scholarly journals Wpływ linuronu (Afalonu) i nawożenia mineralnego na zawartość cukrów redukujqeych oraz niektórych skladników sciany komórkowej w peluszce (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of linuron (Afalon) and mineral fertilization on the content of reducing sugars and some components of cell wall in field pea (Pisum arvense L.)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
R. Ciszewska ◽  
J. Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of reducing sugars, soluble pectins, protopectins and free and bound calcium in above-ground parts of field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) during budding and flowering in field conditions was determined. In this experiment different mineral fertilization and Afalon (linuron) were used. Afalon was applied to the soil in weed control dose (1 kg/ha A.S.). The significant influence of linuron and the level of fertilization on the content of determined components in investigated material was not corroborated. The content of pectic substances, first of all, was dependend on phase of vegetation. The differences in the content of calcium were related to distribution in above-ground parts of investigated plants. The tendency to reduction of the content of reducing sugars after application of linuron was observed only during budding of field pea. The received resultes show that linuron used in weed control doses has not evoked unprofitable changes in the content of investigated components of cell wall which they could the significance in the growth and development and in some immunity reactions of plants.

scholarly journals Influence of prometryne (Gesagard 50) on pectic substances and calcium contents in the above-ground parts of the field pea (Pisum arvense L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Renata Ciszewska ◽  
Anna Sykut ◽  
Jadwiga Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fraction of protopectins) and calcium (free and bound) in field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) leaves and stems during budding and flowering in field conditions was determined. In this experiment Gesagard 50 (S. A. - 50% prometryne) was applied to the soil in a weed control dose (2 kg/ha). An insignificant decrease of the content of protopectins and total pectins in leaves of the investigated plants (about 3-7% in relation to control) after application of this herbicide was noted, hut analogous changes in all years of the experiment were not observed in field pea stems. The influence of prometryne on the distribution of pectic substances in above-ground parts of the field pea and the degree of protopectins methylation were not corroborated. Neither did the total calcium content in the investigated plants change after application ofthe herbicide. These results show that application of Gesagard 50 in a weed control dose (2 kg/ha) in cultivation of field pea does not evoke changes in the investigated components content which might be of significance in the growth and development of plant cells and immunity reactions of plants.

scholarly journals Wpływ niektórych herbicydów triazynowych i zróżnicowanego nawożenia mineralnego na zawartość cukrów redukujqcych w peluszce (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of some triazine herbicides and different mineral fertilization on the content of reducing sugars in the field pea (Pisum arvense L,)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
R. Ciszewska ◽  
J. Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Two Phases

The content of reducing sugars in field pea leaves and stems (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) during two phases of vegetation (budding and flowering) in field conditions was determined. In this experiment two levels of mineral fertilization and simazine (Gesatop-50) and prometryne (Gesagard-50) were used.

scholarly journals Wpływ linuronu (Afalonu) i zróżnicoiuanego natuożenia mineralnego na zawartość substancji pektynowych w liściach peluszki (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of linuron (Afalon) and different mineral fertilization on the content of pectic substances in leaves of field pea (Pisum arvense L.)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
R. Ciszewska ◽  
J. Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fractions of protopectins in field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) leaves during vegetation in field conditions were determined. The influence of linuron (Afalon) and different mineral fertilization on the content of various fractions of pectic substances and rate of protopectins methylation was investigated.

scholarly journals Wpływ symazyny (Gesatopu-50) na zawartość i rozmieszczenie substancji pektynowych oraz wapnia w częściach nadziemnych peluszki (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of simazine (Gesatop-50) on the content and distribution of pectic substances and calcium in above-ground parts of field pea (Pisum arvense L.)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Renata Ciszewska ◽  
Jadwiga Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fractions of protopectins) and calcium (free and bound) in field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) leaves and stem during vegetation in field conditions were determined. The influence of simazine on the content of various fractions of pectic substances and degree of protopectins methylation and calcium was investigated.

Progress towards no-till organic weed control in western Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Manure Crops

AbstractOrganic farmers in western Canada rely on tillage to control weeds and incorporate crop residues that could plug mechanical weed-control implements. However, tillage significantly increases the risk of soil erosion. For farmers seeking to reduce or eliminate tillage, potential alternatives include mowing or using a roller crimper for terminating green manure crops (cover crops) or using a minimum tillage (min-till) rotary hoe for mechanically controlling weeds. Although many researchers have studied organic crop production in western Canada, few have studied no-till organic production practices. Two studies were recently conducted in Saskatchewan to determine the efficacy of the following alternatives to tillage: mowing and roller crimping for weed control, and min-till rotary hoeing weed control in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first study compared mowing and roller crimping with tillage when terminating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and field pea green manure crops. Early termination of annual green manure crops with roller crimping or mowing resulted in less weed regrowth compared with tillage. When compared with faba bean, field pea produced greater crop biomass, suppressed weeds better and had less regrowth. Wheat yields following pea were not affected by the method of termination. Thus, this first study indicated that roller crimping and mowing are viable alternatives to tillage to terminate field pea green manure crops. The second study evaluated the tolerance and efficacy of a min-till rotary harrow in no-till field pea production. The min-till rotary hoe was able to operate in no-till cereal residues and multiple passes did not affect the level of residue cover. Field pea exhibited excellent tolerance to the min-till rotary hoe. Good weed control occurred with multiple rotary hoe passes, and pea seed yield was 87% of the yield obtained in the herbicide-treated check. Therefore, this second study demonstrated that min-till rotary hoeing effectively controls many small seeded annual weeds in the presence of crop residue and thus can reduce the need for tillage in organic-cropping systems.

Model studies on behaviour of pectic substances in the potato cell wall during boiling

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. H. Keijbets ◽  
W. Pilnik ◽  
J. F. A. Vaal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Pectic Substances ◽  
Potato Cell

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

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