scholarly journals Complications with Controlling Insect Eggs

10.5772/61848 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Campbell ◽  
Roberto M. Pereira ◽  
Philip G. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Insect Eggs

scholarly journals The formation of a hatching line in the serosal cuticle confers multifaceted adaptive functions on the eggshell of a cicada

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Moriyama ◽  
Kouji Yasuyama ◽  
Hideharu Numata
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Ridge Structure ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Partial Degradation ◽  
Egg Period ◽  
Eggshell Structure

AbstractInsect eggshells must meet various demands of developing embryos. These demands sometimes conflict with each other; therefore, there are tradeoffs between eggshell properties, such as robustness and permeability. To meet these conflicting demands, particular eggshell structures have evolved in diverse insect species. Here, we report a rare eggshell structure found in the eggshell of a cicada, Cryptotympana facialis. This species has a prolonged egg period with embryonic diapause and a trait of humidity-inducible hatching, which would impose severe demands on the eggshell. We found that in eggs of this species, unlike many other insect eggs, a dedicated cleavage site, known as a hatching line, was formed not in the chorion but in the serosal cuticle. The hatching line was composed of a fine furrow accompanied by ridges on both sides. This furrow-ridge structure formed in the terminal phase of embryogenesis through the partial degradation of an initially thick and nearly flat cuticle layer. We showed that the permeability of the eggshell was low in the diapause stage, when the cuticle was thick, and increased with degradation of the serosal cuticle. We also demonstrated that the force required to cleave the eggshell was reduced after the formation of the hatching line. These results suggest that the establishment of the hatching line on the serosal cuticle enables flexible modification of eggshell properties during embryogenesis, and we predict that it is an adaptation to maximize the protective role of the shell during the long egg period while reducing the barrier to emerging nymphs at the time of hatching.

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization, and amino acid sequence of a ubiquitin-like protein from insect eggs.

1982 ◽  
Vol 257 (17) ◽  
pp. 10267-10270
Author(s):  
J G Gavilanes ◽  
G Gonzalez de Buitrago ◽  
R Perez-Castells ◽  
R Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Insect Eggs

The Respiratory Mechanisms of Some Insect Eggs

1950 ◽  
Vol s3-91 (16) ◽  
pp. 429-452
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH ◽  
J.W. L. BEAMENT
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Protein Layer ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Cobalt Sulphide ◽  
Micropylar Canal

By the use of the cobalt sulphide injection technique the distribution of air in the shell of a number of insect eggs has been studied. Air is usually confined to an inner layer of porous protein, connected with the atmosphere through pores of varying type which are likewise filled with spongy material. In Rhodnius the ‘resistant protein layer’ which lines the shell is the porous structure and the ‘pseudomicropyles’ connect this layer to the exterior. The arrangement in Cimex is similar. In Oncopeltus the spongy walls of the ‘sperm cups’ convey air to a porous inner layer. After laying, the lumen of each cup (the micropylar canal) is occluded with solid cement. In Dixippus the so-called ‘micropyle’ in the ‘scar’ of the egg is the respiratory pore. It is filled with spongy protein containing air and conducts the air to the spongy inner layer of the endochorion. As the egg develops and its contents are reduced in volume, free air collects between the two layers of the endochorion in the region of the pore. In Blattella an elaborate stigmatic apparatus which is moulded in the crista of the oöheca conveys air to a spongy process at the upper pole of the egg and so to a thin porous air-filled layer which lines the chorion. In Bombyx and Ephestia a thin porous inner layer of the chorion containing air communicates with the exterior through scattered pores containing air-filled spongy material. In the eggs of Diptera the chorion consists of tapering columns with spongy walls which unite the cement-covered outer layer to a spongy inner layer containing air. The horns on the Drosophila egg and the dorsal folds on the Calliphora egg provide respiratory outlets for this system. The spaces between the columns contain liquid in Calliphora and Drosophila; in Syrphus these spaces are greatly enlarged and contain air. The spongy layers may become filled with air in eggs which are still bathed in fluid in the oviduct, or in which water is present in adjacent parts of the shell. The mechanism of filling is discussed. In the case of Rhodnius there is quantitative evidence that the system will provide for the respiratory needs of the egg.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of ecdysteroid phosphates and acetylecdysteroid phosphates from developing eggs of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria

1984 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Isaac ◽  
H H Rees
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
Moulting Hormone ◽  
Acetyl Migration

Maturing eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, contain a variety of ecdysteroid (insect moulting hormone) conjugates and metabolites, four of which have been previously isolated from polar extracts and identified as ecdysonoic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid, 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate and ecdysone 2-phosphate. In the present study we have isolated eight additional ecdysteroids from similar late-stage eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography. The 22-phosphate esters of ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone, all of which were first identified as ecdysteroid components of newly-laid eggs of S. gregaria, were identified by co-chromatography with authentic compounds and by physicochemical techniques. The remaining compounds were identified as 3-acetyl-20-hydroxyecdysone 2-phosphate, 3-epi-2-deoxyecdysone 3-phosphate, 3-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate and 2-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, p.m.r. spectroscopy and analysis of the steroid moieties after enzymic hydrolysis. The latter two compounds, after isolation, are susceptible to nonenzymic acetyl migration and deacetylation to give mixtures of ecdysone 22-phosphate and its 2- and 3-acetate derivatives. The possible role and significance of these ecdysteroid conjugates with respect to the control of hormone titres in insect eggs is discussed.

Subtle direct effects of rising atmospheric CO2on insect eggs

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILY D. KERR ◽  
CONAN PHELAN ◽  
H. ARTHUR WOODS
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effects ◽  
Insect Eggs

Epsilon granules in Drosophila pole cells and oöcytes

Development ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Ullmann
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Polar Granules ◽  
Pole Cells ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

In many insect eggs, including those of the Diptera, deeply staining granules, rich in RNA, occur in the posterior polar plasm and during ontogeny become enclosed within the pole cells. The structure and fate of these cells, which generally give rise to the primordial germ cells, and their inclusions have excited interest for over half a century (Hegner, 1908; Huettner, 1923; Rabinowitz, 1941; Poulson, 1947; Counce, 1963; Mahowald, 1962), yet numerous questions concerning them remain unsettled or controversial to this day. For instance, the dual fate of the pole cells in Drosophila, the genus which has been most extensively studied, is still debated (Poulson & Waterhouse, 1960; Hathaway & Selman, 1961). Recently, Counce (1963), in a light-microscope study, has described the developmental morphology of the polar granules in several species of Drosophila embryos; while Mahowald (1962) has succeeded in identifying them in D. melanogaster at the ultra-structural level.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piperaceae on Parasitized and Unparasitized Eggs of Oebalus insularis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) by Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1901400
Author(s):  
Bruno Zachrisson ◽  
Ana Santana ◽  
Mahabir Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

Biological control of Oebalus insularis eggs is considered an important strategy in the control of this rice “stink bug”. Effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper jacquemontianum Kunth and Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) on the viability of parasitized and unparasitized eggs by Telenomus podisi, in concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0%, were evaluated. EOs from both species at a concentration of 2% affected the development of embryons of O. insularis as well as of T. podisi after 24 and 48h of their administration. In both species, P. jacquemontanium and P. marginatum LC50, 24 h before the application of treatments on eggs of O. insularis was 3.835 y 3.037, respectively. LC50 after 48 h of treatment with EOs showed contrasting results which varied from 2.207 and 1.811. for P. jacquemontianum and P. marginatum, respectively. LC50 calculated before 24 h in parasitized eggs of O. insularis by T. podisi, was 3.037 and 2.171 for P. jacquemontianum y P. marginatum, respectively, while after 48h of treatment it was 1.166 y 1.935, respectively. Absorption of the EO components by the unparasitized and parasitized eggs of O. insularis by T. podisi was higher after 48 h of exposition. This is due to the longer exposure time, which allows higher penetration of the EOs into the interior of insect eggs by microscopic pores and micropyle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document