scholarly journals Organic Weed Control and Cover Crop Residue Integration Impacts on Weed Control, Quality, Yield and Economics in Conservation Tillage Tomato-A Case Study

10.5772/61315 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Leah M. Duzy ◽  
Kip S. Balkcom ◽  
Jessica A. Kelton ◽  
Ted S. Kornecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Control Quality

Cover crop residue management for optimizing weed control

2008 ◽  
Vol 318 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marjolein Kruidhof ◽  
Lammert Bastiaans ◽  
Martin J. Kropff
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Crop Residue Management

scholarly journals Experiences with Conservation Tillage Vegetables in Tennessee

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin D. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Research yields of conservation tillage (CT) snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf.) have been less than those produced under conventional tillage. This has been due to soil conditions at planting, the cover crop used, weed control and a lack of proper design in equipment for CT. However, some growers have been successful with CT for sweet corn using hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) as the cover crop. On-farm demonstrations of CT with cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group), pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and watermelons [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum. & Nak.] have been successful and with good management it is commercially feasible under Tennessee conditions. Advantages include reduced soil erosion, cleaner products, more efficient application of crop protection chemicals, quicker planting after rainfall, lower energy costs and facilitation of harvest in wet weather. Disadvantages include reduced weed control, modifications of existing equipment, less uniformity in seed coverage and problems with transplanting, cover crop residue in mechanically harvested crops, possible delays in early harvest of fresh market crops due to delayed maturity and limited application of soil protective chemicals.

scholarly journals 399 Use of Conservation Tillage and Cover Crops for Sustainable Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 461E-461
Author(s):  
H.J. Hruska ◽  
G.R. Cline ◽  
A.F. Silvernail ◽  
K. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Strip Tillage

Research began in 1999 to examine sustainable production of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) using conservation tillage and legume winter cover crops. Tillage treatments included conventional tillage, strip-tillage, and no-tillage, and winter covers consisted of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and a vetch/rye biculture. Pepper yields following the rye winter cover crop were significantly reduced if inorganic N fertilizer was not supplied. However, following vetch, yields of peppers receiving no additional N were similar to yields obtained in treatments receiving the recommended rate of inorganic N fertilizer. Thus, vetch supplied sufficient N to peppers in terms of yields. Pepper yields following the biculture cover crop were intermediate between those obtained following vetch and rye. When weeds were controlled manually, pepper yields following biculture cover crops were similar among the three tillage treatments, indicating that no-tillage and strip-tillage could be used successfully if weeds were controlled. With no-tillage, yields were reduced without weed control but the reduction was less if twice the amount of residual cover crop surface mulch was used. Without manual weed control, pepper yields obtained using strip-tillage were reduced regardless of metolachlor herbicide application. It was concluded that a vetch winter cover crop could satisfy N requirements of peppers and that effective chemical or mechanical weed control methods need to be developed in order to grow peppers successfully using no-tillage or strip-tillage.

Effects of Integrated Polyethylene and Cover Crop Mulch, Conservation Tillage, and Herbicide Application on Weed Control, Yield, and Economic Returns in Watermelon

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Jacob P. Williams ◽  
Leah A. Duzy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Elizabeth A. Guertal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production System ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractA 3-yr watermelon experiment was established in fall 2013 to evaluate cover crop, polyethylene mulch, tillage, and herbicide application components for weed control, yield, and profitability. Conservation tillage, either with a cereal rye cover crop alone or integrated with polyethylene mulch, was compared to the standard industry practice of conventional tillage with bedded polyethylene mulch. The study also used a non-bedded conventional tillage system without polyethylene to determine polyethylene and cover crop residue effects. Within each of the four systems, herbicide treatments comprised halosulfuron applied (1) at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE, (2) at 26.3 g ai ha–1POST, or (3) sequentially at 26.3 g ai ha–1PRE and POST. Each system also had a nontreated control. In addition, clethodim was applied in all plots twice POST at 140 g ai ha–1, except for nontreated in each system. In 2014, polyethylene or cereal rye cover crop effectively controlled tall morningglory, coffee senna, and carpetweed early season in nontreated plots, whereas the integration of the two was effective at controlling common purslane. Tall morningglory and purslane control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. In 2015, polyethylene effectively controlled cutleaf eveningprimrose, sicklepod, and arrowleaf sida early season in nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge control was insufficient late season regardless of production system and herbicide application. Utilizing sequential halosulfuron applications did not increase weed control over PRE or POST alone in all years. Polyethylene use resulted in yields higher than systems without in all years. Across all 3 yr, net returns were highest for polyethylene mulch systems. The results of this experiment underscore the need for more progress in developing integrated conservation systems for watermelon production. Effective herbicides, low-disturbance cultivation, and/or hand weeding are most likely the key to success in conservation specialty crop systems.

Evaluation of Three Winter Cereals for Weed Control in Conservation-Tillage Nontransgenic Cotton

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wayne Reeves ◽  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Michael G. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Fallow System ◽  
Winter Fallow

The increased use of conservation tillage in cotton production requires that information be developed on the role of cover crops in weed control. Field experiments were conducted from fall 1994 through fall 1997 in Alabama to evaluate three winter cereal cover crops in a high-residue, conservation-tillage, nontransgenic cotton production system. Black oat, rye, and wheat were evaluated for their weed-suppressive characteristics compared to a winter fallow system. Three herbicide systems were used: no herbicide, preemergence (PRE) herbicides alone, and PRE plus postemergence (POST) herbicides. The PRE system consisted of pendimethalin at 1.12 kg ai/ha plus fluometuron at 1.7 kg ai/ha. The PRE plus POST system contained an additional application of fluometuron at 1.12 kg/ha plus DSMA at 1.7 kg ai/ha early POST directed (PDS) and lactofen at 0.2 kg ai/ha plus cyanazine at 0.84 kg ai/ha late PDS. No cover crop was effective in controlling weeds without a herbicide. However, when black oat or rye was used with PRE herbicides, weed control was similar to the PRE plus POST system. Rye and black oat provided more effective weed control than wheat in conservation-tillage cotton. The winter fallow, PRE plus POST input system yielded significantly less cotton in 2 of 3 yr compared to systems that included a winter cover crop. Use of black oat or rye cover crops has the potential to increase cotton productivity and reduce herbicide inputs for nontransgenic cotton grown in the Southeast.

Herbicide and Rye Cover Crop Residue Integration Affect Weed Control and Yield in Strip-Tillage Peanut

2015 ◽  
pp. 150330154931003
Author(s):  
Jatinder S. Aulakh ◽  
Monika Saini ◽  
Andrew Price ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
Edzard van Santen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Strip Tillage

Cover crop residue components and their effect on summer annual weed suppression in corn and soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Kara B. Pittman ◽  
Jacob N. Barney ◽  
Michael L. Flessner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Crop Biomass

AbstractCover crop residue can act as a mulch that will suppress weeds, but as the residue degrades, weed suppression diminishes. Biomass of cover crop residue is positively correlated to weed suppression, but little research is available regarding the composition of cover crop residue and its effect on weed suppression. Field experiments were conducted to determine the impact of cover crop residue properties (i.e., total carbon, total nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) on summer annual weed suppression and cash crop yield. Cover crop monocultures and mixtures were planted in the fall and designed to provide a range of biomass and residue properties. Cover crops were followed by corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. At termination, cover crop biomass and residue components were determined. Biomass ranged from 3,640 to 8,750 kg ha−1, and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio ranged from 12:1 to 36:1. As both cover crop biomass and C:N ratio increased, weed suppression and duration of suppression increased. For example, a C:N ratio of 9:1 is needed to suppress redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) 50% at 4 wk after termination (WAT), and that increases to 16:1 and 20:1 to have 50% suppression at 6 and 8 WAT, respectively. Similarly, with biomass, 2,800 kg ha−1 is needed for 50% A. retroflexus suppression at 4 WAT, which increases to 5,280 kg ha−1 and 6,610 kg ha−1 needed for 50% suppression at 6 and 8 WAT, respectively. In general, similar trends were observed for pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Corn and soybean yield increased as both cover crop biomass and C:N ratio increased where no weed control measures were implemented beyond cover crop. The same trend was observed with cash crop yield in the weed-free subblocks, with one exception. This research indicates that cover crop residue composition is important for weed control in addition to biomass.

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