scholarly journals Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells: A Potential Revolution in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

10.5772/54366 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin ◽  
Daniel Pelaez ◽  
Veronica R. ◽  
Jordan Greenberg ◽  
Herman S.
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells

scholarly journals Stem Cell Based Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review Focusing on Adult Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Jordan Greenberg ◽  
Veronica Fortino ◽  
Daniel Pelaez ◽  
Herman S. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Secreted by Adult Stem Cells during Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Strong ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gimble ◽  
Bruce A. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are adult stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into mesenchymal lineage cells. The abundance of ASCs in adipose tissue and easy accessibility with relatively little donor site morbidity make them attractive candidate cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying inflammatory process that occurs during ASC differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblast has not been extensively investigated. ASCs cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation medium were characterized by oil red o staining and alizarin red staining, respectively. ASCs undergoing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were isolated on days 7, 14, and 21 and assessed by qRT-PCR for the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ASCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation expressed a distinct panel of cytokines that differed from the cytokine profile of ASCs undergoing adipogenic differentiation at each of the time points analyzed. Mapping the cytokine expression profile during ASC differentiation will provide insight into the role of inflammation in this process and identify potential targets that may aid in enhancing osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation for the purposes of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

1970 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Ranieri Cancedda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Diverse Range

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine constitute an emerging multidisciplinary field involving biology, medicine and engineering which is supposed to provide an outstanding contribution to improve the health and quality of life for million of people by restoring, maintaining or enhancing tissue and organ function. In regenerative medicine stem cells are playing a fundamental role: they are characterised by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specialized cell types. The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are embryonic stem cells that are found in blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. In the last few years, the use of stem cells has been proposed for tissue engineering. In conjunction with regenerative medicine it represents a new area of research aimed to restore tissues and organs which have been damaged by traumas, tumors, infective or degenerated pathologies. In the present paper, starting from the outstanding improvement of the basic knowledge recently obtained, the perspectives in this field are illustrated considering also the involved ethical issues and particular attention is paid to the financial and organizational problems which stay at the basis of the industrial development of such technologies.

scholarly journals Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Future Regenerative System Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yani Lina ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions for a number of disease. Despite the advances, the availability of stem cells remaining a challenge for both scientist and clinicians in pursuing regenerative medicine. CONTENT: Subcutaneous human adipose tissue is an abundant and accessible cell source for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Routinely, the adipose issue is digested with collagenase or related lytic enzymes to release a heterogeneous population for stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. The SVF cells can be used directly or can be cultured in plastic ware for selection and expansion of an adherent population known as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Their potential in the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and other mesenchymal lineages, as well in their other clinically useful properties, includes stimulation of angiogenesis and suppression of inflammation.SUMMARY: Adipose tissue is now recognized as an accessible, abundant and reliable site for the isolation of adult stem cels suitable for the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of preclinical data relating to the isolation, characterization, cryopreservation, differentiation, and transplantation of freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction cells and adherent, culture-expanded, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in vitro and in animal models.KEYWORDS: adipose tissue, adult stem cells, regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells

Stem Cells in Drug Discovery, Tissue Engineering, and Regenerative Medicine: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Sanjit Nirmalanandhan ◽  
G. Sitta Sittampalam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Organ Systems

Stem cells, irrespective of their origin, have emerged as valuable reagents or tools in human health in the past 2 decades. Initially, a research tool to study fundamental aspects of developmental biology is now the central focus of generating transgenic animals, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine to address degenerative diseases of multiple organ systems. This is because stem cells are pluripotent or multipotent cells that can recapitulate developmental paths to repair damaged tissues. However, it is becoming clear that stem cell therapy alone may not be adequate to reverse tissue and organ damage in degenerative diseases. Existing small-molecule drugs and biologicals may be needed as “molecular adjuvants” or enhancers of stem cells administered in therapy or adult stem cells in the diseased tissues. Hence, a combination of stem cell-based, high-throughput screening and 3D tissue engineering approaches is necessary to advance the next wave of tools in preclinical drug discovery. In this review, the authors have attempted to provide a basic account of various stem cells types, as well as their biology and signaling, in the context of research in regenerative medicine. An attempt is made to link stem cells as reagents, pharmacology, and tissue engineering as converging fields of research for the next decade. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:755-768)

Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Development in Urology

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
F. Pinto ◽  
A. Calarco ◽  
A. Brescia ◽  
E. Sacco ◽  
A. D'addessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Engineering Applications

Purpose Congenital abnormalities and acquired disorders can lead to organ damage and loss. Nowadays, transplantation represents the only effective treatment option. However, there is a marked decrease in the number of organ donors, which is even yearly worsening due to the population aging. The regenerative medicine represents a realistic option that allows to restore and maintain the normal functions of tissues and organs. This article reviews the principles of regenerative medicine and the recent advances with regard to its application to the genitourinary tract. Recent findings The field of regenerative medicine involves different areas of technology, such as tissue engineering, stem cells and cloning. Tissue engineering involves the field of cell transplantation, materials science and engineering in order to create functional replacement tissues. Stem cells and cloning permit the extraction of pluripotent, embryonic stem cells offering a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. Most current strategies for tissue engineering depend upon a sample of autologous cells from the patient's diseased organ. Biopsies from patients with extensive end-stage organ failure, however, may not yield enough normal cells. In these situations, stem cells are envisaged as being an alternative source. Stem cells can be derived from discarded human embryos (human embryonic stem cells), from fetal tissue or from adult sources (bone marrow, fat, skin). Therapeutic cloning offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering scientists have increasingly applied the principles of cell transplantation, materials science and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in urological diseased and injured tissues such as kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra and penis. Conclusions Regenerative medicine offers several applications in acquired and congenital genitourinary diseases. Tissue engineering, stem cells and, mostly, cloning have been applied in experimental studies with excellent results. Few preliminary human applications have been developed with promising results.

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