scholarly journals Radiation Doses and Risk Assessment during Computed Tomography of the Chest in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanovna Matkevich ◽  
Ivan Vasilievich Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
The City

Accounting for the effective dose (ED, mSv) and calculating the radiation risk during CT is necessary to predict the long-term consequences of radiation exposure on the population. We analyzed the results of 1003 CT examinations of the chest in patients with suspected COVID-19 in the city diagnostic center. The average ED and confidence intervals (p ≤ 0.05) for patients with a single CT scan were: children (12–14 years) 2.59 ± 0.19 mSv, adolescents (15–19 years) 3.23 ± 0.17 mSv, adults (20–64 years), 3.43 ± 0.08 mSv, older persons (65 years and older) 3.28 ± 0.19 mSv. The maximum radiation risk values were 31.2*10–5 in women children and 29.3*10–5 in women adolescents, which exceeds the risk values for men in these age groups by 2.3 and 1.9 times, respectively. For the group of adult patients the risk was 11.2*10–5 in men and 17.4*10–5 in women, which is 1.6 times higher than in men. All these risk values are in the range of 10*10–5–100*10–5, which corresponds to the level LOW. For the group of older age patients, the radiation risk was 2.6*10–5, which corresponds to the level of 1*10–5–10*10–5, VERY LOW. Our materials shows in detail the technique to evaluate effective radiation doses for chest CT and calculate the radiation risk of the carcinogenic effects of this exposure.

Radiation Risk Assessment in Patients for Chest CT Diagnostics of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
E. Matkevich
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Effective Radiation

Purpose: To assess effective radiation doses for chest CT for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and calculate the radiation risk of the effects of this exposure. Material and methods: We analyzed the results of 1003 CT examinations of the chest performed in patients (6.2 %‒children 12–14 years, 15.3 %‒adolescents 15–19 years, 60.1 %‒adults 20–64 years, 18.4 %‒older persons 65 years and older) with suspected COVID-19 during one week in October 2020 in the city diagnostic center. In each group, the average effective dose (ED, mSv) was calculated. Results: The average ED values and confidence intervals (P=0.05) for patients with a single CT scan were: in children 2.59±0.19 mSv, in adolescents 3.23±0.17 mSv, in adults 3.43±0.08 mSv, in older persons 3.28±0.19 mSv. The maximum radiation risk indicators were observed in groups of children (24.1×10-5) and adolescents (23.3×10-5). For adult patients the means risk was 14.4×10-5. In groups of women radiation risk was 1.3–2.3 twice as high, as in male patients. The risk values in children, adolescents and adults are in the range 10×10-5 – 100×10-5 (low), for the older patients were 2.6×10-5 (very low). Conclusion: Because of the study established effective radiation doses for chest CT of patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the radiation risk for 1-3 times chest CT by age and sex of patients was calculated. It was found that the radiation risk for single, double and triple chest CT for patients under 65 is low, 65 and older is very low. Taking into account the radiation risk during CT is necessary to reduce the long-term consequences of radiation exposure on the population.

scholarly journals Influence of oral administration of HMB to pregnant dams on calbindin expression in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus during postnatal development in spiny mice offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Karol Rycerz ◽  
Aleksandra Krawczyk ◽  
Jadwiga Jaworska-Adamu ◽  
Radosław Szalak ◽  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
New Born ◽  
Calbindin D28k ◽  
Long Term Consequences

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphology, density and immunostaining intensity of calbindin (CB)-positive neurons of dentate gyrus (DG) in new-born (P0) and 21-day-old (P21) male Acomys cahirinus mice from dams receiving β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) during pregnancy. Different substances administrated to pregnant dams may affect the calcium ion homeostasis which is crucial for the proper brain development of their offspring. DG with hilus (H) plays an important role in memory and learning processes. Calcium levels in DG are regulated by buffering proteins like calbindin D28k (CB). Experimental dams were orally treated with HMB at a dose of 0.2g/kg b.w. Half of new-born animals were euthanised after birth and the rest after the 21st day of life. The brains were dissected and embedded in paraffin blocks using a routine histological technique. In order to demonstrate CB protein expression an immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction was conducted. The results of the study did not reveal important morphological alterations. There were no statistically significant changes in the density of the studied cells either in P0 and P21 animals. However, the authors have demonstrated a statistically significant increase of the average CB-immunostaining intensity in nuclei and cytoplasm in both age groups. It may be a result of a compensation effect to alterations that occurred under the influence of HMB. On the basis of the conducted research, it may be assumed that HMB activity in DG may provide long-term consequences.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF GENDER IDENTITY IN YOUNGER AGE GROUPS OF WOMEN'S BOXING

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A. Konokh ◽  
A. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Video Viewing ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

The article considers the means of determining gender identification of girls engaged in boxing and their impact on the training and competitive process. Purpose: to determine gender identification of qualified girls boxers. Material & Methods: the study involved qualified (participants, prize-winners, champions of local tournaments and championships of Ukraine in their age group) girls boxers 12-15 years old, who are engaged in the city children's and youth sports school. A total of 10 girls were interviewed, including 7 athletes aged 15 and 3 athletes aged 12 years, sports experience at the time of the study ranged from 3 to 5 years. Research methods used: S. Bem's method "masculinity - femininity"; Freiburg Personal Questionnaire (FPI) Masculinity Scale; analysis and generalization of literary sources; analysis of excerpts from the protocols of competitions and video viewing of semifinal, final matches of two championships of Ukraine; method of mathematical statistics. Results: it was determined that most girls (n = 9) with index values ​​(IS) in the range from -0,348 (± 0.05) to 0,580 (± 0.05) belong to the androgynous type according to the S.Bem classification. Only one athlete (n = 1) with indicators (IS) -1,276 belongs to the masculine type according to the classification of S. Bem. Determination of masculinity signs using the FPI test showed the number of points scored from 4 (± 2) to 9 out of 14 possible. Conclusions: The study proved the dominance of androgynous and masculine types in various sports in general. The ratio of gender types between individuals engaged in martial arts and boxing is revealed. The data on the dominance of the androgenic type of personality in the younger age groups of women's boxing have been supplemented. For more productive training of gender types of physical and special boxing exercises and forecasting of competitive activity, it is necessary to study individual psychological qualities of a girl-boxer. It is advisable in the subsequent stages of long-term training to conduct repeated tests of girls boxers of this research group in order to determine the progress of masculinization by age and sports experience and sports qualifications.

scholarly journals A comparison of COVID-19 and imaging radiation risk in clinical patient populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ria ◽  
Wanyi Fu ◽  
Hamid Chalian ◽  
Ehsan Abadi ◽  
Paul W. Segars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Clinical Patient

Abstract Objective. The outbreak of coronavirus SARS-COV2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) necessitates fast and accurate diagnostic tools. RT-PCR has been identified as gold standard test with Chest-CT and Chest-Radiography showing promising results as well. However, several institutions are discouraging the use of radiological procedures for COVID-19 diagnosis, partly due to radiation risk. This study aimed to provide quantitative data towards an effective risk-to-benefit analysis for the justification of radiological studies in COVID-19 diagnosis to guide policy and decision makers.Methods. The analysis was performed in terms of mortality rate per age group. COVID-19 mortality was extracted from epidemiological data across 159,107 patients in Italy. For radiological risk, the study considered 659 Chest-CT performed in adult patients. Organ doses were estimated using a Monte Carlo method and then used to calculate the Risk Index that was converted into a related 5-year mortality rate (SEER, NCI). Results. COVID-19 mortality showed a rapid rise for ages >30 years old (min:0.30%; max:30.20%), whereas only 1 death was reported in the analyzed patient cohort for ages <20 years old. The rates decreased for radiation risk across age groups. The median mortality rate across all ages for Chest-CT and Chest-Radiography were 0.72% (min:0.46%; max:1.10%) and 0.03% (min:0.02%; max:0.04%), respectively.Conclusions. COVID-19, Chest-Radiography, and Chest-CT mortality rates showed different magnitudes and trends across age groups. In higher ages, COVID-19 risk far outweighs that of radiological exams. Based on risk comparison alone, Chest-Radiography and Chest-CT for COVID-19 care is justified for patients older than 30 and 50 years old, respectively.

scholarly journals Experience in Organizing the Activities of an Infectious Hospital Established on the Basis of a Specialized Scientific Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic (on the example of the National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopаedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Yerzhan Iskakov ◽  
◽  
Galiya Mussina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Purpose of the message to study the results of the first experiment on the re-profiling of a specialized scientific center in order to organize an infectious hospital for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methods. The article analyzes the results of the activity of an infectious hospital organized on the basis of the National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopаedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D. during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis includes the activities carried out within the framework of the re-profiling of the hospital, as well as statistical data on patients treated and medical services provided for the period from March 26 to August 26, 2021. Results. The infectious diseases hospital has been receiving patients for more than 5 months, during this time more than 1300 patients with COVID-19 have been treated. The correct and concrete actions of the management of the Center and the city health department made it possible to organize the clinic's activities in an emergency situation in such a way that the work on the main profile was not affected. Conclusion. The lessons learned have long-term consequences for the entire public health of the city and the republic. The accumulated experience in the work of the newly created infectious hospital for the treatment of patients with CОVID-19 can be used in the further medical activities of medical organizations of military and civilian healthcare. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, infectious diseases hospital, hospital conversion.

Radionuclide Anomaly

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Kuzmenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Ionizing Irradiation ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Long Term Consequences

The book tells about the ecological consequences of the Chernobyl Disaster, radionuclide pollution, migration of radionuclides along the Dnipro River and the cascade of its reservoirs to the Black Sea, the dynamics of radionuclide accumulation, radiation doses and disturbances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The generalized results of research executed by experts from Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and other countries concerning early and long-term consequences of ionizing irradiation of a human body are given. Expanding the use of nuclear technology and sources of ionizing radiation not only strengthens the power of countries, but also creates risks for the civilization of the nuclear age. Tests of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, the Chernobyl and Fukushima-1 disasters have led to the formation of previously unknown in the biosphere man-made radionuclide anomalies unsuitable for permanent human habitation. The book is intended for a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Donart Koci ◽  
Festina Morina ◽  
Fatlinda Hoxhaj ◽  
Antigona Ukëhaxhaj
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Infection with the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads easily among humans and more continues to be detected over time as to how it spreads. The effect that this crisis will have on the mental health of the population, both in the short and long term, is unknown. In the acute phase, fears of possible exposure to infection, loss of employment, and financial strain are likely to increase psychological distress in the wider population. In the long run, grief and trauma are likely to appear as financial and social impacts become ingrained, the risk of depression and suicide may increase. Lack of hugs, handshakes, free movement and isolation have made it impossible for people to socialize and behave normally with each other. Anxiety, fear, insecurity and lack of self-confidence are some of the main problems that people faced during quarantine and that they may face after the release of the measures. The purpose of this paper is to prove how much the Pandemic and the situation with COVID-19 have affected the mental health of the population in the city of Prizren and Gjakova. Quantitative study method was used for the realization of this work. This paper is based on the data extracted from the questionnaire completed together with the citizens of the municipalities of Prizren and Gjakova. For the realization of this scientific research are involved 200 citizens. Age groups, gender, economic status, level of education and place of residence were analyzed. The study included people aged 20 to 50 years. The most included gender in the study is the female with 59% while the male gender with 41%. All results are presented in graphs worked with SPSS program.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

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