scholarly journals Breeding for Drought Resistance Using Whole Plant Architecture — Conventional and Molecular Approach

10.5772/54983 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Shashidhar ◽  
Adnan Kanbar ◽  
Mahmoud Toorchi ◽  
G. M. Raveendra ◽  
Pavan Kundur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Leaf life span and the leaf economic spectrum in the context of whole plant architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Edwards ◽  
David S. Chatelet ◽  
Lawren Sack ◽  
Michael J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum

scholarly journals In-field whole plant maize architecture characterized by Latent Space Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Gage ◽  
Elliot Richards ◽  
Nicholas Lepak ◽  
Nicholas Kaczmar ◽  
Chinmay Soman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Hybrid Maize

AbstractCollecting useful, interpretable, and biologically relevant phenotypes in a resource-efficient manner is a bottleneck to plant breeding, genetic mapping, and genomic prediction. Autonomous and affordable sub-canopy rovers are an efficient and scalable way to generate sensor-based datasets of in-field crop plants. Rovers equipped with light detection and ranging (LiDar) can produce three-dimensional reconstructions of entire hybrid maize fields. In this study, we collected 2,103 LiDar scans of hybrid maize field plots and extracted phenotypic data from them by Latent Space Phenotyping (LSP). We performed LSP by two methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and a convolutional autoencoder, to extract meaningful, quantitative Latent Space Phenotypes (LSPs) describing whole-plant architecture and biomass distribution. The LSPs had heritabilities of up to 0.44, similar to some manually measured traits, indicating they can be selected on or genetically mapped. Manually measured traits can be successfully predicted by using LSPs as explanatory variables in partial least squares regression, indicating the LSPs contain biologically relevant information about plant architecture. These techniques can be used to assess crop architecture at a reduced cost and in an automated fashion for breeding, research, or extension purposes, as well as to create or inform crop growth models.

Les teneurs ioniques des plants d'Isoetes setacea au cours de la réactivation par réhydratation

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2171-2177
Author(s):  
N. Michaux-Ferrière
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Different Parts

Ionic amounts of S, P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ have been determined by chemical measures in different parts of Isoetes setacea (shoot apical meristem, cortical zone, and central stele) for plants in normal growth, in drought resistance, and during rehydration. Study of modifications in the ionic amounts during experimental rehydration showed that the significant increase of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ by the 24th h of experimentation was one of the earliest signals observed for the cells of the apical meristem (which are at that time blocked in G1 presynthesis phase) as well as for the differentiated cells. By the 7th day of rehydration, just before their entrance into the synthesis phase, meristematic cells have recovered ionic rates equivalent to those measured for active plants. The same thing happens in the nonmeristematic tissues. This increase of ionic amounts in the whole plant can be explained by a differential entrance of ions with water. This new balance of the ionic amounts according to the pattern found in the active plants can be considered as a prerequisite event for the recovery of an active metabolism for a meristematic or differentiated cell in water stress.

The genetic basis of plant form

1986 ◽  
Vol 313 (1159) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Genetically Manipulated ◽  
Physiological Characters

Plant architecture is relevant to a number of questions in population biology because it affects the number, size, and fecundity of individuals. Architectural differences in wild plants have frequently been described and are presumed to have a genetic basis because the differences are maintained when the plants are grown in uniform gardens, but little genetic research has been done. Studies in crop plants, however, provide substantial information about how plant form can be genetically manipulated. They show that the architecture of many crops has been successfully modified by making a small number of genetic substitutions that affect shoot length, flowering node, branch presence and orientation, habit, and growth determinacy. The changes occur at the level of metamers (leaf-axillary bud-internode) and become multiplied by iteration into the characteristic architecture of the plant. Metamer growth and iteration are tightly coordinated by genetic factors that operate at the level of the whole plant. Evidence supporting this hypothesis includes single gene control of coordinated changes among successive internodes, genetic control of production of metabolites or signals that move from mature tissues to shoot growing points, and allometries connecting organs arising from the same meristem. Since different plant architectures are associated with differences in fitness, information on the genetic basis of the morphological and physiological characters that cause the architectural differences will elucidate how fitness characters evolve.

Drought resistance - is it really a complex trait?

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Blum
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Use

Drought resistance is being increasingly labelled as being a ‘complex trait’, especially with the recent expansion of research into its genomics. There is a danger that this label may turn into an axiom that is liable to damage education on the subject as well as research and the delivery of solutions to the farmer. This opinionated review examines whether there is grounds for such an axiom. Drought resistance is labelled as a ‘complex trait’ mainly when viewed by molecular biologists from the gene discovery platform. This platform is capable of expressing hundreds and thousands of drought-responsive genes, which are up- or down-regulated under dehydration stress according to growth stage, plant organ or even time of day. Sorting out the ‘grain out of the chaff’ in order to identify the function of the candidate genes towards drought resistance is difficult and, thus, the idea that drought resistance is complex is raised. However, when drought resistance is viewed from the physiological and agronomic whole-plant and crop platform, it appears much simpler; its control, whether constitutive or adaptive, is rather obvious with respect to manipulation in breeding and crop management. The most important and common drought resistance traits function to maintain plant hydration under drought stress due to effective use of water (EUW). The state of our knowledge and the achievements in breeding for drought resistance do not support labelling drought resistance as a complex trait. The genomics road towards drought resistance is complex but we already know that the destination is much simpler.

Episodic whole plant growth patterns in Ligustrum

1993 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Mary C. Halbrooks
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Whole Plant
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document