment are promising.

scholarly journals A high-quality Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) genome

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haolin Wu ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Minghui Kang ◽  
Fandi Ai ◽  
Junlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genome ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Protein Coding

Abstract Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value. Two versions of the A. chinensis genomes have been previously assembled, based mainly on relatively short reads. Here, we report an improved chromosome-level reference genome of A. chinensis (v3.0), based mainly on PacBio long reads and Hi-C data. The high-quality assembled genome is 653 Mb long, with 0.76% heterozygosity. At least 43% of the genome consists of repetitive sequences, and the most abundant long terminal repeats were further identified and account for 23.38% of our novel genome. It has clear improvements in contiguity, accuracy, and gene annotation over the two previous versions and contains 40,464 annotated protein-coding genes, of which 94.41% are functionally annotated. Moreover, further analyses of genetic collinearity revealed that the kiwifruit genome has undergone two whole-genome duplications: one affecting all Ericales families near the K-T extinction event and a recent genus-specific duplication. The reference genome presented here will be highly useful for further molecular elucidation of diverse traits and for the breeding of this horticultural crop, as well as evolutionary studies with related taxa.

scholarly journals Molecular functions of nitric oxide and its potential applications in horticultural crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengliang Sun ◽  
Yuxue Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Liu ◽  
Baohai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Effective Use

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) regulates plant growth, enhances nutrient uptake, and activates disease and stress tolerance mechanisms in most plants, making NO a potential tool for use in improving the yield and quality of horticultural crop species. Although the use of NO in horticulture is still in its infancy, research on NO in model plant species has provided an abundance of valuable information on horticultural crop species. Emerging evidence implies that the bioactivity of NO can occur through many potential mechanisms but occurs mainly through S-nitrosation, the covalent and reversible attachment of NO to cysteine thiol. In this context, NO signaling specifically affects crop development, immunity, and environmental interactions. Moreover, NO can act as a fumigant against a wide range of postharvest diseases and pests. However, for effective use of NO in horticulture, both understanding and exploring the biological significance and potential mechanisms of NO in horticultural crop species are critical. This review provides a picture of our current understanding of how NO is synthesized and transduced in plants, and particular attention is given to the significance of NO in breaking seed dormancy, balancing root growth and development, enhancing nutrient acquisition, mediating stress responses, and guaranteeing food safety for horticultural production.

scholarly journals Methyl jasmonate mediates melatonin-induced cold tolerance of grafted watermelon plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Yanliang Guo ◽  
Zhixiang Lan ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Jingjing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Induced Tolerance ◽  
Figleaf Gourd

AbstractRoot–shoot communication has a critical role in plant adaptation to environmental stress. Grafting is widely applied to enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of many horticultural crop species; however, the signal transduction mechanism involved in this tolerance remains unknown. Here, we show that pumpkin- or figleaf gourd rootstock-enhanced cold tolerance of watermelon shoots is accompanied by increases in the accumulation of melatonin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Increased melatonin levels in leaves were associated with both increased melatonin in rootstocks and MeJA-induced melatonin biosynthesis in leaves of plants under cold stress. Exogenous melatonin increased the accumulation of MeJA and H2O2 and enhanced cold tolerance, while inhibition of melatonin accumulation attenuated rootstock-induced MeJA and H2O2 accumulation and cold tolerance. MeJA application induced H2O2 accumulation and cold tolerance, but inhibition of JA biosynthesis abolished rootstock- or melatonin-induced H2O2 accumulation and cold tolerance. Additionally, inhibition of H2O2 production attenuated MeJA-induced tolerance to cold stress. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin is involved in grafting-induced cold tolerance by inducing the accumulation of MeJA and H2O2. MeJA subsequently increases melatonin accumulation, forming a self-amplifying feedback loop that leads to increased H2O2 accumulation and cold tolerance. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of rootstock-induced cold tolerance.

scholarly journals Productivity and Characteristics of American Elderberry in Response to Various Pruning Methods

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Thomas ◽  
Patrick L. Byers ◽  
Mark R. Ellersieck
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Harvest Efficiency ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pruning Methods

American elderberry [Sambucus canadensis L.; Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) Bolli] is being increasingly cultivated in North America for its edible fruit and flowers, yet it remains largely undeveloped as a horticultural crop. Elderberry is a shrub that produces fruit on both new and old wood, thereby offering unique pruning management opportunities and challenges. The objective of this study was to document the response of American elderberry to various pruning methods in terms of flowering, fruit yield, phenology, plant growth, and incidence of disease and arthropod pests and to consider the impact of various pruning methods on horticultural management. Four pruning treatments (annual removal of all shoots, biannual removal of all shoots, annual selective pruning, and no pruning) were studied among three cultivars at two Missouri sites over 5 years. Although significant interactions among experimental effects made interpretation challenging, several trends were evident. Annual selective pruning was an excellent way to manage elderberries with mean yields of 1086 g/plant across all experimental parameters; however, pruning to the ground annually or biannually also resulted in satisfactory yields (855 and 1085 g/plant, respectively) with a fraction of pruning labor involved. Pruning plants to the ground consistently resulted in fewer, but larger, fruiting cymes compared with selectively pruned or unpruned plants, which may be important in terms of harvest efficiency. Pruning treatment generally affected the time of flowering and fruit ripening; plants that flowered only on new stems (after removal of all shoots) ripened fruit 14 to 21 days later than plants that fruited on old wood. Although annually pruned plants generally yielded lower, the plants remained vigorous and productive, and this pruning management technique may have numerous advantages over other pruning methods.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

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