scholarly journals Solubility Products and Solubility Concepts

10.5772/67840 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Aneta Spórna-Kucab ◽  
Tadeusz Michałowski
Keyword(s):  
Solubility Products

Solution Properties of Tetraalkylammonium Halide and Alkali-Metal Halide Ion Pairs. The Relationship Between Dissociation Constants and Solubility Products

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Mizerski ◽  
MK Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Alkali Metal Halide ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Solubility Products ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dissociation Constant Kd

An empirical relation describing the effect of solvent on the dissociation constant ( Kd ) of ion pairs is described. An equation of the form pKd = apKso + bD-1 + c ( Kso and D stand for the solubility product of a given salt and for the electric permittivity of a solvent, respectively) has been tested with 13 sets of experimental data for salts containing tetraalkylammonium and alkali-metal cations. A successful correlation was obtained in 100% of the cases considered.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Calcium Orthophosphates by Chemical Precipitation in Aqueous Solutions: The Effect of the Acidity, Ca/P Molar Ratio, and Temperature on the Phase Composition and Solubility of Precipitates

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Mykola V. Nikolenko ◽  
Kateryna V. Vasylenko ◽  
Victoria D. Myrhorodska ◽  
Andrii Kostyniuk ◽  
Blaž Likozar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Calcium Orthophosphates ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Solubility Isotherms ◽  
Solubility Products

Studies on chemical precipitation of the calcium orthophosphates have shown that their phase compositions do not vary depending on molar ratio Ca/P but are sensitive to solutions acidity and temperature. These are two key factors that determine the phase transformation progress of metastable phases into less soluble precipitates of the phosphates. It was proposed to compare calcium orthophosphates solubility products with calcium cations quantities in their formulas. It was found that there was a linear correlation between calcium orthophosphates specific solubility products and their molar ratios Ca/P if hydroxyapatite and its Ca-deficient forms were excluded from consideration. It was concluded that the relatively large deviations of their solubility products from the found correlation should be thought of as erroneous data. That is why solubility products were changed in accordance with correlation dependence: pKS for hydroxyapatite was 155, pKS for Ca-deficient hydroxyapatites was 114–155. The solubility isotherms, which were calculated on the basis of the corrected pKS values, coincided with the experimental data on solid-phase titration by Pan and Darvell.

Solubilities and solubility products of thorium hydroxide under moderate temperature conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-667
Author(s):  
Shogo Nishikawa ◽  
Taishi Kobayashi ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
Ikuji Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Solubility Products ◽  
Colloidal Species ◽  
Thorium Hydroxide

AbstractThe Th solubilities of the sample solutions that initially contained Th(OH)4(am) prepared by undersaturation and oversaturation methods in the pHcrange of 2.0–8.0 in a 0.5 M ionic strength solution of NaClO4and HClO4and stored at aging temperatures (Ta) of 298, 313 and 333 K were investigated in this study. After a certain period of time up to 40 weeks depending onTa, supernatants of the sample solutions were ultrafiltrated through 3 kDa membranes under the measurement temperature (Tm) of 298, 313 and 333 K. Size distributions of the colloidal species were investigated by ultrafiltration using membranes with different pore sizes ranging from 3 to 100 kDa, and the solid phases were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solubility of the sample solutions obtained after aging atTa=298 K using undersaturation method with continuous shaking was similar to those of dried precipitate of Th hydroxide. The solubilities obtained after aging atTa=313 and 333 K were lower than those atTa=298 K. The XRD spectra suggested that the crystallization of the solid phase proceeded under these elevated temperatures. The solubility of the sample solutions obtained after aging atTa=333 K using the oversaturation technique were similar to those prepared by undersaturation method and aged at the sameTa. A slight temperature dependence of the apparent solubilities on theTmwas observed in the sample solutions prepared by both methods. The solubility products$({K_{{\text{sp,}}{T_{\text{a}}}}}({T_{\text{m}}}))$after differentTaandTmwere determined from the solubility analysis. The observed increase in the formation constant$({K_{{\text{s,}}{T_{\text{a}}}}}({T_{\text{m}}}))$of Th4++(4+x)H2O(1)⇌Th(OH)4·xH2O(s,Ta)+4H+with increasingTmindicated that the reaction was endothermic. The enthalpy change$(\Delta_{r}H_{m\_ T_{\text{a}} \to {\text{cr}}}^{\circ} )$between the solid phases of Th(OH)4·xH2O(s,Ta) and ThO2(cr) suggested that the solid phase transformation from Th(OH)4·xH2O(s,Ta) to ThO2(cr) contains an endothermic process.

A Wake-Up Call for the Efficient Use of the Bacterial Resting Cell Process, with Focus on Low Solubility Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Moens ◽  
Selin Bolca ◽  
Sam Possemiers ◽  
Willy Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Cell Process ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Solubility Products ◽  
Low Solubility

scholarly journals Solubility Products of Titanium Sulphide and Carbosulphide in Ultra-low Carbon Steels.

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Yang ◽  
Dirk Vanderschueren ◽  
Jozef Dilewijns ◽  
Christian Standaert ◽  
Yvan Houbaert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Solubility Products

Complex formation and solubility of Pu(IV) with malonic and succinic acids

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
Taishi Kobayashi ◽  
I. Takagi ◽  
Hirotake Moriyama ◽  
A. Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Formation Constants ◽  
Complex Formation Constants ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Experimental Solubility Data ◽  
Experimental Solubility ◽  
Solubility Products

AbstractThe complex formation constants of tetravalent plutonium ion with malonic and succinic acids in aqueous solution were determined by the solvent-extraction method. Also, by taking the known values of the solubility products, the hydrolysis constants and the formation constants, the experimental solubility data of plutonium in the presence of carboxylates were analyzed.

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