scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations of Visceral Leishmaniasis (American Visceral Leishmaniasis)

10.5772/67398 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia M.S. Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations

scholarly journals First autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Paiva de Campos ◽  
Denise Amaro da Silva ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
Artur Augusto Mendes Velho Júnior ◽  
Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Autochthonous Case ◽  
Canine Diseases

In Brazil, American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused byLeishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and its main vector isLutzomyia longipalpis. Cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in non-endemic areas have been reported over the last few years throughout the country. The objective of this research note is to describe an autochthonous case of CVL that occurred in the municipality of Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, an area where the disease is not endemic, alerting veterinarians and the scientific community to the expansion of this important zoonosis and advising veterinary practitioners on how to deal with a suspicion of CVL. Canine visceral leishmaniasis can be misdiagnosed within a broad spectrum of canine diseases based on clinical and laboratory findings. Therefore, knowledge of its clinical manifestations, specific and sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests and parasitological procedures are of the utmost importance for rapid confirmation and notification of a case, thus contributing directly to the control of a focus.

scholarly journals Early Clinical Manifestations Associated with Death from Visceral Leishmaniasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdelaine Etelvina Miranda de Araújo ◽  
Maria Helena Franco Morais ◽  
Ilka Afonso Reis ◽  
Ana Rabello ◽  
Mariângela Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations

scholarly journals Paediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study on clinical manifestations, demographic features and laboratory findings of hospitalised cases in Iran between 2006 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manijeh Nourian ◽  
Aliehsan Heidari ◽  
Saleheh Tajali ◽  
Erfan Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Features

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease. Our retrospective study describes 38 clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VL in patients admitted to a paediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, who came from different geographical regions, indicating that the disease has spread to most parts of the country. Some 76.3% of the children documented suffered with symptoms of the disease for two months before admission.

scholarly journals Coinfection and delayed diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: Died predecessors factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jaciel de Oliveira Clementino ◽  
Daniel Gallina Martins Abrahão ◽  
Manoel Sebastião Da Costa Lima Junior ◽  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an anthropozoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum in most Brazilian states and is known for its significant lethality resulting from improper diagnosis and treatment. VL is difficult to diagnose because its clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities are analogous to several other pathologies. We report a case of a 54-year-old man, negative for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with VL who was initially diagnosed with anemia, consumptive syndrome, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and septic shock and died due to a delayed diagnosis of VL. 

Comparison of serological assays for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in animals presenting different clinical manifestations

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Castro Ferreira ◽  
Marta de Lana ◽  
Mariângela Carneiro ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa Reis ◽  
Daniela Vieira Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Impact of socioeconomic status on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices about visceral leishmaniasis among dog owners

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531
Author(s):  
Amanda Gabriela De Carvalho ◽  
João Gabriel Guimarães Luz ◽  
Luane Dantas Rodrigues ◽  
João Victor Leite Dias ◽  
Cor Jesus Fernandes Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Previous Occurrence ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: This cross-sectional study evaluated the impact of socioeconomic status on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) among dog owners from the municipality of Rondonópolis—a highly endemic area for the disease in Central-Western Brazil. Methodology: Data were collected between 2016 and 2017 during a household survey. A probabilistic sample of 404 dog owners were interviewed assessing sociodemographic characteristics, previous occurrence of VL cases, and KAP about human VL, vector, and canine VL. Responses regarding KAP were compared among social classes, which are indicators of socioeconomic status. Correct/appropriate answers were scored, and a multivariate Poisson regression analysis evaluated the impact of social class on scoring. Results: The overall KAP regarding VL was limited. Dog owners from higher social classes differed from those of the lower classes regarding the recognition of abdominal distension (p = 0.026) and skin lesions (p < 0.001) as clinical manifestations of human and canine VL, respectively, knowledge of VL transmission (p = 0.020), use of topical repellents (p < 0.001), use of insecticide-impregnated collars (p = 0.003), and previous attempts of treatment for canine VL (p = 0.005). Higher scores were associated with the upper social classes (IRR = 1.18; CI = 1.08-1.29) adjusted by the age (IRR = 1.13; CI = 1.04-1.24) and the previous occurrence of human (IRR = 1.21; CI = 1.07-1.36) and canine (IRR = 1.25; CI = 1.14-1.36) VL in the household/neighbourhood of the respondents. Conclusions: Improved KAP concerning VL was associated with better socioeconomic status of dog owners.

scholarly journals Hepatomegaly Associated with Non-Obstructive Sinusoidal Dilation in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Kota Maeda ◽  
Sonya Sadoughi ◽  
Ayako Morimoto ◽  
Kazuyuki Uchida ◽  
James K. Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Cell Accumulation ◽  
Sinusoidal Endothelium ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Hepatomegaly is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations of VL, whereas immunopathology of the symptom has not been well investigated. Using our chronic model of experimental VL, we examined the influence of Leishmania donovani infection on the liver by clinical, histological, and biochemical analyses. The infected mice showed increased liver weight 24 weeks post-infection. Although an increase in serum ALT and inflammatory cell accumulation were observed in the livers of infected mice, no apparent parenchymal necrosis or fibrosis was observed. Tissue water content analyses demonstrated that increased liver weight was predominantly due to an increase in water weight. Together with the finding of hepatic sinusoidal dilation, these results suggested that edema associated with sinusoidal dilation causes hepatomegaly in L. donovani infection. Immunostaining of platelets and erythrocytes showed no thrombus formation or damage to the sinusoidal endothelium in the liver of infected mice. Taken together, these results suggest that hepatomegaly during experimental VL is caused by non-obstructive sinusoidal dilation.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Leishmania infantum in dogs in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Caetano Teixeira ◽  
Neusa Saltiel Stobbe ◽  
Verônica Schmidt ◽  
Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima ◽  
Ana Luisa Tartarotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
The City

Leishmaniosis are zoonoses that present several clinical manifestations in humans and have dogs as their main reservoir in the urban environment. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the parasitosis and has been increasing in Brazil, despite the actions of public health agencies. Until 2002, the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) was considered free of human and canine leishmaniasis. The first human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in RS was recorded in 2003. In 2009, the first autochthonous cases of human VL and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were confirmed in São Borja, RS, and the occurrence of the insect vector was recorded for the first time in the state. In 2010, the first confirmed case of CVL was reported and seropositive dogs were identified in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. Given the importance of this zoonosis and the difficulties of a reliable diagnosis in dogs, this study aimed to identify epidemiological aspects of CVL in dogs in an area of Porto Alegre where cases of the disease have been reported. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from dogs in this area, which were then tested by the methods of RT-DPP® and ELISA for diagnosis of Leishmania infantum. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed by dog owners, containing aspects related to care of the animals, characteristics of their environment, and their living conditions. We observed that 83% (250/300) of the studied dogs were of mixed breed, 58% (175/300) were female, 78% (238/300) slept outdoors, and 61% (183/300) shared their living quarters with other species. Clinically, we observed that 90% (270/300) of the animals were infested by ectoparasites, 70% (210/300) had dermatopathies, 24% (72/300) presented weight loss and anorexia, and 22% (65/300) had ocular disorders. The results of the two serological tests were 100% concordant for the three seropositive samples (1%), and the remaining 297 (99%) were negative for both tests. We conclude that despite the low prevalence of L. infantum seropositive dogs, conditions in the region are favorable for CVL transmission, creating a risk of VL for the human population in the city of Porto Alegre.

scholarly journals Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ofLeishmania chagasiin the Pleural and Ascitic Fluid of a Patient with AIDS: Case Report and Review of Diagnosis and Therapy of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada RS Diehl ◽  
Rodrigo P dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo Zimmerman ◽  
Letícia P Luz ◽  
Tanara Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brazilian Patient ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Atypical visceral leishmaniasis is increasingly reported in immunocompromised patients, including patients with AIDS. A case of visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected Brazilian patient with pulmonary and peritoneal involvement is reported. Histological evaluation of pleural fluid and ascites aspirate revealed macrophages with intracellularLeishmania. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive forLeishmaniain the pleural and ascitic fluid with use of primers specific forLeishmania chagasi. In addition to classical methods for diagnosing leishmaniasis, such as microscopy and culture, polymerase chain reaction detection and identification ofLeishmaniaspecies in pleural effusions and ascites are important diagnostic tools that should be considered by clinicians evaluating HIV-infected patients from endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis. The authors review the clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent and HIV-infected patients.

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Children: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Anil Gupta ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Saumya Srivastava ◽  
Prem Shankar ◽  
Sarman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Current State

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies (Phlebotomus species) and affects all ages and both genders. Nearly half of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases occur in children. The clinical manifestations of pediatric leishmaniasis may be different from the adults associated with host-related factors. In this review, only the visceral form is covered. Confirmation of diagnosis is made by the parasitological, immunological, or by molecular methods. Sodium antimony gluconate (stibogluconate) has been the drug of choice for more than 60 years. However, in last three decades, its efficacy against leishmaniasis has gone significantly down especially in the Indian subcontinent where most cases of VL are seen. Therefore, other drugs, such as pentamidine-isothionate, paromomycin, amphotericin B, and miltefosine, are being used as alternative drugs for VL treatment. In the absence of an effective vaccine for VL, control measures are based on the prevention of disease transmission via vector control and community awareness. The present review focuses on the current state of the leishmaniasis, its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention with emphasis on pediatric leishmaniasis.

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