Planning Approaches to the Management of Water Problems in Mexico

Geophysical investigation was conducted at Okada community in ovia North Local Govertment area of Edo state to determine the prospect of aquifer zone. The Petrozenith PZ-02 Terrameter, one of the Electrical Resistivity Equipment was used to conduct a Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in the study area. The Garmin Etrex 10 Global Navigation satellite systems (GNSS) was used to acquire Geodetic coordinates of point where VES observations were made. This research was carried out as a pre-drilling Hydro-geophysical survey conducted for the purpose of surveying and studying the proposed water borehole site at Okada Community that has suffered acute water problems for a very long time. There have been series of boreholes drilled in the studied area but all are dry wells. This survey was conducted to investigate the subsurface complexity of the sites in respect of lithology and to recommend the total drill depth based on the prospective aquifer unit so identified. Result of interpretation suggests that the area is underlain with substantive aquiferous formation but at a depth not exceeding 121.60 m (398.95 ft), which is the lower aquifer unit. The value of elevation at point of observation referenced to mean sea level is 94 m.

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Use competition and water exchange in Marina Baja district, Alicante, Spain

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2005.0108 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (3-4) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T.T. Martí

Keyword(s):

Water Exchange ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Water Markets ◽

Tourist Industry ◽

Related Services ◽

Integrated Water Management ◽

The North ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Water Problems ◽

Water Uses

The water problems in Marina Baja district, located in the north of Alicante Province, southeast Spain, gives rise to very interesting practices in the management of this scarce resource. The key issue in water use both in the Júcar Catchment and in Marina Baja district is the growing demand for water in inland areas for intensive crop irrigation (principally fruit, medlars and citrus fruit) and the growth in demand for water for urban use, as well as for use in the tourist industry and its related services mainly in the towns in the coastal areas, due to strong growth in tourism. This trend of increasing demand has created a tense situation as well as conflict between existing water uses and the need for integrated water management in the area. This step implies that procedures for water exchange contracts have to be developed, that are significantly different from emerging water markets.

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Methods for Calculation of Annual and Extreme Overflow Events from Combined Sewer Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1984.0200 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (8-9) ◽

pp. 311-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N B Johansen ◽

P Harremoës ◽

M Jensen

Keyword(s):

Extreme Event ◽

Short Term ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Extreme Load ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Receiving Waters ◽

Water Problems ◽

Source Of Pollution ◽

Receiving Water

Overflow from combined systems constitute an increasing source of pollution of receiving waters, as compared to daily wastewater discharges which undergo treatment to a still higher extent. The receiving water problems from overflows are significant both in a long term scale (mean annual load) and in a short term scale (extreme event load). A method for computation of both annual and extreme load is presented. It is based on historical rain series and the use of a time-area model and simple pollutant mixing model in runoff calculation. Statistical calculations for both mean annual load and extreme events have been applied to the computed overflow series. Based on the computerized method simple manual calculations methods have been developed, resulting in graphs and tables for annual load and extreme load.

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Viruses and Water: Problems, Detection, and Control

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0543 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (7-8) ◽

pp. 127-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Dizer ◽

J. Dürkop ◽

A. Grohmann ◽

H. Kopecka ◽

J. M. López-Pila

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Primary Source ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Water Problems

Secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants contains a high number of viruses and other pathogens, which pose a health risk to the population, (especially when receiv ng waters are used for bathing and swimming, or for growing shellfish. In areas with a high density of population, where drinking water supply is dependent on surface waters and contaminated rivers are the primary source of drinking water, failure of the filtration or of the disinfection step, or of any other “barriers” supposed to warrant safe potable water, will increase the risk of health hazard for the consumer. We have compared the efficiency of viral elimination in secondary effluent by flocculation, uv rradiation and membrane filtration taking naturally occurring, or additionally seeded f2 phages, as indicator for viruses. Flocculation decreased the number of phages present in secondary effluent by more than two logs. If combined with uv irradiation, the elimination reached five additional logs. Membrane filtration eliminated essentially all naturally occurring phages. Improvement of the quality of surface waters calls for a refinement of detection methods for viruses. We have found that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) might be used for detecting viruses in surface waters.

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