scholarly journals Analysis of the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Secreted by Adult Stem Cells during Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Strong ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gimble ◽  
Bruce A. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are adult stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into mesenchymal lineage cells. The abundance of ASCs in adipose tissue and easy accessibility with relatively little donor site morbidity make them attractive candidate cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying inflammatory process that occurs during ASC differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblast has not been extensively investigated. ASCs cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation medium were characterized by oil red o staining and alizarin red staining, respectively. ASCs undergoing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were isolated on days 7, 14, and 21 and assessed by qRT-PCR for the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ASCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation expressed a distinct panel of cytokines that differed from the cytokine profile of ASCs undergoing adipogenic differentiation at each of the time points analyzed. Mapping the cytokine expression profile during ASC differentiation will provide insight into the role of inflammation in this process and identify potential targets that may aid in enhancing osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation for the purposes of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Based Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review Focusing on Adult Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Jordan Greenberg ◽  
Veronica Fortino ◽  
Daniel Pelaez ◽  
Herman S. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Urine as a Main Effector in Urological Tissue Engineering—A Double-Edged Sword

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq O. Abbas ◽  
Tayyiba A. Ali ◽  
Shahab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Urinary Tract Reconstruction

In order to reconstruct injured urinary tract tissues, biodegradable scaffolds with autologous seeded cells are explored in this work. However, when cells are obtained via biopsy from individuals who have damaged organs due to infection, congenital disorders, or cancer, this can result in unhealthy engineered cells and donor site morbidity. Thus, neo-organ construction through an alternative cell source might be useful. Significant advancements in the isolation and utilization of urine-derived stem cells have provided opportunities for this less invasive, limitless, and versatile source of cells to be employed in urologic tissue-engineered replacement. These cells have a high potential to differentiate into urothelial and smooth muscle cells. However, urinary tract reconstruction via tissue engineering is peculiar as it takes place in a milieu of urine that imposes certain risks on the implanted cells and scaffolds as a result of the highly cytotoxic nature of urine and its detrimental effect on both growth and differentiation of these cells. Both of these projections should be tackled thoughtfully when designing a suitable approach for repairing urinary tract defects and applying the needful precautions is vital.

Rg1 promotes the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via FXR1/Lnc-GAS5-AS1 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Tian Xu ◽  
Yin-Li Xu ◽  
Yong-Xian Rong ◽  
Dong-Lin Huang ◽  
Zhong-Hong Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Network ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Medicine Research

Background: Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) play an important role in regenerative medicine. Objective: Exploring the mechanism of Rg1 in the promotion of the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs is important in regenerative medicine research. Methods: In order to observe ginsenoside Rg1 in promoting the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs, Rg1 medium at different concentrations was established and tested using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, oil red O staining, alizarin red, and alcian blue. Compared to the control, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened via DEG analysis, which were carried out in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. To explore the relationship among mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results: In this study, Rg1 was observed to promote the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Additionally, enriched BPs and KEGG pathways may be involved in the promotion process, where FXR1 and Lnc-GAS5-AS1 were found to be regulatory factors. The regulatory network suggested that Rg1 could regulate the adipocytokine signaling pathway and IL−17 signaling pathway via FXR1 and Lnc-GAS5-AS1, which served as the mechanism encompassing the promotion of Rg1 on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Conclusion: A comprehensive transcriptional regulatory network related to the promotion ability of Rg1 was constructed, revealing mechanisms regarding Rg1’s promotion of the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. The present study provides a theoretical basis in optimizing the function of hASCs.

scholarly journals REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

1970 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Ranieri Cancedda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Diverse Range

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine constitute an emerging multidisciplinary field involving biology, medicine and engineering which is supposed to provide an outstanding contribution to improve the health and quality of life for million of people by restoring, maintaining or enhancing tissue and organ function. In regenerative medicine stem cells are playing a fundamental role: they are characterised by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specialized cell types. The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are embryonic stem cells that are found in blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. In the last few years, the use of stem cells has been proposed for tissue engineering. In conjunction with regenerative medicine it represents a new area of research aimed to restore tissues and organs which have been damaged by traumas, tumors, infective or degenerated pathologies. In the present paper, starting from the outstanding improvement of the basic knowledge recently obtained, the perspectives in this field are illustrated considering also the involved ethical issues and particular attention is paid to the financial and organizational problems which stay at the basis of the industrial development of such technologies.

scholarly journals Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells: A Potential Revolution in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

10.5772/54366 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin ◽  
Daniel Pelaez ◽  
Veronica R. ◽  
Jordan Greenberg ◽  
Herman S.
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells

scholarly journals Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Future Regenerative System Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yani Lina ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions for a number of disease. Despite the advances, the availability of stem cells remaining a challenge for both scientist and clinicians in pursuing regenerative medicine. CONTENT: Subcutaneous human adipose tissue is an abundant and accessible cell source for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Routinely, the adipose issue is digested with collagenase or related lytic enzymes to release a heterogeneous population for stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. The SVF cells can be used directly or can be cultured in plastic ware for selection and expansion of an adherent population known as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Their potential in the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and other mesenchymal lineages, as well in their other clinically useful properties, includes stimulation of angiogenesis and suppression of inflammation.SUMMARY: Adipose tissue is now recognized as an accessible, abundant and reliable site for the isolation of adult stem cels suitable for the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of preclinical data relating to the isolation, characterization, cryopreservation, differentiation, and transplantation of freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction cells and adherent, culture-expanded, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in vitro and in animal models.KEYWORDS: adipose tissue, adult stem cells, regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells

Stem Cells in Drug Discovery, Tissue Engineering, and Regenerative Medicine: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Sanjit Nirmalanandhan ◽  
G. Sitta Sittampalam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Organ Systems

Stem cells, irrespective of their origin, have emerged as valuable reagents or tools in human health in the past 2 decades. Initially, a research tool to study fundamental aspects of developmental biology is now the central focus of generating transgenic animals, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine to address degenerative diseases of multiple organ systems. This is because stem cells are pluripotent or multipotent cells that can recapitulate developmental paths to repair damaged tissues. However, it is becoming clear that stem cell therapy alone may not be adequate to reverse tissue and organ damage in degenerative diseases. Existing small-molecule drugs and biologicals may be needed as “molecular adjuvants” or enhancers of stem cells administered in therapy or adult stem cells in the diseased tissues. Hence, a combination of stem cell-based, high-throughput screening and 3D tissue engineering approaches is necessary to advance the next wave of tools in preclinical drug discovery. In this review, the authors have attempted to provide a basic account of various stem cells types, as well as their biology and signaling, in the context of research in regenerative medicine. An attempt is made to link stem cells as reagents, pharmacology, and tissue engineering as converging fields of research for the next decade. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:755-768)

scholarly journals Deciphering the Emerging Roles of Adipocytes and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Fat Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972199779
Author(s):  
Yi Yi ◽  
Weijie Hu ◽  
Chongru Zhao ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Hong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Fat Transplantation ◽  
Autologous Fat Transplantation ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Tissue Defects

Autologous fat transplantation is widely regarded as an increasingly popular method for augmentation or reshaping applications in soft tissue defects. Although the fat transplantation is of simple applicability, low donor site morbidity and excellent biocompatibility, the clinical unpredictability and high resorption rates of the fat grafts remain an inevitable problem. In the sites of fat transplantation, the most essential components are the adipocyte and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The survival of adipocytes is the direct factor determining fat retention. The efficacy of fat transplantation is reduced by fat absorption and fibrosis due to the inadequate blood flow, adipocyte apoptosis and fat necrosis. ADSCs, a heterogeneous mixture of cells in adipose tissue, are closely related to tissue survival. ADSCs exhibit the ability of multilineage differentiation and remarkable paracrine activity, which is crucial for graft survival. This article will review the recent existing research on the mechanisms of adipocytes and ADSCs in fat transplantation, especially including adipocyte apoptosis, mature adipocyte dedifferentiation, adipocyte browning, ADSCs adipogenic differentiation and ADSCs angiogenesis. The in-depth understanding of the survival mechanism will be extremely valuable for achieving the desired filling effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document