scholarly journals Epigenetic Biomarkers and Their Therapeutic Applications in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antja-Voy Hartley ◽  
Matthew Martin ◽  
Tao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Fecal DNA Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Carethers
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Fecal Dna ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Stool Dna

Fecal (or stool) DNA examination is a noninvasive strategy recommended by several medical professional societies for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average-risk individuals. Fecal DNA tests assay stool for human DNA shed principally from the colon. Colonic lesions such as adenomatous and serrated polyps and cancers exfoliate cells containing neoplastically altered DNA that may be detected by sensitive assays that target specific genetic and epigenetic biomarkers to discriminate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic tissue. Cross-sectional validation studies confirmed initial case-control studies’ assessment of performance of an optimized multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test, leading to approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014. Compared to colonoscopy, mt-sDNA showed sensitivity of 92% for detection of CRC, much higher than the 74% sensitivity of another recommended noninvasive strategy, fecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Detections of advanced adenomas and sessile serrated polyps were higher with mt-sDNA than FIT (42% versus 24% and 42% versus 5%, respectively), but overall specificity for all lesions was lower (87% versus 95%). The mt-sDNA test increases patient life-years gained in CRC screening simulations, but its cost relative to other screening strategies needs to be reduced by 80–90% or its sensitivity for polyp detection enhanced to be cost effective. Noninvasive CRC screening strategies such as fecal DNA, however, have the potential to significantly increase national screening rates due to their noninvasive nature and convenience for patients.

scholarly journals Combination of Selenium and Green Tea Improves the Efficacy of Chemoprevention in a Rat Colorectal Cancer Model by Modulating Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e64362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hu ◽  
Graeme H. McIntosh ◽  
Richard K. Le Leu ◽  
Laura S. Nyskohus ◽  
Richard J. Woodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Epigenetic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: premises and prospects

Biomarkers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhdeh Zamani ◽  
Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Pooneh Mokarram
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

scholarly journals Using Comorbidity Pattern Analysis to Detect Reliable Methylated Genes in Colorectal Cancer Verified by Stool DNA Test

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Yi-Chiao Cheng ◽  
Po-Hsien Wu ◽  
Yen-Ju Chen ◽  
Cing-Han Yang ◽  
Jhen-Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genome Wide

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020. Colonoscopy and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are commonly used as CRC screening tests, but both types of tests possess different limitations. Recently, liquid biopsy-based DNA methylation test has become a powerful tool for cancer screening, and the detection of abnormal DNA methylation in stool specimens is considered as an effective approach for CRC screening. The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach in biomarker selection based on integrating primary biomarkers from genome-wide methylation profiles and secondary biomarkers from CRC comorbidity analytics. A total of 125 differential methylated probes (DMPs) were identified as primary biomarkers from 352 genome-wide methylation profiles. Among them, 51 biomarkers, including 48 hypermethylated DMPs and 3 hypomethylated DMPs, were considered as suitable DMP candidates for CRC screening tests. After comparing with commercial kits, three genes (ADHFE1, SDC2, and PPP2R5C) were selected as candidate epigenetic biomarkers for CRC screening tests. Methylation levels of these three biomarkers were significantly higher for patients with CRC than normal subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of integrating methylated ADHFE1, SDC2, and PPP2R5C for CRC detection achieved 84.6% and 92.3%, respectively. Through an integrated approach using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and electronic medical records, we could design a biomarker panel that allows for early and accurate noninvasive detection of CRC using stool samples.

Epigenetic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Verma ◽  
Vineet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Epigenetic biomarkers in colorectal cancer diagnostics

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B Rawson ◽  
Bharati Bapat
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

scholarly journals Screening for Colorectal Cancer Leading into a New Decade: The “Roaring ‘20s” for Epigenetic Biomarkers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 4874-4893
Author(s):  
Hélder Almeida-Lousada ◽  
André Mestre ◽  
Sara Ramalhete ◽  
Aryeh J. Price ◽  
Ramon Andrade de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has an important bearing (top five) on cancer incidence and mortality in the world. The etiology of sporadic CRC is related to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that result in the appearance of cancer hallmarks such as abnormal proliferation, evasion of immune destruction, resistance to apoptosis, replicative immortality, and others, contributing to cancer promotion, invasion, and metastasis. It is estimated that, each year, at least four million people are diagnosed with CRC in the world. Depending on CRC staging at diagnosis, many of these patients die, as CRC is in the top four causes of cancer death in the world. New and improved screening tests for CRC are needed to detect the disease at an early stage and adopt patient management strategies to decrease the death toll. The three pillars of CRC screening are endoscopy, radiological imaging, and molecular assays. Endoscopic procedures comprise traditional colonoscopy, and more recently, capsule-based endoscopy. The main imaging modality remains Computed Tomography (CT) of the colon. Molecular approaches continue to grow in the diversity of biomarkers and the sophistication of the technologies deployed to detect them. What started with simple fecal occult blood tests has expanded to an armamentarium, including mutation detection and identification of aberrant epigenetic signatures known to be oncogenic. Biomarker-based screening methods have critical advantages and are likely to eclipse the classical modalities of imaging and endoscopy in the future. For example, imaging methods are costly and require highly specialized medical personnel. In the case of endoscopy, their invasiveness limits compliance from large swaths of the population, especially those with average CRC risk. Beyond mere discomfort and fear, there are legitimate iatrogenic concerns associated with endoscopy. The risks of perforation and infection make endoscopy best suited for a confirmatory role in cases where there are positive results from other diagnostic tests. Biomarker-based screening methods are largely non-invasive and are growing in scope. Epigenetic biomarkers, in particular, can be detected in feces and blood, are less invasive to the average-risk patient, detect early-stage CRC, and have a demonstrably superior patient follow-up. Given the heterogeneity of CRC as it evolves, optimal screening may require a battery of blood and stool tests, where each can leverage different pathways perturbed during carcinogenesis. What follows is a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature pertaining to the screening and diagnostic protocols used in CRC. Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using keywords including: “Screening”, “Diagnosis”, and “Biomarkers for CRC”. American and European clinical trials in progress were included as well

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document