scholarly journals Summary of Some Selected Characterization Methods of Geopolymers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattaguru Ananthapadmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Characterization Methods

Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization Methods Development Work

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis L Smith ◽  
Zhegang Ma ◽  
Tom Riley ◽  
Diego Mandelli ◽  
Joseph W Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Methods Development

Design and characterization methods for a balanced antenna integrated in a small sensor node

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hallbjorner ◽  
Shi Cheng ◽  
A. Rydberg ◽  
D. Vanotterdijk ◽  
P. van Engen
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Characterization Methods

scholarly journals State-of-the-art methods and devices for generation, exposure, and collection of aerosols from e-vapor products

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732097975
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Boué ◽  
Didier Goedertier ◽  
Julia Hoeng ◽  
Anita Iskandar ◽  
Arkadiusz K Kuczaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Aerosol Generation

E-vapor products (EVP) have become popular alternatives for cigarette smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. EVP research is challenging and complex, mostly because of the numerous and rapidly evolving technologies and designs as well as the multiplicity of e-liquid flavors and solvents available on the market. There is an urgent need to standardize all stages of EVP assessment, from the production of a reference product to e-vapor generation methods and from physicochemical characterization methods to nonclinical and clinical exposure studies. The objective of this review is to provide a detailed description of selected experimental setups and methods for EVP aerosol generation and collection and exposure systems for their in vitro and in vivo assessment. The focus is on the specificities of the product that constitute challenges and require development of ad hoc assessment frameworks, equipment, and methods. In so doing, this review aims to support further studies, objective evaluation, comparison, and verification of existing evidence, and, ultimately, formulation of standardized methods for testing EVPs.

scholarly journals Stray light characterization with ultrafast time-of-flight imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Clermont ◽  
W. Uhring ◽  
M. Georges
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Space Telescopes ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Instance Space

AbstractUnderstanding stray light (SL) is a crucial aspect in the development of high-end optical instruments, for instance space telescopes. As it drives image quality, SL must be controlled by design and characterized experimentally. However, conventional SL characterization methods are limited as they do not provide information on its origins. The problem is complex due to the diversity of light interaction processes with surfaces, creating various SL contributors. Therefore, when SL level is higher than expected, it can be difficult to determine how to improve the system. We demonstrate a new approach, ultrafast time-of-flight SL characterization, where a pulsed laser source and a streak camera are used to record individually SL contributors which travel with a specific optical path length. Furthermore, the optical path length offers a means of identification to determine its origin. We demonstrate this method in an imaging system, measuring and identifying individual ghosts and scattering components. We then show how it can be used to reverse-engineer the instrument SL origins.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicological Assessment of Microplastics in Freshwater Sources—A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Martina Miloloža ◽  
Dajana Kučić Grgić ◽  
Tomislav Bolanča ◽  
Šime Ukić ◽  
Matija Cvetnić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Insight Into

High living standards and a comfortable modern way of life are related to an increased usage of various plastic products, yielding eventually the generation of an increased amount of plastic debris in the environment. A special concern is on microplastics (MPs), recently classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). This review focuses on MPs’ adverse effects on the environment based on their bioactivity. Hence, the main topic covered is MPs’ ecotoxicity on various aquatic (micro)organisms such as bacteria, algae, daphnids, and fish. The cumulative toxic effects caused by MPs and adsorbed organic/inorganic pollutants are presented and critically discussed. Since MPs’ bioactivity, including ecotoxicity, is strongly influenced by their properties (e.g., types, size, shapes), the most common classification of MPs types present in freshwater are provided, along with their main characteristics. The review includes also the sources of MPs discharge in the environment and the currently available characterization methods for monitoring MPs, including identification and quantification, to obtain a broader insight into the complex problem caused by the presence of MPs in the environment.

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