scholarly journals Low and Medium Calorific Value Gasification Gas Combustion in IC Engines

10.5772/64459 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ftwi Yohaness Hagos ◽  
Abd Rashid Abd Aziz ◽  
Shaharin A. Sulaiman ◽  
Bahaaddein K.M. Mahgoub
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Ic Engines

Parametric Study of Emissions From Low Calorific Value Syn-Gas Combustion, With Variation of Fuel Distribution, in a Prototype Three Sector Burner

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan R. Sigfrid ◽  
Ronald Whiddon ◽  
Marcus Alde´n ◽  
Jens Klingmann
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Discrete Control ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Dilute Gas ◽  
Main Burner

The emission composition is measured for a prototype burner while varying the equivalence ratio in discrete portions of the burner. The burner is a three sector system, consisting of a separate igniter, pilot/stabilizer and main burner. The design allows for discrete control of equivalence ratio in each of the three sectors. The ignition sector, designated RPL (Rich-Pilot-Lean), operates from rich to lean equivalence values, and serves to ignite the pilot sector, which, in turn, stabilizes the main combustion sector. All three burner sections are premixed. The burner is operated at atmospheric pressure with inlet flows heated to 650 K (±8 K). Tests were performed for three gases: methane, a model syngas (10% CH4, 22.5% CO, 67.5% H2), and dilute syngas. The dilute gas includes sufficient nitrogen to lower the heating value to 15 MJ/m3. The model syngas and diluted syngas are representative of fuels produced by gasification process. The burner emissions, specifically, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx, are measured while holding the RPL equivalence value constant and varying the equivalence ratio of the pilot and main sectors. The equivalence ratios for pilot and main sectors are chosen such that the total burner equivalence ratios remain constant during a test sequence. The target total equivalence ratio for each gas is chosen such that all experiments should have the same flame temperature.

scholarly journals Non-Regulated Emissions and PN of Two Passenger Cars with Diesel-Butanol Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Danilo Engelmann ◽  
Pierre Comte ◽  
Jan Czerwinski ◽  
Stephan Renz ◽  
Peter Bonsack
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Light Gasoline

Biofuels represent one of the alternatives to obtain the CO2-neutral propulsion of IC-engines. Butanol, which can be produced from biomass, is considered and was investigated in the last years due to the very advantageous characteristics of this alternative fuel. Butanol can be easily and irreversibly blended both with light (gasoline) and heavier (Diesel) fuels. Comparing with ethanol it has the advantages of: higher calorific value, lower hygroscopicity and lower corrosivity. It can replace the aviation fuels. This paper presents the emission results obtained on two Diesel passenger cars with different technology (Euro2 and Euro6c) and with addition of Butanol to Diesel fuel, as a part of the research project DiBut (Diesel and Butanol). Interesting results are given about some non-legislated (non-regulated) components, Acetaldehyde (MeCHO) and Formaldehyde (HCHO) and about the PN-emissions with/without DPF.

RSM based Modeling and Investigation of Emission Characteristics on Cotton-Seed Oil Biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramachandran ◽  
M. Santhosh ◽  
S. Sudhakara Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
The Cost

The biodiesel is the most promising fuel for IC engines as they have the higher calorific value and lower emission quantities. The use of biodiesel in the existing and new engines will increase the performance and reliability of the engine. Once the biodiesel is synthesised and produced in a bulk, it will minimize the cost of biodiesel and it will be lesser than the cost of regular diesel. The use of biofuel with diesel will be prominent as they can produce good performance when combined. In this research work, biodiesel from cotton seed is extracted and transestrified into usable and combustible fuel (COME). To test and improve performance of the COME it has been combined with the diesel in different proportions and prepared as biodiesel (COME-Diesel blends). The blends are tested and compared for various properties to identify the combustion characteristics. The blends are used and tested on the VCR engine to determine the performance and emission characteristics. To develop an empirical model for the emission characteristics, response surface methodology (RSM) design matrix is developed such that the blend, compression ratio, load and speed are the variables and NO and HC are the response functions. The RSM design matrix is experimented and to determine the empirical models, results are verified through the experimental results.

Low Fuel-NOx Combustion of Synthetic LCV Gas

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkacem Adouane ◽  
Guus Witteveen ◽  
Wiebren de Jong ◽  
Jos P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Fuel Nox

Fuel NOx is one of the main issues related to the combustion of biomass derived Low Calorific Value (LCV) Gas. The high NOx emissions accompanying the combustion of that fuel in gas turbines or gas engines are compromising the CO2 neutral character of biomass and are a barrier towards the introduction of this green energy source in the market. The reduction of NOx emissions has been one of the main preoccupations of researchers in the LCV gas combustion field. Although, much has been achieved for thermal NOx which is caused mainly by the conversion of the nitrogen of the air in high temperature regions, less work has been devoted to the reduction of fuel NOx, which has as a main source the fuel bound nitrogen FBN, namely ammonia in case of biomass. Reducing the conversion of the FBN to NOx has been the main issue in recent research work. However, fuel NOx could be reduced significantly applying methods; like washing the gas in a scrubber prior its entrance to the combustor, and SNCR or SCR methods applied at the exhaust. But those solutions stay very expensive in terms of polluted waste water and catalyst cost. In this paper, the approach is to reduce the conversion of FBN to NOx inside a newly designed combustor. The idea is to optimize the combustion process ending up with the lowest possible conversion of FBN to NOx. The LCV gas used in the experiments described in this paper is made by mixing CO, CO2, H2, natural gas and N2 with proportions comparable to those of the real LCV gas. This gas is then doped with NH3 to simulate the FBN. In this paper the conversion ratio of FBN to NOx versus the FBN concentration is presented. Furthermore, the system is investigated in terms of the effect of CH4 concentration on the conversion of FBN to NOx. And measurements along the combustor axis were performed with a traversing probe where temperature and important emissions along the axis were measured. In all the experiments described in the paper, The LCV gas has an HHV (High Calorific Value) ranging from 4 to 7Mj/nm3. The newly designed combustor contains an embedded inner cylinder. In these experiments presented are without that embedded cylinder. The purpose of the current experiments is to be compared to the later experiments with the insert in order to define clearly the effect of the inner cylinder. Furthermore, this arrangement, i.e. without the insert, gave us the opportunity to traverse the combustor by a probe and to measure temperature and species profiles, which is of a great importance in defining the key parameter controlling the conversion of NH3 to NOx.

Experimental Investigation on a Newly Designed Combustor for LCV Gas

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkacem Adouane ◽  
Marco C. van der Wel ◽  
Wiebren de Jong ◽  
Jos. P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning ◽  
The Eu

Air blown gasification of biomass is one of the most promising and efficient ways to use alternative energy sources like organic matters from waste and biomass for producing LCV (Low Calorific Value) gas. This fuel is best used in highly efficient gas turbines (or combined cycles). The section Thermal Power Engineering of Delft University of Technology operates a 1.5 MW pressurized fluidized bed gasification rig, including a hot gas cleaning unit with the ability to test pressurized combustors designed and optimized for LCV gas combustion. In this paper, the results of six combustion experiments with the 1 MW non-swirling TUD (Technical University Delft) combustor are presented and compared with the results of experiments performed with a 1.0 MW swirling combustor designed by ALSTOM Power UK. The primary and cooling airflow of the TUD combustor can be altered independently for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed at 3.5 and 5.0 bara and stable combustion was accomplished with gas of heating values (HHV) ranging from 2.7 to 3.8 MJ/m3n. Combustion efficiencies of the TUD combustor were well above 99.9% and emissions of CO were within the EU standards, except for one experiment where Minphyl as catalyst was added to the gasifier fuel. A high percentage of primary air was used in this experiment. Emissions of NO were outside the EU standards (100 ppm) for four of the six experiments because of the high fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) concentrations in the fuel gas. The FBN conversion rate ranged from 98% to 39% for FBN concentrations ranging from 238 to 2238 ppm.

Effect of Additives on the Performance and Emission Attributes of Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Shanmuga Sundaram. N. ◽  
Sivakumar Muthusamy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Petroleum Fuels

Automobile vehicles are the main sources of environmental pollution, especially those with diesel engines. They cause a number of health diseases and harm to the ecosystem. Biofuels are a suitable alternative fuel for IC engines which have potential to reduce engine emissions with more or less equal performance of the petroleum fuels. Though Biodiesel is suitable for Diesel engines, it suffers with high density, lesser calorific value, high fuel consumption and increased emissions of nitrogen. However, additives minimize the deteriorating factors of the Biodiesel and maintain the international pollution norms. Many different types of additives are used with the diesel and (or) biodiesel to enhance performance and to improve its quality. The researchers conclude that the use of additives along with diesel and biodiesel improves the performance and reduction in emission. This review discusses effects of additives with diesel and biodiesel on the performance and emission characteristics of Diesel engines.

scholarly journals CFD modelling of natural gas combustion in IC engines under different EGR dilution and H2-doping conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Baratta ◽  
Silvestru Chiriches ◽  
Prashant Goel ◽  
Daniela Misul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

An Experimental Investigation of a Newly Designed Combustor for LCV Gas With Low NOx Emissions From Fuel Bound Nitrogen

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkacem Adouane ◽  
Guus Witteveen ◽  
Weibren de Jong ◽  
Jos P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Optimal Regime ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
University Of Technology

Biomass derived LCV gas represents one of the best alternatives for fossil fuels. It is very attractive, because of its neutral aspects concerning CO2 emissions. However, on the other hand, the high content of fuel bound nitrogen results in high NOx emissions. This is one of the major problems related to the application of biomass derived LCV gas in gas turbines or gas engines. Reducing the conversion of fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) to NOx has been one of the main preoccupations for researchers working in the field of LCV gas combustion. At the section Energy Technology of Delft University of Technology, a group of researchers is busy with optimizing a newly designed combustor for LCV gas and low NOx emissions. With the new design, it is expected to end up with a very low conversion of FBN to NOx by optimizing the design and combustion process. The newly designed combustor is investigated experimentally and by CFD modeling. In this paper, the experimental part is presented. In all the experiments described below, natural gas diluted with nitrogen was the simulated LCV gas and ammonia (NH3) is injected into the fuel gas to simulate the FBN. The fuel gas has an HCV (High Calorific Value) of 5MJ/mn3. The combustor shows a very important optimal regime, where a minimum in conversion of FBN to NOx is achieved while maintaining a very low CO emissions. As low as 8% conversion ratio of NH3 to NOx has been achieved at high NH3 concentration in the LCV gas (3.45vol.%), and a minimum of 30% conversion was achieved for low ammonia concentrations (3100 ppmv).

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Gasification Process

10.14311/1572 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Baláš ◽  
Martin Lisý ◽  
Ota Štelcl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
University Of Technology

Gasification is a technology that uses fuel to produce power and heat. This technology is also suitable for biomass conversion. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is being developed to diversify the energy mix, so that the Czech Republic can reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and on raw materials for energy imported from abroad. During gasification, biomass is converted into a gas that can then be burned in a gas burner, with all the advantages of gas combustion. Alternatively, it can be used in internal combustion engines. The main task during gasification is to achieve maximum purity and maximum calorific value of the gas. The main factors are the type of gasifier, the gasification medium, biomass quality and, last but not least, the gasification mode itself. This paper describes experiments that investigate the effect of temperature and pressure on gas composition and low calorific value. The experiments were performed in an atmospheric gasifier in the laboratories of the Energy Institute atthe Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology.

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