Epigenetic biomarkers in colorectal cancer diagnostics

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B Rawson ◽  
Bharati Bapat
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Fecal DNA Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Carethers
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Fecal Dna ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Stool Dna

Fecal (or stool) DNA examination is a noninvasive strategy recommended by several medical professional societies for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average-risk individuals. Fecal DNA tests assay stool for human DNA shed principally from the colon. Colonic lesions such as adenomatous and serrated polyps and cancers exfoliate cells containing neoplastically altered DNA that may be detected by sensitive assays that target specific genetic and epigenetic biomarkers to discriminate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic tissue. Cross-sectional validation studies confirmed initial case-control studies’ assessment of performance of an optimized multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test, leading to approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014. Compared to colonoscopy, mt-sDNA showed sensitivity of 92% for detection of CRC, much higher than the 74% sensitivity of another recommended noninvasive strategy, fecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Detections of advanced adenomas and sessile serrated polyps were higher with mt-sDNA than FIT (42% versus 24% and 42% versus 5%, respectively), but overall specificity for all lesions was lower (87% versus 95%). The mt-sDNA test increases patient life-years gained in CRC screening simulations, but its cost relative to other screening strategies needs to be reduced by 80–90% or its sensitivity for polyp detection enhanced to be cost effective. Noninvasive CRC screening strategies such as fecal DNA, however, have the potential to significantly increase national screening rates due to their noninvasive nature and convenience for patients.

Identification of MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics: An In silico approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka ◽  
Ashley Pretorius ◽  
Ashwil Klein
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics

scholarly journals Combination of Selenium and Green Tea Improves the Efficacy of Chemoprevention in a Rat Colorectal Cancer Model by Modulating Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e64362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hu ◽  
Graeme H. McIntosh ◽  
Richard K. Le Leu ◽  
Laura S. Nyskohus ◽  
Richard J. Woodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Epigenetic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: premises and prospects

Biomarkers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhdeh Zamani ◽  
Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Pooneh Mokarram
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

scholarly journals Using Comorbidity Pattern Analysis to Detect Reliable Methylated Genes in Colorectal Cancer Verified by Stool DNA Test

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Yi-Chiao Cheng ◽  
Po-Hsien Wu ◽  
Yen-Ju Chen ◽  
Cing-Han Yang ◽  
Jhen-Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genome Wide

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020. Colonoscopy and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are commonly used as CRC screening tests, but both types of tests possess different limitations. Recently, liquid biopsy-based DNA methylation test has become a powerful tool for cancer screening, and the detection of abnormal DNA methylation in stool specimens is considered as an effective approach for CRC screening. The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach in biomarker selection based on integrating primary biomarkers from genome-wide methylation profiles and secondary biomarkers from CRC comorbidity analytics. A total of 125 differential methylated probes (DMPs) were identified as primary biomarkers from 352 genome-wide methylation profiles. Among them, 51 biomarkers, including 48 hypermethylated DMPs and 3 hypomethylated DMPs, were considered as suitable DMP candidates for CRC screening tests. After comparing with commercial kits, three genes (ADHFE1, SDC2, and PPP2R5C) were selected as candidate epigenetic biomarkers for CRC screening tests. Methylation levels of these three biomarkers were significantly higher for patients with CRC than normal subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of integrating methylated ADHFE1, SDC2, and PPP2R5C for CRC detection achieved 84.6% and 92.3%, respectively. Through an integrated approach using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and electronic medical records, we could design a biomarker panel that allows for early and accurate noninvasive detection of CRC using stool samples.

scholarly journals Colonoscopy in colorectal cancer diagnostics - the most frequently asked questions and dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Kukic
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Screening And Surveillance

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequent illness of all carcinomas with an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in highly developed countries. 75% of patients with colorectal cancer are older than 65 years. It is believed that 66-75% of colorectal cancer could be avoided through healthy lifestyle. 75% of colorectal cancer arise from adenomatous polyp but more than 90% of adenomas will not progress to carcinoma. Colonoscopy has become the preferred method for evaluation of lower digestive symptoms and detection and treatment of colon pathology, and is considered to be the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance. Aim of this paper is to resolve some dilemmas and answer the most frequently asked questions from primary care physicians about colonoscopy such as indications, contraindications, the role of colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening, how often colonoscopy should be repeated, why it is so important to prepare colon and patients for colonoscopy and what type of complications can happen.

New Opportunities for Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics Using an Optical Cell Detection System Based on Dielectrophoresis

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kruchinina ◽  
Ya. I. Prudnikova ◽  
A. A. Gromov ◽  
V. M. Generalov ◽  
K. V. Generalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Optical Cell

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy in Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics: Comparison of PCA-LDA and PLS-DA Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Liu ◽  
Zhaotian Sun ◽  
Jinyu Chen ◽  
Chuanbo Jing
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Raman spectra of human colorectal tissue samples were employed to diagnose colorectal cancer. High-quality Raman spectra were acquired from normal and cancerous colorectal tissues from 81 patients. Subtle Raman variations, such as for peaks at 1134 cm−1 (protein, C-C/C-N stretching) and 1297 cm−1 (lipid, C-H2 twisting), were observed between normal and cancerous colorectal tissues. The average peak intensity at 1134 and 1297 cm−1 was increased from approximately 235 and 72 in the normal group, respectively, to 315 and 273 in the cancer group. The variations of Raman spectra reflected the changes of cell molecules during canceration. The multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), together with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation, were employed to build the discrimination model. PCA-LDA was used to evaluate the capability of this approach for classifying colorectal cancer, resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of 79.2%. Further PLS-DA modeling yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 84.3% for colorectal cancer detection. Thus, the PLS-DA model is preferable between the two to discriminate cancerous from normal tissues. Our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can be used with an optimized multivariate data analysis model as a sensitive diagnostic alternative to identify pathological changes in the colon at the molecular level.

Epigenetic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Verma ◽  
Vineet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers
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