scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism Using Geometric Morphometric Approach

10.5772/55195 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo A.
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Geometric Morphometric

Intersexual and intrasexual selection for neck musculature in men: Attractiveness, dominance, and actual fighting success

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Robert Caton ◽  
David M. G. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
World Region ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Neck Musculature ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Countless organisms are equipped with physiological armor that reduce damage from opponents. Because humans have sustained a long evolutionary history of hand-to-hand combat, selection would have been placed on morphological structures which reduce rotational acceleration to the head and increase the likelihood of victory. Grounded in over 60 years of sports performance theory and recent theoretical work in evolutionary biology, geometric morphometric analyses revealed that larger neck musculature in professional combatants (N = 715) was associated with greater real-world fighting success, after for adjusting for allometry (Study 1). Because sexual dimorphism emerges from selection on morphological structures that improve men’s fighting success, we then discovered that the human neck is the most sexually dimorphic feature of human anatomy when compared to 91 other anatomical features (N = 6,068; Study 2). This male-biased sexual dimorphism held after controlling for these 91 allometric measurements, and held across every world region (Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North, Central, and South America). Because human psychological systems consequently evolved to attend to men’s secondary sexual characteristics, we discovered that men (N = 564 stimuli) with larger neck musculature (Study 3: geometric morphometrics; Study 4: physiological neck strength; Study 5: photorealistic stimuli) are rated (N = 772 raters) as stronger, more masculine, and higher in fighting ability and short-term attractiveness, after accounting for allometry. Combined, our research introduced a new secondary sexual characteristic to the biological, anthropological, and psychological sciences: the human neck.

scholarly journals New Geometric Morphometric Insights in Digital Taphonomy: Analyses into the Sexual Dimorphism of Felids through Their Tooth Pits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7848
Author(s):  
Darío Herranz-Rodrigo ◽  
Silvia J. Tardáguila-Giacomozzi ◽  
Lloyd A. Courtenay ◽  
Juan-José Rodríguez-Alba ◽  
Antonio Garrucho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Applied Statistics ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Felid Species

Recent studies using geometric morphometrics for taphonomy have yielded interesting results, opening new horizons of research in both archaeological and paleontological sites. Here we present the analysis of tooth pits left by male and female individuals of two different carnivore species (Panthera tigris and Panthera pardus) in order to see if sexual dimorphism influences the morphology of tooth pit marks. In the process, 3D-scanning and applied statistics were used. Based on samples derived from two individuals of different sexes, the present results indicate sexual dimorphism in these felid species to not be a conditioning factor of tooth pit morphology.

scholarly journals Application of Three Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis for Sexual Dimorphism of Human Skull: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnasser Ibrahim ◽  
Aspalilah Alias ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib Shafie ◽  
Faridah Mohd Nor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis

The present systematic review explores the most sexually dimorphic parameters by using geometric morphometric analysis of human skull. An extended search was conducted in Google Scholars and PubMed (published between 2005 and 2017). The main inclusion criteria were research articles published in English, and studies that used geometric morphometric analysis for classification of human skull. The literature search identified 54 potential relevant articles whereby, five had met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported positive contribution of geometric morphometric as an alternative and accurate tool for classification of unknown human crania. Geometric morphometric method resulted in a high classification accuracy of sexual dimorphism among different populations. Further studies are required to approach the best method used for varied types of postcranial bones equipped with a more advanced meta-analysis of the results.

scholarly journals On two species of Riocypris (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from northern Patagonia and their relation to Eucypris fontana: implications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Coviaga ◽  
A.P. Pérez ◽  
L.Y. Ramos ◽  
P. Alvear ◽  
G.C. Cusminsky
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Two species of ostracods new to Patagonia, Argentina, are described. One of them, Riocypris whatleyi sp. nov., is described for the first time, and the second, Riocypris sarsi (Daday, 1902) comb. nov., is reallocated from genus Eucypris to genus Riocypris. Inter- and intra-specific variations in shape, size, and sexual dimorphism were evaluated based on geometric morphometric analysis. Moreover, morphological and morphometric comparative analyses were applied to re-examine living and quaternary specimens recovered from previous studies. Based on these results, a generic reassignment for the Patagonian Eucypris fontana (Jurine, 1820) into the genus Riocypris is proposed. Contributing to the knowledge on the systematic and autecology of this enigmatic species, widely distributed in Patagonia and frequently used in paleolimnological reconstructions, generates science-based evidence for their use as indicator species. Additionally, our results emphasize the usefulness of studying the living representatives (i.e., with valves and appendages) for elucidating the taxonomic status of the individual specimens, especially those present in paleontological records and used as bioproxies in paleolimnological studies.

A geometric morphometric approach to the study of sexual dimorphism in the modern human frontal bone

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654
Author(s):  
Antonietta Del Bove ◽  
Antonio Profico ◽  
Alessandro Riga ◽  
Ana Bucchi ◽  
Carlos Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Geometric Morphometric

A Geometric Morphometric Assessment of Hand Shape and Comparison to the 2D:4D Digit Ratio as a Marker of Sexual Dimorphism

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Sanfilippo ◽  
Alex W. Hewitt ◽  
Jenny A. Mountain ◽  
David A. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Hand Shape ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Biological Shape

Twin studies are extremely useful for investigating hypotheses of genetic influence on a range of behavioral and physical traits in humans. Studies of physical traits, however, are usually limited to size-related biological characteristics because it is inherently difficult to quantify the morphological counterpart – shape. In recent years, the development of geometry-preserving analytical techniques built upon multivariate statistical methodologies has produced a new discipline in biological shape analysis known as geometric morphometrics. In this study of hand shape analysis, we introduce the reader already familiar with the field of twin research to the potential utility of geometric morphometrics and demonstrate the cross-discipline applicability of methods. We also investigate and compare the efficacy of the 2D:4D ratio, a commonly used marker of sexual dimorphism, to the fully multivariate approach of shape analysis in discriminating between male and female sex. Studies of biological shape variation utilizing geometric morphometric techniques may be completed with software freely available on the Internet and time invested to master the small learning curve in concepts and theory.

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