Herbicide and Rye Cover Crop Residue Integration Affect Weed Control and Yield in Strip-Tillage Peanut

2015 ◽  
pp. 150330154931003
Author(s):  
Jatinder S. Aulakh ◽  
Monika Saini ◽  
Andrew Price ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
Edzard van Santen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Strip Tillage

Cover crop residue management for optimizing weed control

2008 ◽  
Vol 318 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marjolein Kruidhof ◽  
Lammert Bastiaans ◽  
Martin J. Kropff
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Crop Residue Management

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crop Residue and Preplant Herbicide on Early Leaf Spot of Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Cantonwine ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
K. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Epidemics of early leaf spot, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) are delayed in strip-tilled compared to conventionally tilled fields. This effect may be due to applications of glyphosate used to kill the winter cover crop in strip-tilled fields and/or the presence of cover crop residue at the soil surface of strip-tilled fields. Preplant herbicide (no herbicide, glyphosate, and paraquat), reciprocal residue (plus residue in conventionally tilled plots and minus residue in strip-tilled plots), and added straw mulch were evaluated to determine their effects on early leaf spot epidemics (AUDPC based on incidence and severity, and final percent defoliation) in conventionally tilled and strip-tilled plots. Additional experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of mulch (straw, fumigated straw, and plastic straw [Textraw]) treatments on disease, and to study tillage effects on disease in nonrotated peanut fields. Glyphosate and paraquat had no effect on AUDPC values or defoliation. The addition of straw to conventionally tilled plots significantly reduced disease levels. Cover crop and straw treatments had no significant effect on disease in the strip-tilled plots. AUDPC values were highest in the bare soil plots, lowest in the straw and fumigated straw plots, and intermediate in the plots with Textraw. Fewer initial infections were detected in the Textraw plots compared to the bare soil plots based on results of a trap leaf experiment. Strip-tillage did not consistently suppress early leaf spot epidemics in nonrotated fields. These results show that the presence of cover crop residue is partly responsible for the early leaf spot suppression observed in strip-tilled fields. Cover crop residue may interfere with the dispersal of primary inoculum from overwintering stroma in the soil to the plant tissues.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability in Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) emergence under strip tillage with cover crop residue

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Haramoto ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this research were to evaluate temporal and spatial variability in the impact of strip tillage and oat cover crop residue on Powell amaranth emergence and to determine the role of rainfall in mediating these effects. In field experiments conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012, Powell amaranth seeds were sown in a fully factorial combination of two tillage types (strip tillage [ST] vs. full-width tillage [FWT]) and cover crop residue (oats vs. none) at either 0 d after tillage (DAT) or 7 to 13 DAT to monitor emergence at two timings. In ST plots, seeds were sown both in the tilled zone (“in-row,” IR), and between these tilled zones (“between-row,” BR). In 2011 and 2012, three levels of rainfall were simulated in subplots by either excluding rainfall, allowing natural rainfall, or supplementing rainfall with irrigation. In most cases, ST and oats residue either had no effect on or suppressed emergence of Powell amaranth sown at the early planting date. In contrast, the emergence response to ST and residue at the later planting date was generally smaller and more variable, with increases in emergence observed in several cases. Differences between tillage systems in emergence were most pronounced in the BR zone but also occurred IR in some cases, suggesting that interzonal effects on biotic or abiotic factors influenced emergence. Oat residue effects—but rarely tillage effects—were often mediated by simulated rainfall, with increases in emergence occurring mostly in dry conditions and decreases occurring more commonly in wetter conditions. These results demonstrate that the suppressive effects of cover crops and ST on weed emergence are inconsistent, temporally and spatially variable, and dependent on complex interactions with factors including rainfall.

scholarly journals 399 Use of Conservation Tillage and Cover Crops for Sustainable Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 461E-461
Author(s):  
H.J. Hruska ◽  
G.R. Cline ◽  
A.F. Silvernail ◽  
K. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Strip Tillage

Research began in 1999 to examine sustainable production of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) using conservation tillage and legume winter cover crops. Tillage treatments included conventional tillage, strip-tillage, and no-tillage, and winter covers consisted of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and a vetch/rye biculture. Pepper yields following the rye winter cover crop were significantly reduced if inorganic N fertilizer was not supplied. However, following vetch, yields of peppers receiving no additional N were similar to yields obtained in treatments receiving the recommended rate of inorganic N fertilizer. Thus, vetch supplied sufficient N to peppers in terms of yields. Pepper yields following the biculture cover crop were intermediate between those obtained following vetch and rye. When weeds were controlled manually, pepper yields following biculture cover crops were similar among the three tillage treatments, indicating that no-tillage and strip-tillage could be used successfully if weeds were controlled. With no-tillage, yields were reduced without weed control but the reduction was less if twice the amount of residual cover crop surface mulch was used. Without manual weed control, pepper yields obtained using strip-tillage were reduced regardless of metolachlor herbicide application. It was concluded that a vetch winter cover crop could satisfy N requirements of peppers and that effective chemical or mechanical weed control methods need to be developed in order to grow peppers successfully using no-tillage or strip-tillage.

scholarly journals Reduced Tillage Practices for Summer Squash Production in Southern Illinois

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kindhart
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Method Of Planting ◽  
Strip Tillage

Various tillage systems were evaluated in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) production in southern Illinois to observe the influence of these systems on yellow and zucchini squash production during 1998, 1999, and 2000. For squash production, suppression of a cover crop such as tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) or winter ryegrass (Secale cereale) must be accomplished to obtain the greatest possible yields. However, once the cover crop is killed via herbicides, squash yields tend to be similar among tillage, strip tillage, and no-tillage treatments. Previous studies indicated that early yields may be reduced when using a no-tillage production system, especially if direct seeding is the method of planting and would not be beneficial to growers seeking early production. This study found that squash growers can use transplants in a no-tillage system and not compromise early yields. No differences were observed for soil bulk densities between tillage and no-tillage treatments and may partially explain why similar yields were obtained between these treatments. Effective systems for weed control must be developed in no-tillage squash production before wide acceptance will occur. Observations from this study indicated that the success of no-tillage squash production depends on the availability of effective herbicides; however, few herbicides are currently labeled for use in summer squash. Future studies need to address the problem of weed control in no-tillage squash production.

Cover crop residue components and their effect on summer annual weed suppression in corn and soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Kara B. Pittman ◽  
Jacob N. Barney ◽  
Michael L. Flessner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Crop Biomass

AbstractCover crop residue can act as a mulch that will suppress weeds, but as the residue degrades, weed suppression diminishes. Biomass of cover crop residue is positively correlated to weed suppression, but little research is available regarding the composition of cover crop residue and its effect on weed suppression. Field experiments were conducted to determine the impact of cover crop residue properties (i.e., total carbon, total nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) on summer annual weed suppression and cash crop yield. Cover crop monocultures and mixtures were planted in the fall and designed to provide a range of biomass and residue properties. Cover crops were followed by corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. At termination, cover crop biomass and residue components were determined. Biomass ranged from 3,640 to 8,750 kg ha−1, and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio ranged from 12:1 to 36:1. As both cover crop biomass and C:N ratio increased, weed suppression and duration of suppression increased. For example, a C:N ratio of 9:1 is needed to suppress redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) 50% at 4 wk after termination (WAT), and that increases to 16:1 and 20:1 to have 50% suppression at 6 and 8 WAT, respectively. Similarly, with biomass, 2,800 kg ha−1 is needed for 50% A. retroflexus suppression at 4 WAT, which increases to 5,280 kg ha−1 and 6,610 kg ha−1 needed for 50% suppression at 6 and 8 WAT, respectively. In general, similar trends were observed for pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Corn and soybean yield increased as both cover crop biomass and C:N ratio increased where no weed control measures were implemented beyond cover crop. The same trend was observed with cash crop yield in the weed-free subblocks, with one exception. This research indicates that cover crop residue composition is important for weed control in addition to biomass.

scholarly journals Cover Crop and Floor Management Affect Weed Coverage and Density in an Establishing Oregon Vineyard

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi Fredrikson ◽  
Patricia A. Skinkis ◽  
Ed Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Grass Weed

Five vineyard floor management treatments were evaluated for effects on weed control over two growing seasons in an establishing ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera) vineyard in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Four cover crop management treatments and an unplanted treatment were compared to assess the effects on vine row and alleyway weed coverage and densities of broadleaf and grass weeds. A winter annual cover crop was grown in alleyways of the cover-cropped treatments and was mowed in spring. The mowed residue was managed as follows: 1) residue transferred in-row as mulch representing the industry practice of “mow-and-throw,” 2) residue transferred in-row as mulch at three times the rate of the earlier treatment, 3) mowed residue incorporated into alleyways, and 4) removal of mowed cover crop residue from the vineyard. Weed coverage was assessed visually within a 1.0-m2 quadrat placed randomly in alleyways and vine rows, and densities of broadleaf and grass weeds were determined by counting and grouping individual weeds within each quadrat. Vine row weed coverage and densities were lower in treatments with residue mulch at each sampling date in 2009 and 2010, with nearly 100% in-row weed suppression by the heavier mulch treatment. Alleyway weed coverage was lowest when residue was incorporated and highest in the unplanted treatment at some sampling dates. Grass weed densities in alleyways were similar between treatments at all sampling dates. Results of this study indicate that in-row mulch of cover crop residues at fresh weight densities of 2.5–15.0 kg·m−2 provided effective weed control in a non-irrigated vineyard in western Oregon. Also, alleyway weed coverage may be reduced through incorporation of mowed cover crop residues.

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