scholarly journals Organization of Two Cortico–Basal Ganglia Loop Circuits That Arise from Distinct Sectors of the Monkey Dorsal Premotor Cortex

10.5772/54822 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Takada ◽  
Eiji Hoshi ◽  
Yosuke Saga ◽  
Ken-ichi Inoue ◽  
Shigehiro Miyachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

scholarly journals Interhemispheric Control of Unilateral Movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Beaulé ◽  
Sara Tremblay ◽  
Hugo Théoret
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Brain

To perform strictly unilateral movements, the brain relies on a large cortical and subcortical network. This network enables healthy adults to perform complex unimanual motor tasks without the activation of contralateral muscles. However, mirror movements (involuntary movements in ipsilateral muscles that can accompany intended movement) can be seen in healthy individuals if a task is complex or fatiguing, in childhood, and with increasing age. Lateralization of movement depends on complex interhemispheric communication between cortical (i.e., dorsal premotor cortex, supplementary motor area) and subcortical (i.e., basal ganglia) areas, probably coursing through the corpus callosum (CC). Here, we will focus on transcallosal interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), which facilitates complex unilateral movements and appears to play an important role in handedness, pathological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, and stroke recovery.

Multisynaptic inputs from the basal ganglia (BG) to rostrocaudally distinct sectors of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) in macaques

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. e264
Author(s):  
Eiji Hoshi ◽  
Yosuke Saga ◽  
Daisuke Takahara ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirata ◽  
Kenichi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

scholarly journals Interactions between pairs of transcranial magnetic stimuli over the human left dorsal premotor cortex differ from those seen in primary motor cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 578 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Koch ◽  
Michele Franca ◽  
Hitoshi Mochizuki ◽  
Barbara Marconi ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

Modest Gaze-Related Discharge Modulation in Monkey Dorsal Premotor Cortex During a Reaching Task Performed With Free Fixation

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1064-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cisek ◽  
John F. Kalaska
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Oculomotor Behavior ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Gaze Angle

Recent studies have shown that gaze angle modulates reach-related neural activity in many cortical areas, including the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), when gaze direction is experimentally controlled by lengthy periods of imposed fixation. We looked for gaze-related modulation in PMd during the brief fixations that occur when a monkey is allowed to look around freely without experimentally imposed gaze control while performing a center-out delayed arm-reaching task. During the course of the instructed-delay period, we found significant effects of gaze angle in 27–51% of PMd cells. However, for 90–95% of cells, these effects accounted for <20% of the observed discharge variance. The effect of gaze was significantly weaker than the effect of reach-related variables. In particular, cell activity during the delay period was more strongly related to the intended movement expressed in arm-related coordinates than in gaze-related coordinates. Under the same experimental conditions, many cells in medial parietal cortex exhibited much stronger gaze-related modulation and expressed intended movement in gaze-related coordinates. In summary, gaze direction-related modulation of cell activity is indeed expressed in PMd during the brief fixations that occur in natural oculomotor behavior, but its overall effect on cell activity is modest.

A novel dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm to probe fast facilitatory inputs from ipsilateral dorsal premotor cortex to primary motor cortex

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiu Groppa ◽  
Nicole Werner-Petroll ◽  
Alexander Münchau ◽  
Günther Deuschl ◽  
Matthew F.S. Ruschworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Paradigm ◽  
Dual Site

Role of the Dorsal Premotor Cortex in Rhythmic Auditory-Motor Entrainment: A Perturbational Approach by rTMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Giovannelli ◽  
I. Innocenti ◽  
S. Rossi ◽  
A. Borgheresi ◽  
A. Ragazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

Interactions between auditory and dorsal premotor cortex during synchronization to musical rhythms

NeuroImage ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1771-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Chen ◽  
Robert J. Zatorre ◽  
Virginia B. Penhune
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Musical Rhythms

Reduced dorsal premotor cortex and primary motor cortex connectivity in older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ni ◽  
Reina Isayama ◽  
Gabriel Castillo ◽  
Carolyn Gunraj ◽  
Utpal Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

Dorsal Premotor Cortex and Conditional Movement Selection: A PET Functional Mapping Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Grafton ◽  
A. H. Fagg ◽  
M. A. Arbib
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Functional Mapping ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Movement Selection

Grafton, S. T., A. H. Fagg, and M. A. Arbib. Dorsal premotor cortex and conditional movement selection: a PET functional mapping study. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1092–1097, 1998. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain mapping was used to investigate whether or not human dorsal premotor cortex is involved in selecting motor acts based on arbitrary visual stimuli. Normal subjects performed four movement selection tasks. A manipulandum with three graspable stations was used. An imperative visual cue (LEDs illuminated in random order) indicated which station to grasp next with no instructional delay period. In a power task, a large aperture power grip was used for all trials, irrespective of the LED color. In a precision task, a pincer grasp of thumb and index finger was used. In a conditional task, the type of grasp (power or precision) was randomly determined by LED color. Comparison of the conditional selection task versus the average of the power and precision tasks revealed increased blood flow in left dorsal premotor cortex and superior parietal lobule. The average rate of producing the different grasp types and transport to the manipulandum stations was equivalent across this comparison, minimizing the contribution of movement attributes such as planning the individual movements (as distinct from planning associated with use of instructional stimuli), kinematics, or direction of target or limb movement. A comparison of all three movement tasks versus a rest task identified movement related activity involving a large area of central, precentral and postcentral cortex. In the region of the precentral sulcus movement related activity was located immediately caudal to the area activated during selection. The results establish a role for human dorsal premotor cortex and superior parietal cortex in selecting stimulus guided movements and suggest functional segregation within dorsal premotor cortex.

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