scholarly journals Environmental Considerations About the Life Cycle of Biofuels

10.5772/52481 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelvina Rodriguez ◽  
Jose Ricardo Duarte Ojeda ◽  
Sully Ojeda de Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Considerations

Recurring and Unresolved Problems in Sustainable Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Bras
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Made In

Much progress has been made in sustainable design over the past 20 years since the first publications on design for the environment started to appear in the mechanical engineering literature. Engineering design methods now attempt to include environmental considerations and Life-Cycle Analysis is a commonly used approach nowadays. Nevertheless, some fundamental problems seem to be recurring and remain unresolved. More so, some of these problems can have significant effects on the efficacy of design methods. Without consideration or even acknowledgement of these problems, proposed sustainable design methods may not bring us closer to sustainability at all. In this paper, we highlight a few of these recurring problems. Although true sustainable design should also include social and financial considerations, we will focus primarily on the environmental issues in this paper.

Human and Organization Errors in Reliability of Offshore Structures

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Bea
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Generic Process

This paper addresses human and organization errors (HOE) in the context of quantitative reliability analyses (QRA) that are intended to help improve the quality of offshore structures. A classification of HOE is proposed that addresses individual, organization, equipment/hardware, procedures/software, and environmental considerations. A generic process to address the life-cycle quality characteristics of offshore structures incorporating HOE is discussed. Based on these developments, a probability-based risk analysis is developed that addresses HOE in addition to the structure system aspects. Alternatives for improved management of HOE are discussed including quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), and design of error-tolerant or “robust” structures. Application of the HOE classification, generic assessment process, QRA formulation, and QA/QC measures are illustrated.

scholarly journals Biodiesel and green diesel generation: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Palani Vignesh ◽  
Arockiyasamy Remigious Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Narayanan Shankar Ganesh ◽  
Veerasundaram Jayaseelan ◽  
Kumarasamy Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Energy Depletion ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Green Diesel ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Environmental Considerations

First, second, third, and fourth-generation biofuels are continuously evolving as a promising substitute to petrodiesel catalyzed by energy depletion, economic and environmental considerations. Bio-diesel can be synthesized from various biomass sources, which are commonly divided into FAME and renewable biodiesel. FAME biodiesel is generally produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils and fats while renewable diesel is produced by hydro-deoxygenation of vegetable and waste oils and fats. The different generation, processing technologies and standards for FAME and renewable biodiesel are reviewed. Finally, the life cycle analysis and production cost of conventional and renewable biodiesel are described.

scholarly journals Environmental Consideration For Physical Housing Improvement In Bukit Kencana Jaya Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Landung Esariti ◽  
M.D Putri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Life Cycle ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Physical Changes

So far, economic factors dominate the reasons for doing physical renovation activities of the houses. This means that the more stable the condition of the household economy, the physical improvement activities will be more likely to be conducted. This study investigates how the physical changes of the house are carried out at each stage of the family life cycle in Bukit Kencana Jaya Semarang. The four stages in family life cycle are single families, families without children, families with children and elderly families. Furthermore, this study also analyse what are the environmental considerations that influence the physical changes made. The method used is survey research, with the distribution of questionnaires to 60 respondents in 5 different types of houses. This research confirms that house physical change activities are household sustainability strategies to improve quality of life and achieve well-being. Proximity to environment facilities and location attachment to neighbourhood became the main environmental considerations findings. This research output supports the objective of Sustainable Development Goals number 3 about health and well- being, and Sustainable Development Goals number 11 on sustainable communities.

Incorporating Environmental Considerations Into Pipeline Integrity Management Programs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Taylor ◽  
Jeff Wielki ◽  
Troina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Environmental Management Practices ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Corporate Social

Canada’s extensive pipeline grid can be traced back to the 1950s when major crude oil and natural gas finds in western Canada led to the construction of large pipeline systems [1]. Some of the currently operating pipelines in Canada have been operating for over 60 years. With the objective of ensuring that pipelines are suitable for continued reliable, safe and environmentally responsible service, the National Energy Board (NEB) issued the Onshore Pipeline Regulations (OPR) in 1999 (OPR-99) mandating pipeline companies to develop and implement Integrity Management Programs (IMPs). The OPR-99 allows pipeline companies to tailor the content of the IMPs to particular circumstances. From a life cycle perspective, the majority of pipeline IMPs involve inspection and testing, data management and interpretation, risk assessment, integrity or engineering assessment and pipeline repairs. Despite the evident benefits of implementing IMPs, conducting pipeline repairs can also trigger environmental concerns and permitting requirements. Developing effective Environmental Protection Plans (EPPs) and obtaining federal and provincial environmental permitting in sensitive areas can be time consuming and costly. If these factors and costs are not incorporated to the planning process they can create subsequent delays and financial burdens. Additionally, implementing environmental management practices throughout the life cycle of IMPs will aid pipeline companies in managing environmental issues systematically and effectively while enhancing environmental stewardship and corporate social responsibility. Including environmental setting considerations, identifying regulatory requirements and conducting stakeholder engagement during the earliest stages and throughout the IMP is essential to ensure the sustainability of the Program. This paper describes an integrated management system which incorporates environmental considerations throughout the overall IMP and a strategic approach to information management.

Durability design of infrastructure and some related issues

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Durability Design ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The life cycle performance of any infrastructure should be taken into consideration in its design, its construction, its maintenance, its operation, and when needed, its rehabilitation. The protection of infrastructure must be holistic, taking into account long-term socioeconomic and environmental considerations and the impact of the global climate change. Fulfilling the requirements of the ultimate and serviceability limit states over the service life of the facility requires an understanding of the use of the system, the deterioration response of the materials and their components when subjected to aggressive environments, and how this deterioration can be prevented or significantly delayed by preventive, remedial, and routine maintenance. The composition, microstructure, macrostructure, and various modes of deterioration of materials used in construction (steel, wood, concrete) are reviewed, along with possible remedial measures. The development of concrete as a construction material, its durability, and the relevant durability provisions in the various Canadian Standards Association standards are reviewed briefly. Current European practice and the 1990 Comité Euro-International du béton Design Guide for Durable Concrete Structures are evaluated. The engineer's responsibility for durable performance of a facility and the importance of durability audits are also examined.Key words: aggressive environment, construction materials, deterioration, durability, durability audits, life cycle performance, macrostructure, microstructure, socioeconomic and environmental considerations, sustainability.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

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