scholarly journals Characterization and Differentiation of Adipose Tissue by Spectroscopic and Spectral Imaging Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Küçük Baloğlu ◽  
Feride Severcan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Spectral Imaging

scholarly journals Mapping brown adipose tissue based on fat water fraction provided by Z-spectral imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Scotti ◽  
Rong-Wen Tain ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Victoria Gil ◽  
Chong Wee Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Abdominal subcutaneous fat quantification in obese patients from limited field-of-view MRI data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Michel ◽  
Nicolas Linder ◽  
Tobias Eggebrecht ◽  
Alexander Schaudinn ◽  
Matthias Blüher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Surrogate Measures

Abstract Different types of adipose tissue can be accurately localized and quantified by tomographic imaging techniques (MRI or CT). One common shortcoming for the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) of obese subjects is the technically restricted imaging field of view (FOV). This work derives equations for the conversion between six surrogate measures and fully segmented ASAT volume and discusses the predictive power of these image-based quantities. Clinical (gender, age, anthropometry) and MRI data (1.5 T, two-point Dixon sequence) of 193 overweight and obese patients (116 female, 77 male) from a single research center for obesity were analyzed retrospectively. Six surrogate measures of fully segmented ASAT volume (VASAT) were considered: two simple ASAT lengths, two partial areas (Ap-FH, Ap-ASIS) and two partial volumes (Vp-FH, Vp-ASIS) limited by either the femoral heads (FH) or the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Least-squares regression between each measure and VASAT provided slope and intercept for the computation of estimated ASAT volumes (V~ASAT). Goodness of fit was evaluated by coefficient of determination (R2) and standard deviation of percent differences (sd%) between V~ASAT and VASAT. Best agreement was observed for partial volume Vp-FH (sd% = 14.4% and R2 = 0.78), followed by Vp-ASIS (sd% = 18.1% and R2 = 0.69) and AWFASIS (sd% = 23.9% and R2 = 0.54), with minor gender differences only. Other estimates from simple lengths and partial areas were moderate only (sd% > 23.0% and R2 < 0.50). Gender differences in R2 generally ranged between 0.02 (dven) and 0.29 (Ap-FH). The common FOV restriction for MRI volumetry of ASAT in obese subjects can best be overcome by estimating VASAT from Vp-FH using the equation derived here. The very simple AWFASIS can be used with reservation.

scholarly journals Recovering spectral images from compressive measurements using designed coded apertures and Matrix Completion Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gelvez ◽  
Hoover Rueda ◽  
Henry Arguello
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Matrix Completion ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Coded Aperture ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Spectral Image ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spectral Imager

<p>Spectral imaging aims to capture and process a 3-dimensional spectral image with a large amount of spectral information for each spatial location. Compressive spectral imaging techniques (CSI) increases the sensing speed and reduces the amount of collected data compared to traditional spectral imaging methods. The coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) is an optical architecture to sense a spectral image in a single 2D coded projection by applying CSI. Typically, the 3D scene is recovered by solving an L1-based optimization problem that assumes the scene is sparse in some known orthonormal basis. In contrast, the matrix completion technique (MC) allows to recover the scene without such prior knowledge. The MC reconstruction algorithms rely on a low-rank structure of the scene. Moreover, the CASSI system uses coded aperture patterns that determine the quality of the estimated scene. Therefore, this paper proposes the design of an optimal coded aperture set for the MC methodology. The designed set is attained by maximizing the distance between the translucent elements in the coded aperture. Visualization of the recovered spectral signals and simulations over different databases show average improvement when the designed coded set is used between 1-3 dBs compared to the complementary coded aperture set, and between 3-9 dBs compared to the conventional random coded aperture set.</p>

scholarly journals Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany T. Pham ◽  
Anna M. Stokolosa ◽  
Pamela A. Borden ◽  
Kyle D. Hansen ◽  
Ellen M. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Body Contouring ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

AbstractBody contouring achieved via subcutaneous adipose tissue reduction has notably advanced over the past century, from suction assisted lipectomy to techniques with reduced degrees of invasiveness including laser, radiofrequency, high frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and drug-based injection approaches. These costly techniques have focused on damaging adipocyte cell membranes, hydrolyzing triglycerides (TGs), or inducing apoptosis. Here, we present a simple, low-cost technique, termed electrochemical lipolysis (ECLL). During ECLL, saline is injected into the subcutaneous adipose tissue, followed by insertion of needle electrodes and application of an electrical potential. Electrolysis of saline creates localized pH gradients that drive adipocyte death and saponification of TGs. Using pH mapping, various optical imaging techniques, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate the ability of ECLL to induce acid and base injury, cell death, and the saponification of triglycerides in ex vivo porcine adipose tissue. We define ECLL’s potential role as a minimally-invasive, ultra-low-cost technology for reducing and contouring adipose tissue, and present ECLL as a potential new application of an emerging electrochemical redox based treatment modality.

Modigliani's studio practice revealed by MA‐XRF and non‐invasive spectral imaging techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Genty‐Vincent ◽  
Eric Laval ◽  
Marie‐Amélie Senot ◽  
Michel Menu
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Studio Practice

scholarly journals Metabolic Alterations in Patients with Pheochromocytoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Erlic ◽  
Felix Beuschlein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Brown Adipose

AbstractMetabolic alterations in patients with hormonally active pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) have been described early on in the literature. The initial findings were related to disturbed glucose homeostasis and lipolysis activation, as well as elevated metabolic rates in affected patients. Similarly, from early autopsy reports, the presence of brown adipose tissue had been noted in PPGL patients. In more recent years, changes in body weight, fat mass and distribution have been analyzed in more detail in addition to activity of brown adipose tissue based on functional imaging techniques. Over the last decades, several larger case series and cohort studies have contributed towards the elucidation of possible mechanism contributing to these clinical observations. Herein, we summarize the clinical and experimental data regarding metabolic alterations and related clinical manifestations in PPGL patients.

scholarly journals Hyper-Spectral Imaging Technique in the Cultural Heritage Field: New Possible Scenarios

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Picollo ◽  
Costanza Cucci ◽  
Andrea Casini ◽  
Lorenzo Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Hyper Spectral Imaging ◽  
Recent Developments

Imaging spectroscopy technique was introduced in the cultural heritage field in the 1990s, when a multi-spectral imaging system based on a Vidicon camera was used to identify and map pigments in paintings. Since then, with continuous improvements in imaging technology, the quality of spectroscopic information in the acquired imaging data has greatly increased. Moreover, with the progressive transition from multispectral to hyperspectral imaging techniques, numerous new applicative perspectives have become possible, ranging from non-invasive monitoring to high-quality documentation, such as mapping and characterization of polychrome and multi-material surfaces of cultural properties. This article provides a brief overview of recent developments in the rapidly evolving applications of hyperspectral imaging in this field. The fundamentals of the various strategies, that have been developed for applying this technique to different types of artworks are discussed, together with some examples of recent applications.

scholarly journals Accurate quantification of brown adipose tissue mass by xenon-enhanced computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa T. Branca ◽  
Andrew McCallister ◽  
Hong Yuan ◽  
Amir Aghajanian ◽  
James E. Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Detection and quantification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass remains a major challenge, as current tomographic imaging techniques are either nonspecific or lack the necessary resolution to quantify BAT mass, especially in obese phenotypes, in which this tissue may be present but inactive. Here, we report quantification of BAT mass by xenon-enhanced computed tomography. We show that, during stimulation of BAT thermogenesis, the lipophilic gas xenon preferentially accumulates in BAT, leading to a radiodensity enhancement comparable to that seen in the lungs. This enhancement is mediated by a selective reduction in BAT vascular resistance, which greatly increases vascular perfusion of BAT. This enhancement enables precise identification and quantification of BAT mass not only in lean, but also in obese, mouse phenotypes, in which this tissue is invisible to conventional tomographic imaging techniques. The method is developed and validated in rodents and then applied in macaques to assess its feasibility in larger species.

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