scholarly journals The Effect of Agricultural Growing Season Change on Market Prices in Africa

10.5772/56459 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. de Beurs ◽  
M. E.
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Market Prices

Growing season

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Analisis Rantai Nilai Komoditas Cabai Merah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-346
Author(s):  
Dhamon Oridilla B
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Data Analyst ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
Red Peppers

Candi Village in Bandungan District is one of the Chili Supply Sub-district for Semarang Regency and surrounding area has agro-climate suitable for the development of various agricultural commodities supported by wide market opportunity, so it is suitable for agricultural business development. The purpose of this research is to identify the distribution pattern of red pepper, to know each value of commodity chains and distribution, to design alternative distribution pattern of red pepper.Population in this research is 88 respondents from 735 of member of chilli farmer in Desa Candi with total area of 150,3 hectare consisting of rice field, moor and yard. Methods of data analyst using quantitative approach is done by using Margin Marketing Analysis. The results include: (1) The pattern of distribution of existing farming business grows naturally in accordance with the developments and needs of the perpetrators, the actors in this pattern are farmers, wholesalers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, consumers. (2) The value of the red chili commodity chain in this naturally grown pattern often makes pricing more dominant by traders, so farmers receive prices slightly lower than market prices. (3) Some obstacles faced in distributing red peppers are the difficulty of changing the mindset of the community about advanced farming, this is best utilized by market participants (chain of distribution) who are more informed and always keep abreast of market dynamics. Conventional marketing pattern by farmer cause price level accepted by farmer in general relatively smaller compared to price received by trader. Suggestions shorten the chain of distribution patterns, increase the added value of products and improve the bargaining position of farmers and for the government always guide / accompany farmers in getting accurate market information, which can be used as farmers in bargaining, Increased market transparency can act as a trigger for the functioning of a market, improved competition and increased adaptation to meet the needs of supply and opportunity to compete with market prices. Desa Candi di Kabupaten Bandungan adalah salah satu Kecamatan Penyedia Cabai untuk Kabupaten Semarang dan sekitarnya memiliki agroklimat yang cocok untuk pengembangan berbagai komoditas pertanian yang didukung oleh peluang pasar yang luas, sehingga sangat cocok untuk pengembangan bisnis pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola distribusi cabai merah, untuk mengetahui masing-masing nilai rantai komoditas dan distribusi, untuk merancang alternatif pola distribusi cabai merah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 88 responden dari 735 anggota petani cabai di Desa Candi dengan total luas 150,3 hektar yang terdiri dari sawah, tegalan dan pekarangan. Metode analis data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Pemasaran Margin. Hasil meliputi: (1) Pola distribusi usaha pertanian yang ada tumbuh secara alami sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan pelaku, pelaku dalam pola ini adalah petani, pedagang besar, pengumpul, pedagang besar, pedagang besar, pengecer, konsumen. (2) Nilai rantai komoditas cabai merah dalam pola yang dikembangkan secara alami ini sering membuat penetapan harga lebih dominan oleh para pedagang, sehingga petani menerima harga yang sedikit lebih rendah daripada harga pasar. (3) Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam mendistribusikan paprika merah adalah sulitnya mengubah pola pikir masyarakat tentang pertanian maju, hal ini paling baik digunakan oleh pelaku pasar (rantai distribusi) yang lebih banyak informasi dan selalu mengikuti perkembangan dinamika pasar. Pola pemasaran konvensional oleh petani menyebabkan tingkat harga yang diterima petani pada umumnya relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan harga yang diterima pedagang. Saran mempersingkat rantai pola distribusi, meningkatkan nilai tambah produk dan meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dan bagi pemerintah selalu membimbing / menemani petani dalam mendapatkan informasi pasar yang akurat, yang dapat digunakan sebagai petani dalam tawar-menawar, Peningkatan transparansi pasar dapat bertindak sebagai pemicu berfungsinya pasar, meningkatnya kompetisi dan peningkatan adaptasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasokan dan peluang untuk bersaing dengan harga pasar.

Solar Renewable Energy Credit Price Volatility and Investment Returns: Have Policies Stranded Capital Investment?

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Youssefi ◽  
Patrick L. Gurian
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Investment Returns

Pennsylvania is one of a number of U.S. states that provide incentives for the generation of electricity by solar energy through Solar Renewal Energy Credits (SRECs). This article develops a return on investment model for solar energy generation in the PJM (mid-­Atlantic) region of the United States. Model results indicate that SREC values of roughly $150 are needed for residential scale systems to break even over a 25-­year project period at 3% interest. Market prices for SRECs in Pennsylvania have been well below this range from late 2011 through the first half of 2016, indicating that previous capital investments in solar generation have been stranded as a result of steep declines in the value of SRECs. A simple conceptual supply and demand model is developed to explain the sharp decline in market prices for SRECs. Also discussed is a possible policy remedy that would add unsold SRECs in a given year to the SREC quota for the subsequent year.

Dynamics of CO2 emission from chernozems under agricultural use

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
O. Siabruk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

Aim. The comparison of the effect of hydrothermal conditions and various agricultural practices on the emission of CO 2 from chernozems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The dynamics of the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from chernozem calcic (typical chernozem – in Ukrainian classifi cation) was studied during the growing season of 2011–2012. The observations were based on two fi eld experiments with various methods of soil till- age (6–7 years from the beginning of the experiment) and fertilization systems (21–22 years from the beginning of the experiment). Particularly, plowing at 20–22 cm, disking at 10–12 cm, cultivation at 6–8 cm and direct seeding using Great Plains drill were studied among the soil tillage methods. Mineral system (N 45 P 50 K 45 ), organic system (manure 8 t/ha) and combined organic-mineral system (manure 8 t/ha + N 45 P 50 K 45 ) were studied among fertilization systems. The intensity of CO 2 fl ux was determined using the non-stationary respiratory chambers by the alkaline absorption method, with averaging of the results during the day and the frequency of once a month. Results. During the warm period, the emission of carbon dioxide from the soil changes dynamically depending on temperature and humidity. The maximum of emission coincides with the periods of warm summer showers in June-July, the minimum values are characteristic for the late autumn period. The total emission losses of carbon in chernozems over the vegetation period ranged from 480 to 910 kg/ha and varied depending on the methods of tillage ± (4.0–6.0) % and fertilization systems ± (3.8–7.1) %. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different methods of soil tillage are associated with hydrothermal regime and the depth of crop residues location. The biggest difference is observed im- mediately after tillage, but in the spring period the differences are only 12–25 %, and after drying of the top layer of soil become even less. Direct seeding technology provides the greatest emission of CO 2 from chernozem, which is fa- cilitated by better water regime and more complete mineralization of plant residues on the soil surface. Annual losses of carbon are the least under disking of soil at 10–12 cm. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different fertilization systems are associated with the involvement of the additional organic matter from plant residues and manure to the microbiological decomposition. The greatest emission was observed under the organic- mineral fertilization system, which increased the loss of carbon by 7–8 % in comparison with the mineral system in the unfavorable hydrothermal year and by 11–15 % in the more favorable year. These differences are observed mainly during the fi rst half of the growing season when there is a clear tendency to increase the intensity of soil respiration. Conclusions. The hydrothermal conditions of the warm period of the year are decisive in the formation of the CO 2 emission fl ow from chernozems. Due to the improvement of agricultural practices, emissions might be reduced but not more that by 15 % of natural factor contribution.

Using Market Prices to Guide Sector Rotation

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Richard M. Salsman
Keyword(s):  
Market Prices ◽  
Sector Rotation

Irrigation scheduling and water requirements for cowpea using evaporation pan at middle of Iraq

1970 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Saifuldeen A. Salim ◽  
Isam Kudhier Hamza ◽  
Laith Farhan Jar
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Evaporation Pan

The present study was conducted to find out the water requirements and most suitable irrigation frequencies for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) var grown under drip irrigation. The treatments were based on the IW:CPE ratio at different empirical pan factors 0.6 , 0.8, 1.0, 1.,1.4 , and 1.6 Ef (where Ef = IW/CPE). It was observed that the irrigation interval was variable values decreased by increasing Ef value and with the progress of the growing season. The 1.2 and 1.0 IW: CPE treatments with approximately 4 days irrigation interval were achieved the best results. The total amount of applied water during Cowpea growing season was varied between 247.7 and 266.5mm with 254.8mm as a mean. Irrigation treatment with Ef1.2 was superior over the rest of other treatments in fresh seed yield (5.13 ton.hec.-1), crop water productivity (2.14 kg.m-3), biological yield (6.88 ton.hec.-1) , fresh pod yield (7.33 ton.hec.-1), weight of 100 seed (31.28gm), number of seed/pod (9.34) and netting percentage (37.1). The lowest values of the most parameters used in this study were obtained by Ef 0.6 irrigation treatment.  

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

Experience of soybean cultivation in the Kaluga Department of Agricultural Machinery SC.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Sergeev ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Pivkin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
High Seed Yield

The experience of cultivation of soybeans in SC "Agricultural machinery" of the Kaluga region on an area of 190 hectares shows that the soybean variety Alaska is sufficiently adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this region, provides a high seed yield (up to 32 c / ha) and a high yield (up to 1344 kg / ha) relatively inexpensive protein. However, this variety has a long growing season (95-105 days) and therefore desiccation of crops is required for harvesting for seeds.

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