scholarly journals Glucose Tolerance Factor – Insulin Mimetic and Potentiating Agent – A Source for a Novel Anti Diabetic Medication

10.5772/54350 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitsa Mirsky
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor

scholarly journals Glucose tolerance factor extracted from yeast: oral insulin-mimetic and insulin-potentiating agent: in vivo and in vitro studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Weksler-Zangen ◽  
Tal Mizrahi ◽  
Itamar Raz ◽  
Nitsa Mirsky
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor

In search for an effective oral treatment for diabetes, we examined the capacity of glucose tolerance factor (GTF) extracted from yeast and administered orally to reduce hyperglycaemia in rat models exhibiting insulin deficiency. The cellular effect of GTF on the insulin signalling pathway was investigated in vitro. GTF (oral bolus), insulin (intraperitoneal) or their combination was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic (STZ) or hyperglycaemic Cohen diabetic-sensitive (hyp-CDs) rats. Blood glucose (BG) and insulin levels were measured in the postprandial (PP) state and during an oral glucose tolerance test. Deoxy-glucose transport and insulin signal transduction were assessed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and myoblasts incubated with the GTF. Low dose of insulin produced a 34 and 12·5 % reduction in the PP-BG levels of hyp-CDs and STZ rats, respectively. GTF induced a 33 and 17 % reduction in the PP-BG levels of hyp-CDs and STZ rats, respectively. When combined with insulin, a respective decrease (58 and 42 %) in BG levels was observed, suggesting a partially additive (hyp-CDs) or synergistic (STZ rats) effect of the GTF and insulin. GTF did not induce insulin secretion in hyp-CDs rats, yet it lowered their BG levels, proposing an effect on glucose clearance by peripheral tissues. GTF induced a dose-dependent increase in deoxy-glucose transport into myoblasts and fat cells similar to insulin, while the combined treatment resulted in augmented transport rate. GTF induced a dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase independent of insulin receptor phosphorylation. GTF exerts remarkable insulin-mimetic and insulin-potentiating effects, both in vivo and in vitro. It produces an insulin-like effect by acting on cellular signals downstream of the insulin receptor. These results demonstrate a potential source for a novel oral medication for diabetes.

Relation of glucose tolerance factor to impaired intravenous glucose tolerance of rats on stock diets

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Mertz ◽  
Klaus Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were made on male Sprague-Dawley rats, raised on different diets. Two natural diets (McCollum's wheat-casein ration and table scraps) produced glucose removal rates of around 4%/min. or more. In rats raised on three commercial pelleted stock rations (Purina, Hunt Club, Rockland) as well as on a semipurified Torula yeast diet, low glucose removal rates of 2.5–2.8%/min. were consistently detected after 20 or more days of feeding. The results are related to the contents, in the investigated diets, of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF), a recently described, water soluble dietary agent of low molecular weight. Development of low glucose removal rates is prevented by dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast, or with GTF concentrates from brewer's yeast or pork kidney powder. The fully developed impairment is cured within 1–2 weeks by the addition of GTF concentrates to the diet. It is also reconstituted to normal within 18 hours after stomach tubing of GTF fractions of widely different degrees of purification. This curative procedure is being used as a 24-hour test for GTF.

ChemInform Abstract: CHROMIUM(III) AND THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE FACTOR

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BARRETT ◽  
P. O'BRIEN ◽  
J. D. PEDROSA DE JESUS
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor

Synthetic models for the glucose tolerance factor: the spectroscopic characterization and toxicity studies of monomeric and dimeric Cr(III) species

Polyhedron ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 3785-3794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Galuszka ◽  
Maria Cieslak-Golonka ◽  
Adam Szelag ◽  
Jan Starosta ◽  
Agnieszka Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor ◽  
Synthetic Models

Preparation of chromium-containing material of glucose tolerance factor activity from brewer's yeast extracts and by synthesis

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Toepfer ◽  
Walter Mertz ◽  
Marilyn M. Polansky ◽  
Edward E. Roginski ◽  
Wayne R. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor

Identification of peptides from autolysates 0f Saccharomyces cerevisiae that exhibit glucose tolerance factor activity in a yeast assay

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. O'Donoghue ◽  
Juan A. Cooper ◽  
Timothy G. Jackson ◽  
Peter R. Shepherd ◽  
Paul D. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Yeast Assay ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor
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