scholarly journals Seismotectonic and the Hipothetical Strike – Slip Tectonic Boundary of Central Costa Rica

10.5772/54989 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Tectonic Boundary

scholarly journals Oblique convergence causes both thrust and strike-slip ruptures during the 2021 M 7.2 Haiti earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Okuwaki ◽  
Wenyuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
Regional Deformation ◽  
Blind Thrust ◽  
Oblique Convergence ◽  
Block Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Boundary ◽  
Blind Thrust Fault

A devastating magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Southern Haiti on 14 August 2021. The earthquake caused severe damages and over 2000 casualties. Resolving the earthquake rupture process can provide critical insights into hazard mitigation. Here we use integrated seismological analyses to obtain the rupture history of the 2021 earthquake. We find the earthquake first broke a blind thrust fault and then jumped to a disconnected strike-slip fault. Neither of the fault configurations aligns with the left-lateral tectonic boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates. The complex multi-fault rupture may result from the oblique plate convergence in the region that the initial thrust rupture is due to the boundary-normal compression and the following strike-slip faulting originates from the Gonâve microplate block movement, orienting towards the SW-NE direction. The complex rupture development of the earthquake suggests that the regional deformation is accommodated by a network of segmented faults with diverse faulting conditions.

Shallow-focus seismicity, composite focal mechanism, and tectonics of the Valle Central of Costa Rica

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1626
Author(s):  
Walter Montero P. ◽  
James W. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Nodal Plane ◽  
Intraplate Earthquakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Volcanic Chain ◽  
Shallow Focus

abstract A network of seismographs operating in the Valle Central of Costa Rica has recorded many small earthquakes near the cities of Cartago and San Jose. This seismicity is similar in many ways to the shallow-focus intraplate seismicity of Central America to the north. The earthquakes occur within tens of kilometers of Quaternary volcanic centers at shallow focal depths. The earthquakes occur predominantly on strike-slip faults, with the nodal plane that would correspond to a left-lateral fault striking approximately east-northeast and the nodal plane that would correspond to a right-lateral fault striking approximately north-northwest. The shocks have a tendency to occur in seismic swarms. The region of highest seismicity in our study was located southwest of Cartago, about 10 km from the meizoseismal zones of destructive earthquakes of 1841 and 1910. In detail, the recently recorded small earthquakes seem to have occurred on different faults or fault segments than the 1910 earthquakes. The tendency for shallow-focus intraplate earthquakes to occur within kilometers of earthquakes that occurred several decades earlier has been noted elsewhere in Central America. The occurrence of shocks on distinct faults within the overall region of high activity appears similar to the occurrence of earthquakes on different fault strands in Managua, Nicaragua. We discuss the Valle Central seismicity in light of hypotheses proposed for the shocks farther north in Central America. Our data can be interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that shallow-focus intraplate earthquakes in Central America concentrate on zones of strike-slip faults that pass through offsets of the volcanic chain. Our data can also be interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that the earthquakes occur as the response of minor faults to high regional stresses throughout the region surrounding the volcanic chain. Both hypotheses leave some characteristics of the seismicity unexplained, although these characteristics are not crucial evidence against the hypotheses. A third hypothesis, that the Valle Central source regions are different than intraplate source regions northward in Central America and are occurring in a developing transform plate boundary between the Caribbean and Nazca plates, is plausible on the basis of the regional plate tectonic environment, but it is not strongly supported by the local geology of the Valle Central or by the characteristics of seismicity.

scholarly journals Thermal Maturity of the Grajcarek Unit (Pieniny Klippen Belt): Insights for the Burial History of a Major Tectonic Boundary of the Western Carpathians

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zielińska
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Burial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Outer Carpathians ◽  
Pieniny Klippen Belt ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Tectonic Boundary ◽  
Deep Fracture

The Grajcarek Unit of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB), at the boundary between the Central (Inner) and Outer Carpathians, resulted from the convergence of the ALCAPA (the Alps–Carpathians–Pannonia) block and European plate. The strongly deformed slices of the Grajcarek Unit consist of Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks associated with Late Cretaceous–Middle Palaeocene synorogenic wild-flysch, and sedimentary breccias with olistoliths. Maximum burial temperatures and burial depths were estimated based on vitrinite reflectance data. The vitrinite reflectance values were wide scattered through the Grajcarek sedimentary succession, especially in the flysch formations. This is attributed mainly to the depositional effects that affected the vitrinite evolution. The determined maximum burial temperatures were interpreted due to the regional compression controlled by tectonic burial coeval with thrusting and strike-slip faulting. The regional vitrinite reflectance variations might estimate cumulative displacement around the NNW–SSE and oriented the strike-slip Dunajec fault, which is a continuation of the deep fracture Kraków–Myszków fault zone.

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

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