scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Gasification Process

10.14311/1572 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Baláš ◽  
Martin Lisý ◽  
Ota Štelcl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
University Of Technology

Gasification is a technology that uses fuel to produce power and heat. This technology is also suitable for biomass conversion. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is being developed to diversify the energy mix, so that the Czech Republic can reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and on raw materials for energy imported from abroad. During gasification, biomass is converted into a gas that can then be burned in a gas burner, with all the advantages of gas combustion. Alternatively, it can be used in internal combustion engines. The main task during gasification is to achieve maximum purity and maximum calorific value of the gas. The main factors are the type of gasifier, the gasification medium, biomass quality and, last but not least, the gasification mode itself. This paper describes experiments that investigate the effect of temperature and pressure on gas composition and low calorific value. The experiments were performed in an atmospheric gasifier in the laboratories of the Energy Institute atthe Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology.

An Experimental Investigation of a Newly Designed Combustor for LCV Gas With Low NOx Emissions From Fuel Bound Nitrogen

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkacem Adouane ◽  
Guus Witteveen ◽  
Weibren de Jong ◽  
Jos P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Optimal Regime ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
University Of Technology

Biomass derived LCV gas represents one of the best alternatives for fossil fuels. It is very attractive, because of its neutral aspects concerning CO2 emissions. However, on the other hand, the high content of fuel bound nitrogen results in high NOx emissions. This is one of the major problems related to the application of biomass derived LCV gas in gas turbines or gas engines. Reducing the conversion of fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) to NOx has been one of the main preoccupations for researchers working in the field of LCV gas combustion. At the section Energy Technology of Delft University of Technology, a group of researchers is busy with optimizing a newly designed combustor for LCV gas and low NOx emissions. With the new design, it is expected to end up with a very low conversion of FBN to NOx by optimizing the design and combustion process. The newly designed combustor is investigated experimentally and by CFD modeling. In this paper, the experimental part is presented. In all the experiments described below, natural gas diluted with nitrogen was the simulated LCV gas and ammonia (NH3) is injected into the fuel gas to simulate the FBN. The fuel gas has an HCV (High Calorific Value) of 5MJ/mn3. The combustor shows a very important optimal regime, where a minimum in conversion of FBN to NOx is achieved while maintaining a very low CO emissions. As low as 8% conversion ratio of NH3 to NOx has been achieved at high NH3 concentration in the LCV gas (3.45vol.%), and a minimum of 30% conversion was achieved for low ammonia concentrations (3100 ppmv).

scholarly journals Impact of Simulated Biogas Compositions (CH4 and CO2) on Vibration, Sound Pressure and Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7037
Author(s):  
Donatas Kriaučiūnas ◽  
Tadas Žvirblis ◽  
Kristina Kilikevičienė ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Positive Correlation

Biogas has increasingly been used as an alternative to fossil fuels in the world due to a number of factors, including the availability of raw materials, extensive resources, relatively cheap production and sufficient energy efficiency in internal combustion engines. Tightening environmental and renewable energy requirements create excellent prospects for biogas (BG) as a fuel. A study was conducted on a 1.6-L spark ignition (SI) engine (HR16DE), testing simulated biogas with different methane and carbon dioxide contents (100CH4, 80CH4_20CO2, 60CH4_40CO2, and 50CH4_50CO2) as fuel. The rate of heat release (ROHR) was calculated for each fuel. Vibration acceleration time, sound pressure and spectrum characteristics were also analyzed. The results of the study revealed which vibration of the engine correlates with combustion intensity, which is directly related to the main measure of engine energy efficiency—break thermal efficiency (BTE). Increasing vibrations have a negative correlation with carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, but a positive correlation with nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Sound pressure also relates to the combustion process, but, in contrast to vibration, had a negative correlation with BTE and NOx, and a positive correlation with emissions of incomplete combustion products (CO, HC).

scholarly journals The Physical and Chemical Properties of Fine Carbon Particles-Pinewood Resin Blends and Their Possible Utilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviwe Melapi ◽  
Sampson N. Mamphweli ◽  
David M. Katwire ◽  
Edson L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Fine Carbon ◽  
By Products

The application of biomass gasification technology is very important in the sense that it helps to relieve the dwindling supply of natural gas from fossil fuels, and the desired product of its gasification process is syngas. This syngas is a mixture of CO and H2; however, by-products such as char, tar, soot, ash, and condensates are also produced. This study, therefore, investigated selected by-products recovered from the gasification process of pinewood chips with specific reference to their potential application in other areas when used as blends. Three samples of the gasification by-products were obtained from a downdraft biomass gasifier system and were characterized in terms of chemical and physical properties. FTIR analysis confirmed similar spectra in all char-resin blends. For fine carbon particles- (soot-) resin blends, almost the same functional groups as observed in char-resin blends appeared. In bomb calorimeter measurements, 70% resin/30% char blends gave highest calorific value, followed by 50% resin/50% soot blends with values of 35.23 MJ/kg and 34.75 MJ/kg consecutively. Provided these by-products meet certain criteria, they could be used in other areas such as varnishes, water purification, and wind turbine blades.

Parametric Study of Emissions From Low Calorific Value Syn-Gas Combustion, With Variation of Fuel Distribution, in a Prototype Three Sector Burner

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan R. Sigfrid ◽  
Ronald Whiddon ◽  
Marcus Alde´n ◽  
Jens Klingmann
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Discrete Control ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Dilute Gas ◽  
Main Burner

The emission composition is measured for a prototype burner while varying the equivalence ratio in discrete portions of the burner. The burner is a three sector system, consisting of a separate igniter, pilot/stabilizer and main burner. The design allows for discrete control of equivalence ratio in each of the three sectors. The ignition sector, designated RPL (Rich-Pilot-Lean), operates from rich to lean equivalence values, and serves to ignite the pilot sector, which, in turn, stabilizes the main combustion sector. All three burner sections are premixed. The burner is operated at atmospheric pressure with inlet flows heated to 650 K (±8 K). Tests were performed for three gases: methane, a model syngas (10% CH4, 22.5% CO, 67.5% H2), and dilute syngas. The dilute gas includes sufficient nitrogen to lower the heating value to 15 MJ/m3. The model syngas and diluted syngas are representative of fuels produced by gasification process. The burner emissions, specifically, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx, are measured while holding the RPL equivalence value constant and varying the equivalence ratio of the pilot and main sectors. The equivalence ratios for pilot and main sectors are chosen such that the total burner equivalence ratios remain constant during a test sequence. The target total equivalence ratio for each gas is chosen such that all experiments should have the same flame temperature.

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan  kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Biofuels as a Substitute to Conventional Fuels in IC Engines for Mass Transport and Distributed Power Generation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayapati Subbarao ◽  
Saisarath Kruthiventi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
To Come

Depletion of petroleum based fuels has been a lot of concern among the governments and researchers around the world. Usage of biofuels in place of the conventional fuels is showing rapid growth because of the favourable characteristics like better performance and time improved emission characteristics. Present paper discusses about different available biofuels and their effectiveness in replacing fossil fuels and also how they affect the technological growth. Different works are compared to bring out the actual scenario with respect to the performance, emission, availability, production and preparation methods. It is observed that much effort is made by the stake holders in order to see biofuels as a viable alternative and as a future fuel for internal combustion engines. Performance improves slightly with the usage of biofuels and reduced emission characteristics may be logical to observe. But it may not be appreciable, considering the series of production processes involved. It still requires lot of time to commercialize and produce biofuels in mass. Also, there have been constraints like the availability of raw materials for the same. It is concluded that biofuels do play significant role in the days to come provided there is much more effort from researchers to simplify the technology in making biofuel as sustainable and cost effective with at least comparable performance.  

scholarly journals Valorization of non-balanced coal reserves in Serbia for underground coal gasification

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 4067-4081
Author(s):  
David Petrovic ◽  
Lazar Kricak ◽  
Milanka Negovanovic ◽  
Stefan Milanovic ◽  
Jovan Markovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Gas Generators ◽  
Coal Reserves

In the name of a better and safer energy future, it is our responsibility to focus our knowledge and activities to save on imported liquid and gas fossil fuels, as well as coal on which energy security of Serbia is based. The rationalization in the use of available energy resources certainly positively affects economy and the environment of a country. This paper indicates motivations for the application of the underground coal gasification process, as well as surface gasification for Serbia. The goal is to burn less coal, while simultaneously utilizing more gas from the onsite underground coal gasification, or by gasification in various types of gas generators mounted on the surface. In both cases, from the obtained gas, CO2, NOx, and other harmful gases are extracted in scrubbers. This means that further gas combustion byproducts do not pollute the atmosphere in comparison with traditional coal combustion. In addition, complete underground coal gasification power requirements could be offset by the onsite solar photovoltaic power plant, which furthermore enhances environmental concerns of the overall coal utilization.

scholarly journals Biomass-Based Chemical Looping Gasification: Overview and Recent Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7069
Author(s):  
Nhut Minh Nguyen ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Paul Dieringer ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Efficiency

Biomass has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. Many researchers have carried out intensive research work on biomass gasification to evaluate its performance and feasibility to produce high-quality syngas. However, the process remains the problem of tar formation and low efficiency. Recently, novel approaches were developed for biomass utilization. Chemical looping gasification is considered a suitable pathway to produce valuable products from biomass among biomass conversion processes. This review paper provides a significant body of knowledge on the recent developments of the biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The effects of process parameters have been discussed to provide important insights into the development of novel technology based on chemical looping. The state-of-the-art experimental and simulation/modeling studies and their fundamental assumptions are described in detail. In conclusion, the review paper highlights current research trends, identifying research gaps and opportunities for future applications of biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The study aims to assist in understanding biomass-based chemical looping gasification and its development through recent research.

Steam Biomass Gasification - Effect of Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Baláš ◽  
Martin Lisý ◽  
Jiří Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Impact

Gasification is one of the technologies for utilization of biomass. Gasification is a transformation process that converts solid fuels into gaseous fuels. The gaseous fuel may be subsequently applied in other technologies with all the benefits that gaseous fuels provide. The principle of biomass gasification is a common knowledge. It is thermochemical decomposition oof the fuel in presence of gasification agent. Heat from the endothermic reaction is obtained by a partial combustion of the fuel (autothermal gasification) or the heat is supplied into a gasifier from the outside (allothermal gasification). Oxygen for the partial combustion is supplied in the gasification medium. Quality, composition and amount of the producer gas depend on many factors which include type of the gasifier, operating temperature and pressure, fuel properties (moisture content) and type and amount of gasification medium. Commonly, air, steam and oxygen and their combinations are used as a gasification medium. Every kind of gasification agents has its significant advantages and disadvantages.Research and analysis of the gasification process must pay special attention to all operating parameters which affect quality and amount of the producer gas that is the efficiency of the conversion itself. Composition of the producer gas, calorific value, and content and composition of impurities are especially observed as these are the basic characteristics directly affecting subsequent application of the gas. Steam addition has a significant impact on gas composition. Steam decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen, and their subsequent reactions increases amount of combustibles, hydrogen, methane and other hydrocarbons. Steam addition in the gasification also affects amount and composition of tar and has a negative impact on heat balance.Energy Institute at the Brno University of Technology has a long tradition in research of biomass gasification in atmospheric fluidized bed reactors. Air was used as a gasification medium. This paper describes our experience with gasification using a mixture of air and steam. We analysed the whole process and in this paper we wish to describe the impact of temperature on outputs of the process, especially temperature of leaving steam and temperature of gasification reactions.

scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of the Pyrolysis Process for the Production of Syngas from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
Taufiq Bin Nur ◽  
Justin Kongnardi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

Abstract There have been many efforts to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by using renewable energy (solar energy, wind energy, water energy, and energy obtained from biomass) as a substitute for fossil fuels. As one of the largest CPO producers globally, Indonesia produces 4 kilograms of dry biomass for every 1 kilogram of oil palm produced. The biomass conversion process into synthetic gas (syngas) can be carried out using the pyrolysis process. The syngas can be used as an alternative fuel for an internal combustion engine. This study aims to simulate the pyrolysis process to obtain syngas’ characteristics made from oil palm empty bunches (EFBs) and palm fiber. Around 4 kg EFB and 2 kg of fiber are used as pyrolysis raw materials. The Aspen Plus simulation was used to design and analyzed the pyrolysis flow processes. The results showed that the hot syngas produced at a working temperature of 450°C to 650°C was 1.475 kg/hr to 1.587 kg/hr. The cold syngas produced is 0.969 kg/hr to 1.407 kg/hr. The heating value of hot syngas is 10,348 kJ/kg to 14,213.55 kJ/kg, and cold syngas is 15,751.51 kJ/kg to 16,022.7 kJ/kg. Change in syngas composition between hot and cold syngas is due to the condensation process. The minimum condenser area required to produce cold syngas for 6 kg and 500 kg biomass pyrolysis raw material are 25.5 m2 and 632.2 m2, respectively.

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