scholarly journals Introductory Chapter: Making Health Care Smart

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Heston
Keyword(s):  
Health Care

Introduction: Key sociopolitical changes affecting the health and wellbeing of people

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adrian Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between health and housing, regional disparities and responses across England, Wales, and Scotland in the provision of health and social care and local authority commissioning. It considers how the Municipal Corporations Act (1835) led to the establishment of elected town councils. In the mid- to late 20th century, municipalisation gave way to centralised government, which subverted the autonomy of local authorities. Currently, social care is provided and funded by local authorities and private funders. The main objective of social care is to help people to live well and happily, and live as long as they can. This person-centred approach is in contrast to the systems that have been developed to support the health care needs of people. In 2020, poverty still remains a key driver of poor health and wellbeing.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Eric M. Patashnik ◽  
Alan S. Gerber ◽  
Conor M. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Delivery Of Medical Care ◽  
Based Medicine

This introductory chapter explains why evidence-based medicine is important. The sluggish incorporation of medical evidence into clinical practice is a concern for three key reasons: safety, quality, and the efficiency of resource allocation. First, the delivery of unproven care can expose patients to serious risks. Second, the slow integration of evidence can lead to suboptimal outcomes for patients who receive treatments that work less well for their conditions than alternatives. Third, the failure to implement evidence-based practices encourages wasteful spending, causing the health care system to underperform relative to its level of investment. This book assesses whether the delivery of medical care in the United States is evidence based. It argues that by systematically ignoring scientific evidence (or the lack thereof), the United States is substantially out of balance.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andelka M Phillips ◽  
Thana C de Campos ◽  
Jonathan Herring
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Doctor Patient Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter argues that the advent of personalized medicine, precision medicine, and new consumer-focused services—such as personal genomics—is changing the nature of the traditional doctor–patient relationship. If trust was the ethical value guiding the traditional doctor–patient relationship, now other considerations such as market efficiency are aggregated to the considerations of the relationship between the patient and the health-care provider. Also, if medical law traditionally focused on the regulation of the doctor–patient relationship, nowadays medical law also encompasses the regulation of institutional relationships involving health-care providers of different sorts and at various levels. Some new services also pose challenges for medical lawyers and ethicists, because they are not being offered within the traditional clinical setting and thus sit outside the traditional governance frameworks established in medical settings. The chapter then provides an overview of the general theories on the philosophical foundations of medical law.

scholarly journals Introductory Chapter: Patient Safety is the Cornerstone of Modern Health-Care Delivery Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw P. Stawicki ◽  
Alyssa M. Green ◽  
Gary G. Lu ◽  
Gregory Domer ◽  
Timothy Oskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems

An Introduction to OSCE Assessments

Nursing OSCEs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Creed
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Student’S Performance ◽  
The Difference

It is likely that at some stage throughout your nursing programme you may be asked to attend a simulated examination. This often causes many students to panic a little as they are often unfamiliar with this type of examination and often unsure what this form of assessment involves and what they should expect. Simulated assessments are occurring with increasing frequency in many health care courses. They usually involve undertaking formal clinical examinations related to clinical skills outside of the clinical practice area. These examinations are referred to in a number of ways including OSCEs, university clinical assessments and clinical assessments. The key element common to all these assessments is that they use simulation in a non-clinical environment. That is to say the assessment occurs outside of a clinical environment—usually in a clinical skills room at your university. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to help you to understand: ● What is a simulated examination, ● The background to simulated examinations, ● Why simulated examinations have been developed, ● The difference between formative and summative simulated examinations, ● Standardization of simulated examination, ● Aspects of skills assessed using simulation, ● The validity and reliability of simulated examinations. Within health care, several terms are used when discussing examinations using simulation and this may appear confusing. Therefore, to ensure consistency and to simplify discussion the term OSCE will be used throughout the book. A simulated examination or simulated assessment is one that is examined using a simulated patient and/or a simulated situation. Assessors are provided with objective marking criteria and these criteria are used to judge the student’s performance (Jones et al. 2010). Students are normally allocated a set amount of time to complete the assessment and they are provided with feedback in relation to their assessment. This is referred to as an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) in several universities, although other terms may be used. Whilst there are considerable variations, in the use of simulated examinations in health care it is important to acknowledge that common features exist.

Editors’ Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Ferlie ◽  
Kathleen Montgomery ◽  
Anne Reff Pederson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Health Management ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Literature Base

This introductory chapter offers an overview of the purpose and structure of the Handbook. It begins by explaining why the health care management field is a worthy object of academic study. Next, it offers a reasoned critique of two main streams of current literature in the field and then articulates three propositions that guided the Handbook structure: (i) both classic and emerging social science perspectives and theories can add analytical richness and variety to health management research today; (ii) an expanding range of health policy-related phenomena can and should be explored academically; and (iii) building a wider international literature base is a valuable endeavor. The second half of the introduction reviews the main themes of each chapter and the four Parts of the book. Finally, it discusses the extent to which the original three propositions have been fully worked out in the Handbook and where further work should take place.

Malpractice & Negligence: Cal. Supreme Court Clarifies Negligence Provisions under State’s Elder Abuse Act

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Kendra Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facility ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Nursing Facility ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
The Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of California held, in Delaney v. Baker, 82 Cal. Rptr. 2d 610 (1999), that the heightened remedies available under the Elder Abuse Act (Act), Cal. Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15657,15657.2 (West 1998), apply to health care providers who engage in reckless neglect of an elder adult. The court interpreted two sections of the Act: (1) section 15657, which provides for enhanced remedies for reckless neglect; and (2) section 15657.2, which limits recovery for actions based on “professional negligence.” The court held that reckless neglect is distinct from professional negligence and therefore the restrictions on remedies against health care providers for professional negligence are inapplicable.Kay Delaney sued Meadowood, a skilled nursing facility (SNF), after a resident, her mother, died. Evidence at trial indicated that Rose Wallien, the decedent, was left lying in her own urine and feces for extended periods of time and had stage I11 and IV pressure sores on her ankles, feet, and buttocks at the time of her death.

A Tribute to the Late William J. Curran

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
O. Lawrence ◽  
J.D. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Institute ◽  
University Professor

In the summer of 1979, a group of experts on law, medicine, and ethics assembled in Siracusa, Sicily, under the auspices of the International Commission of Jurists and the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Science, to draft guidelines on the rights of persons with mental illness. Sitting across the table from me was a quiet, proud man of distinctive intelligence, William J. Curran, Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Legal Medicine at Harvard University. Professor Curran was one of the principal drafters of those guidelines. Many years later in 1991, after several subsequent re-drafts by United Nations (U.N.) Rapporteur Erica-Irene Daes, the text was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly as the Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care. This was the kind of remarkable achievement in the field of law and medicine that Professor Curran repeated throughout his distinguished career.

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