scholarly journals Learning From Nature: Emulating Macromolecular Crowding To Drive Extracellular Matrix Enhancement For The Creation Of Connective Tissue in vitro

10.5772/8573 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Peng ◽  
Michael Raghunath
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Macromolecular Crowding ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Matrix Enhancement

Culture Systems of Isolated Pancreatic Islets with Extracellular Matrix Biomimetics as Tissue-Engineered Constructs of the Pancreas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor I Sevastianov ◽  
Natalia V Baranova ◽  
Lyudmila A Kirsanova ◽  
Anna S Ponomareva ◽  
Eugene A Nemets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Engineered Structures ◽  
The Creation

Abstract The creation of a tissue-engineered structure of the pancreas based on isolated pancreatic islets is hindered by problems associated with maintaining their viability and insulin-producing function. Both biopolymer and tissue-specific scaffolds can contribute to the preservation of the structure and function of pancreatic islets in vitro and in vivo. Comparative morphofunctional analysis in vitro of two different types of tissue-engineered structures of the pancreas, which represent culture systems of isolated islets with biomimetics of an extracellular matrix - a biopolymer collagen-containing scaffold and a tissue-specific scaffold obtained as a result of pancreatic decellularization, - was performed. The results showed that the use of scaffolds in the creation of a tissue-engineered design of the pancreas contributes not only to the preservation of the viability of the islets, but also to the prolongation of their insulin-producing functions, compared to the monoculture of the islets in vitro. A significant increase was found in the basal and stimulated (under glucose load) insulin concentrations in the tissue of engineered structures studied, at the same time the advantage of using a tissue-specific scaffold compared to a biopolymer collagen-containing scaffold was shown. We think that these studies will become a platform for creating a tissue-engineered design of the human pancreas for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Time-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Organization and Secretion from Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Macromolecular Crowding

2014 ◽  
Vol 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances D. Liu ◽  
Adam S. Zeiger ◽  
Krystyn J. Van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Macromolecular Crowding ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Direct Role

ABSTRACTInteractions between biological cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) materials modulate many cell behaviors including adhesion and migration. One key example of this cellmatrix reciprocity is in the context of angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) create and remodel the ECM during this process. In vivo, the surrounding fluid environment includes high concentrations of macromolecules, and is considered “crowded” in comparison to in vitro environments. Here, we quantified the amount and organization of collagen IV, a prominent ECM component of VECs, that was produced by these cells over four weeks in vitro in the presence or absence of macromolecular crowder (MMC) nanoparticles that approximated in vivo crowding. In the presence of MMCs, the amount and degree of alignment of collagen IV was greater. This ECM difference emerged within one week and was sustained for over four weeks. We explored the effect of initial cell density (cells/µm2) on this matrix production, to consider potential differences at a wound site versus an intact vessel. Moreover, we found the biophysical effect of MMCs to be unmodulated by secretions from an adjacent cell type in microvessels (pericytes). These results suggest that macromolecular crowding plays a direct role in remodeling the basement membrane, and that such crowding can be induced in vitro to more closely approximate the cell microenvironment.

scholarly journals Adapting the Scar-in-a-Jar to Skin Fibrosis and Screening Traditional and Contemporary Anti-Fibrotic Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Q. Coentro ◽  
Ulrike May ◽  
Stuart Prince ◽  
John Zwaagstra ◽  
Olli Ritvos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Macromolecular Crowding ◽  
Skin Fibrosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Deposition

Skin fibrosis still constitutes an unmet clinical need. Although pharmacological strategies are at the forefront of scientific and technological research and innovation, their clinical translation is hindered by the poor predictive capacity of the currently available in vitro fibrosis models. Indeed, customarily utilised in vitro scarring models are conducted in a low extracellular matrix milieu, which constitutes an oxymoron for the in-hand pathophysiology. Herein, we coupled macromolecular crowding (enhances and accelerates extracellular matrix deposition) with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1; induces trans-differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts) in human dermal fibroblast cultures to develop a skin fibrosis in vitro model and to screen a range of anti-fibrotic families (corticosteroids, inhibitors of histone deacetylases, inhibitors of collagen crosslinking, inhibitors of TGFβ1 and pleiotropic inhibitors of fibrotic activation). Data obtained demonstrated that macromolecular crowding combined with TGFβ1 significantly enhanced collagen deposition and myofibroblast transformation. Among the anti-fibrotic compounds assessed, trichostatin A (inhibitors of histone deacetylases); serelaxin and pirfenidone (pleiotropic inhibitors of fibrotic activation); and soluble TGFβ receptor trap (inhibitor of TGFβ signalling) resulted in the highest decrease of collagen type I deposition (even higher than triamcinolone acetonide, the gold standard in clinical practice). This study further advocates the potential of macromolecular crowding in the development of in vitro pathophysiology models.

scholarly journals Extracellular matrix organization in developing muscle: correlation with acetylcholine receptor aggregates.

1984 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1486-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
E K Bayne ◽  
M J Anderson ◽  
D M Fambrough
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Organization ◽  
Matrix Components

Monoclonal antibodies recognizing laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, fibronectin, and two apparently novel connective tissue components have been used to examine the organization of extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle in vivo and in vitro. Four of the five monoclonal antibodies are described for the first time here. Immunocytochemical experiments with frozen-sectioned muscle demonstrated that both the heparan sulfate proteoglycan and laminin exhibited staining patterns identical to that expected for components of the basal lamina. In contrast, the remaining matrix constituents were detected in all regions of muscle connective tissue: the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. Embryonic muscle cells developing in culture elaborated an extracellular matrix, each antigen exhibiting a unique distribution. Of particular interest was the organization of extracellular matrix on myotubes: the build-up of matrix components was most apparent in plaques overlying clusters of an integral membrane protein, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The heparan sulfate proteoglycan was concentrated at virtually all AChR clusters and showed a remarkable level of congruence with receptor organization; laminin was detected at 70-95% of AChR clusters but often was not completely co-distributed with AChR within the cluster; fibronectin and the two other extracellular matrix antigens occurred at approximately 20, 8, and 2% of the AChR clusters, respectively, and showed little or no congruence with AChR. From observations on the distribution of extracellular matrix components in tissue cultured fibroblasts and myogenic cells, several ideas about the organization of extracellular matrix are suggested. (a) Congruence between AChR clusters and heparan sulfate proteoglycan suggests the existence of some linkage between the two molecules, possibly important for regulation of AChR distribution within the muscle membrane. (b) The qualitatively different patterns of extracellular matrix organization over myotubes and fibroblasts suggest that each of these cell types uses somewhat different means to regulate the assembly of extracellular matrix components within its domain. (c) The limited co-distribution of different components within the extracellular matrix in vitro and the selective immune precipitation of each antigen from conditioned medium suggest that each extracellular matrix component is secreted in a form that is not complexed with other matrix constituents.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Neutrophil migration through in vitro interstitial matrix

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
J. Roemer ◽  
S.R. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Specific Culture

We are developing an in vitro interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) system for study of inflammatory cell migration. Falcon brand Cyclopore membrane inserts of various pore sizes are used as a support substrate for production of ECM by R22 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Under specific culture conditions these cells produce a highly insoluble matrix consisting of typical interstitial ECM components, i.e.: types I and III collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and fibronectin.

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