scholarly journals Neuroimaging Helps to Clarify Brain Affective Processing Without Necessarily Clarifying Emotions

10.5772/51761 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Walla ◽  
Jaak Panksepp
Keyword(s):  
Affective Processing

Why People With High Alexithymia Make More Utilitarian Judgments

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Zhang ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Shenglan Li ◽  
Ji Lai ◽  
Meng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Although recent studies have investigated the effect of alexithymia on moral judgments, such an effect remains elusive. Furthermore, moral judgments have been conflated with the moral inclinations underlying those judgments in previous studies. Using a process dissociation approach to independently quantify the strength of utilitarian and deontological inclinations, the present study investigated the effect of alexithymia on moral judgments. We found that deontological inclinations were significantly lower in the high alexithymia group than in the low alexithymia group, whereas the difference in the utilitarian inclinations between the two groups was nonsignificant. Furthermore, empathic concern and deontological inclinations mediated the association between alexithymia and conventional relative judgments (i.e., more utilitarian judgments over deontological judgments), showing that people with high alexithymia have low empathic concern, which, in turn, decreases deontological inclinations and contributes to conventional relative judgments. These findings underscore the importance of empathy and deontological inclinations in moral judgments and indicate that individuals with high alexithymia make more utilitarian judgments over deontological judgments possibly due to a deficit in affective processing.

Gender, Alcohol Dependence, and Affective Processing: An fMRI Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia B. Padula ◽  
Robert M. Anthenelli ◽  
James C. Eliassen ◽  
Zach Graham ◽  
Jaimee L. Heffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Effect of acute citalopram on self-referential emotional processing and social cognition in healthy volunteers

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hobbs ◽  
Susannah E. Murphy ◽  
Lucy Wright ◽  
James Carson ◽  
Indra Van Assche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
The Self ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours

Background Depression is characterised by negative views of the self. Antidepressant treatment may remediate negative self-schema through increasing processing of positive information about the self. Changes in affective processing during social interactions may increase expression of prosocial behaviours, improving interpersonal communications. Aims To examine whether acute administration of citalopram is associated with an increase in positive affective learning biases about the self and prosocial behaviour. Method Healthy volunteers (n = 41) were randomised to either an acute 20 mg dose of citalopram or matched placebo in a between-subjects double-blind design. Participants completed computer-based cognitive tasks designed to measure referential affective processing, social cognition and expression of prosocial behaviours. Results Participants administered citalopram made more cooperative choices than those administered placebo in a prisoner's dilemma task (β = 20%, 95% CI: 2%, 37%). Exploratory analyses indicated that participants administered citalopram showed a positive bias when learning social evaluations about a friend (β = 4.06, 95% CI: 0.88, 7.24), but not about the self or a stranger. Similarly, exploratory analyses found evidence of increased recall of positive words and reduced recall of negative words about others (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.93), but not the self, in the citalopram group. Conclusions Participants administered citalopram showed greater prosocial behaviours, increased positive recall and increased positive learning of social evaluations towards others. The increase in positive affective bias and prosocial behaviours towards others may, at least partially, be a mechanism of antidepressant effect. However, we found no evidence that citalopram influenced self-referential processing.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Di Stefano ◽  
Maria Vittoria De Angelis ◽  
Chiara Montemitro ◽  
Mirella Russo ◽  
Claudia Carrarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Insula Cortex ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Insular Region

Abstract Background and purpose The insular cortex serves a wide variety of functions in humans, ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Hence, insular dysfunction may result in several different presentations. Ischemic strokes limited to the insular territory are rare and deserve a better characterization, to be quickly recognized and to receive the appropriate treatment (e.g. thrombolysis). Methods We reviewed studies on patients with a first-ever acute stroke restricted to the insula. We searched in the Medline database the keywords “insular stroke” and “insular infarction”, to identify previously published cases. Afterwards, the results were divided depending on the specific insular region affected by the stroke: anterior insular cortex (AIC), posterior insular cortex (PIC) or total insula cortex (TIC). Finally, a review of the clinical correlates associated with each region was performed. Results We identified 25 reports including a total of 49 patients (59.7 ± 15.5 years, 48% male) from systematic review of the literature. The most common clinical phenotypes were motor and somatosensory deficits, dysarthria, aphasia and a vestibular-like syndrome. Atypical presentations were also common and included dysphagia, awareness deficits, gustatory disturbances, dysautonomia, neuropsychiatric or auditory disturbances and headache. Conclusions The clinical presentation of insular strokes is heterogeneous; however, an insular stroke should be suspected when vestibular-like, somatosensory, speech or language disturbances are combined in the same patient. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of more atypical presentations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document