scholarly journals Transit-Oriented Development Interactions on Existing Metro Systems: The Need for the Design of Adequate Structural Monitoring System and the Experience from International Projects

Author(s):  
Evangelos Astreinidis
Author(s):  
Martin Lollesgaard ◽  
Rasmus Brøndum

<p>The monitoring system on the Great Belt Bridge has been under a renewal process for the last 4 years. <p>Worn down sensors for alarm and maintenance purposes have been replaced by new more appropriate sensors. <p>A new structural health monitoring system for maintenance with a database and a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed. The software collects and stores measurement data from a large number of sensors on both the cable‐suspended East Bridge and the low‐level West Bridge. From summer 2018 more than 400 sensors can be monitored from one GUI. More sensors are following in 2019. <p>The project has been carried out by Rambøll as client consultant and Krabbenhøft & Ingolfsson as main contractor.


1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
David J. Witmer ◽  
Jack W. Lewis

BP Oil Company time-charters a fleet of American-flag tankers for the ocean transportation of crude oil and petroleum products to the East, West and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Commencing in 1991, ship response and structural monitoring instrumentation was installed on the four ships of the Atigun Pass-class. These crude carriers are operated in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Service, or "TAPS" trade, sailing the waters of the North Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Alaska. The structural monitoring systems were designed to measure the effects of subjecting a ship to the typical loads and forces encountered while at sea: hogging, sagging, slamming, hydrostatic pressure, and hull girder springing. Additionally, BP was interested in developing a system that could provide shiphandling guidance to the master or watch officer so that the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to such loads and forces could be effectively minimized. The paper describes in detail the physical arrangement of the BP Oil Tanker Structural Monitoring System (BPSMS), including the suite of sensors employed to measure ship responses and hull girder stresses. It explains how the response data collected by the sensors is analyzed by the onboard computer located on the ship's bridge and how ship response data are presented back to the deck officers via a family of display monitor screens. These displays provide the officers with a "tool" that can be used to effectively monitor the physical and structural response of their ship to waves, and to quantify, in terms of lowering the wave bending moment and reducing the risk of slamming, the result of an action or actions taken to minimize the risk of incurring structural damage. Onboard ship response and structural monitoring is now an integral part of BP's tanker fleet structural management program. The units have greatly increased the awareness of the ship's officers regarding their role in helping to control the amount of structural damage done to the ships. Data from the units have also helped management make more informed decisions regarding operational requirements placed on the ships.


2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Haiwen Cai ◽  
Robert Pastore ◽  
Jing Ju ◽  
Debing Zeng ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Andrew Salzberg ◽  
Shomik Mehndiratta ◽  
Zhi Liu

This paper provides an overview of the recent development of urban rail systems in Chinese cites and the challenges ahead. China is set to become the world leader in length of metro lines in operation in the near to medium term. In view of the large scale of this investment, a focus on the overall economic and financial viability of these systems is needed. On the basis of analytical work supporting a project investment in the city of Kunming and a study tour of urban rail systems in China, this paper highlights four areas believed to be crucial in meeting these objectives: integration of new metro systems with existing systems of public transport, a supportive overall urban transport policy, transit-oriented development, and long-term financial sustainability. The conclusion is that in all of these areas, China possesses tools that may enable the program to succeed if they are used effectively and in concert. Any issues appear to result from a lack of attention to these four areas and from a managerial focus on ensuring the completion of the construction program above all other concerns. The RMB 1 trillion investment in urban rail construction under way in China needs to be a catalyst for joint action on the issues identified in this paper (RMB 1 is approximately US$0.15). Otherwise, Chinese cities may be left with an investment that carries large long-term costs and does not deliver the crucial economic benefits expected.


2015 ◽  
Vol 594 ◽  
pp. 012049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Fedorov ◽  
Vladimir Lazarev ◽  
Ilya Makhrov ◽  
Nikolay Pozhar ◽  
Maxim Anufriev ◽  
...  

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