scholarly journals Cacao Growth and Development Under Different Nursery and Field Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu Babadele Famuwagun ◽  
Samuel Ohi Agele
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Conditions

scholarly journals Influence of prometryne (Gesagard 50) on pectic substances and calcium contents in the above-ground parts of the field pea (Pisum arvense L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Renata Ciszewska ◽  
Anna Sykut ◽  
Jadwiga Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fraction of protopectins) and calcium (free and bound) in field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) leaves and stems during budding and flowering in field conditions was determined. In this experiment Gesagard 50 (S. A. - 50% prometryne) was applied to the soil in a weed control dose (2 kg/ha). An insignificant decrease of the content of protopectins and total pectins in leaves of the investigated plants (about 3-7% in relation to control) after application of this herbicide was noted, hut analogous changes in all years of the experiment were not observed in field pea stems. The influence of prometryne on the distribution of pectic substances in above-ground parts of the field pea and the degree of protopectins methylation were not corroborated. Neither did the total calcium content in the investigated plants change after application ofthe herbicide. These results show that application of Gesagard 50 in a weed control dose (2 kg/ha) in cultivation of field pea does not evoke changes in the investigated components content which might be of significance in the growth and development of plant cells and immunity reactions of plants.

GROWTH AND OIL YIELD PARAMETERS OF THE Capsicum annuum VAR aviculare ASSOCIATED TO THE BENEFICIAL BACTERIUM Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AND Azospirillum halopraeferens UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

Biotecnia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
José Luis García Hernández ◽  
María Cristina Ruíz Alvarado ◽  
Pablo Preciado Rangel ◽  
Alejandra Nieto-Garibay ◽  
Bernardo Murillo-Amador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Beneficial Bacterium ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Native Strains

Capsicum annuum var. aviculare is one of the most extremely hot chilies, measuring between 50,000 and 100,000 Scoville Units. In the present work we studied the growth and development of chiltepin (Mazocahui), under field conditions, inoculated with previously selected and cultivated native strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azospirillum halopraeferens. The seed was inoculated by the vacuum technique, and later at 34, 120, 180 and 210 days after germination. A drip irrigation system with a salinity (TDS) = 0.8 ppt was used. The results show that germination is significantly favored by the promoter effect caused by the beneficial bacteria. These inoculants increased some parameters of growth and development. We found significant differences regarding the control for the total weight and length of root and stem of the plants, as well as the total content of proteins, and in some parts of the plant analyzed as stem and leaf. Both bacteria increased fruit yield in the Mazocahui genotype. Our findings suggest that the application of strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azospirillum halopraeferens, influence the increase in yield of Capsicum annuum var. aviculare, under field conditions. In addition, the data show the usefulness of the inoculation of chiltepin seed for agricultural producers in semi-arid areas where salinity is a problem.

Application of Lignosilicon and Azobacterine for Biological Agriculture

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
I. Serģe ◽  
G. Biteniece ◽  
G. Teliševa ◽  
G. Ļebedeva ◽  
A. Lielpētere
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

Influence of Lignosilicon – plant growth and development activator, synthesized by IWC on the basis of wood chemical processing waste, and "Azotobakterin" bacterial products commercially produced by Bioefekts Ltd, on oats quality and harwest were tested in field conditions. Products were added to oat seeds into the box of seeding – machine before sowing. Three variants (each field of 1 ha) with different dosages of products applied were used: 10 and 40 kg/ha of lignosilicon and 400 g/ha of azotobacterin. It was shown that on the background of all products tested the harvest of oat increased significantly, vegetation time shortened, plant resistance to diseases increased, grain quality improved; most of all this indices changed positively on the background of lignosilicon (dosage of 40 kg/ha). The results obtained have demonstrated that lignosilicon and azotobacterin has good prospects for biological agriculture.

Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azospirillum halopraeferens on the growth and development of two Salicornia bigelovii genotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Rueda-Puente ◽  
T. Castellanos ◽  
E. Troyo-Diéguez ◽  
J. L. Díaz de León-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Salicornia Bigelovii ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Plant Length

Growth and development of 2 pickleweed (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.) genotypes, a local wild type and cultivar, SOS-10, were studied under field conditions. When inoculated with the previously selected and cultivated native strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azospirillum halopraeferens, the 2 pickleweed genotypes exhibited increases in some of the growth and development parameters measured, such as weight, plant length and biochemical characteristics, including total protein, ash and total lipid content in selected plant parts. Our findings suggest that yields of both genotypes of S. bigelovii, under field conditions, can be enhanced by the application of K. pneumoniae or A. halopraeferens strains. The potential usefulness of S. bigelovii for agricultural producers in coastal semi-arid zones has been shown elsewhere; our findings suggest that the establishment and growth of this halophyte can be experimentally improved using beneficial bacteria as auxiliary biofertilisers.

scholarly journals Wpływ linuronu (Afalonu) i nawożenia mineralnego na zawartość cukrów redukujqeych oraz niektórych skladników sciany komórkowej w peluszce (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of linuron (Afalon) and mineral fertilization on the content of reducing sugars and some components of cell wall in field pea (Pisum arvense L.)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
R. Ciszewska ◽  
J. Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of reducing sugars, soluble pectins, protopectins and free and bound calcium in above-ground parts of field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) during budding and flowering in field conditions was determined. In this experiment different mineral fertilization and Afalon (linuron) were used. Afalon was applied to the soil in weed control dose (1 kg/ha A.S.). The significant influence of linuron and the level of fertilization on the content of determined components in investigated material was not corroborated. The content of pectic substances, first of all, was dependend on phase of vegetation. The differences in the content of calcium were related to distribution in above-ground parts of investigated plants. The tendency to reduction of the content of reducing sugars after application of linuron was observed only during budding of field pea. The received resultes show that linuron used in weed control doses has not evoked unprofitable changes in the content of investigated components of cell wall which they could the significance in the growth and development and in some immunity reactions of plants.

scholarly journals Effects of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii on growth and development of Pelophylax perezi tadpoles in field conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
S. Saura–Mas ◽  
L. Benejam
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Pelophylax Perezi

Introduced predatory aquatic invertebrates may contribute to the global decline of amphibians as their larval are extremely vulnerable to predators. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the predatory invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii on the growth and development of native Iberian green frog tadpoles, Pelophylax perezi, in field conditions. We hypothesized that P. clarkii might affect P. perezi development by (a) inducing a delay in its metamorphosis and (b) reducing survival and mass of metamorphs. The experiment was developed in two ponds (with and without P. clarkii’s presence) in the Natural Park of Aiguamolls de l’Empordà (NE of the Iberian Peninsula). For each pond, groups of 10 tadpoles were randomly assigned to 15 cylindrical field enclosures. These enclosures avoided direct contact (i.e. predation) between both species. Our results suggest that, in field conditions, the presence of P. clarkii accelerates metamorphosis of P. perezi tadpoles. The higher growth rate of P. perezi through shorter larval periods could be the result of behavioural plasticity in response to the strong pressure imposed by P. clarkii. This conclusion would be in accordance with the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in the conservation of P. perezi in front of biological invasions.

scholarly journals The viability of hybrid potato seeds and material loss during first-year seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
A. A. Podhaietskyi ◽  
L. V. Kruichko ◽  
M. O. Hnitetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Positive Effect

As a result of the experiment, low germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds in single combinations of interspecific and intervarietal origin were revealed. At the same time, in most cases the manifestation of indicators was high – up to 100%. Significant differences were established between populations, their blocks in terms of plant losses at each of the stages of obtaining the first year seedlings: for growing plants in seed boxes, greenhouses and in field conditions. In general, about half of the plants of the combinations in the blocks with the mother forms of the varieties Verdi and Podoliya fell out during cultivation in seed boxes. Positive effect – the losses were twice less, obtained in combinations where the pollinator used the Podolia variety. The same was observed in the process of growing plants in a greenhouse, but was not confirmed during the growth and development of plants in the field. Key words: potatoes, hybrid seeds, interspecific, intervarietal crosses, germination energy, laboratory germination, plant losses in seed boxes, greenhouse and field.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

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