scholarly journals Genetic Improvement of Livestock for Milk Production

10.5772/50761 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy K. ◽  
Moses K. ◽  
Isaac S.
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Improvement

HARIANA - AN INDIAN CATTLE BREED IN ITS NATIVE ECOLOGY

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
B. K. Joshi ◽  
M. S. Tantia ◽  
Neelam Gupta ◽  
S. C. Gupta ◽  
R. Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
North India ◽  
Animal Power ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Indian Cattle ◽  
Dairy Animal ◽  
Mechanized Agriculture

SUMMARYThe fast changing socio-economic levels of inhabitants, ecological profile and agricultural scenario in the native breeding.tract of Hariana cattle breed reveal several factors resulting in consistently a declining trend in the population as well as genetic deterioration in performance traits of the breed. The breed, once occupying pre eminent position in Indian farming throughout the entire rural households of North India for both draught power and milk production, isnow being gradually neglected and becoming economically non-remunerative because of intensive and more mechanized agriculture replacing draught animal power, shrinking grazing areas, over emphasis on crossbreeding with exotic cattle inheritance and emergence of buffalo as a commercial dairy animal. The authors emphasize the need to develop suitable strategies for planned genetic improvement and conservation programmes of the breed to resurrect it as an economical viable cattle breed for the posterity.

A MODEL PROGRAMME FOR THE PRESERVATION AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF THE SAHIWAL BREED IN INDIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
R. Nagarcenkar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Testing Programme

SUMMARYEight institutional herds in northern India with a breedable female population of about 750 are cooperating in a progeny testing programme for improvement of milk production in the Sahiwal breed.

scholarly journals Systems of cattle housing

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
G. Trifunovic ◽  
D. Latinovic ◽  
C. Mekic ◽  
Radica Djedovic ◽  
Predrag Perisic
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

In intensive milk production particular attention is given to genetic improvement of cattle for high milk production and high quality of milk. Such trend should be followed by improvement of non genetic factors through technology and management. This is related to up to date solutions for high milk production, better cow reproduction, increase of productivity, better working conditions, better housing, efficient health protection and hygienic conditions, better technology of cow feeding, etc. It is known that two systems of cattle housing are present: free stalls and station barn with a number of modifications, among which the frequently mentioned one is semi-free stall as a combination of the two basic ones. Some variations within two systems are due to farm, climate and other differences. Based on a number of investigations, it is found that station barns have some advantage when milk yield is considered, while free stalls have preference when the reproduction of cows, productivity of labor, health protection and longevity of cows are considered.

scholarly journals Application of the technology of improvement of body development traits as a basis for milk production in Simmental cattle population in Serbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
Radica Djedovic ◽  
P. Perisic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Heritability Estimates

To analyze variability and heritability of body development traits and possibilities for their improvement data of 371 performance tested Simmental bulls were used. Average test-on (120 days of age) and test-off (365 days of age) height at withers (HW), circumference of chest (Cir), depth of chest (DC), width of round (WR), width of hip (WH) and body length (BL) were 99.88?3.49 and 126.00?2.65 cm, 127.42?6.14 and 184.76?5.95 cm, 42.55?2.25 and 60.90?2.15 cm, 32.56?3.01 and 47.63?2.67 cm, 30.26?2.12 and 44.14?1.93, 106.69?5.99 and 147.57?4.65 cm, respectively. Average values for test-on and test-off index of body frame (IBF), index of chest depth (ICD), index of body compactness (ICBL), and index of massiveness (IM) were 106.8?4.44 and 117.13?3.11%, 42.61?1.90 and 48.34?1.45%, 119.59?5.19 and 125.27?4.26%, 127.58?4.86 and 146.65?4.30%, respectively. Heritability estimates for test-off height at withers, circumference of chest, depth of chest and body length were 0.43, 0.30, 0.33 and 0.29. Possibilities for improvement of body development traits were done according to their phenotypic and genetic variability. Obtained results confirm that exist enough variability in major body development traits in Simmental bulls which can be utilized not only for genetic improvement of milk production in their daughter, but also for improvement of overall body traits in Simmental population in Serbia.

scholarly journals Genomic analyses underpin the feasibility of concomitant genetic improvement of milk yield and mastitis resistance in dairy sheep

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Banos ◽  
Emily L. Clark ◽  
Stephen J. Bush ◽  
Prasun Dutta ◽  
Georgios Bramis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Custom Made

AbstractMilk yield is the most important dairy sheep trait and constitutes the key genetic improvement goal via selective breeding. Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases, significantly impacting on animal welfare, milk yield and quality, while incurring substantial costs. Our objectives were to determine the feasibility of a concomitant genetic improvement programme for enhanced milk production and resistance to mastitis. Individual records for milk yield and four mastitis-related traits were collected monthly throughout lactation for 609 ewes of the Chios breed. All ewes were genotyped with a mastitis specific custom-made 960 single nucleotide polymorphism array. We performed genomic association studies, (co)variance component estimation and pathway enrichment analysis, and characterised gene expression levels and the extent of allelic expression imbalance. Presence of heritable variation for milk yield was confirmed. There was no significant genetic correlation between milk yield and mastitis. Environmental factors appeared to favour both milk production and udder health. Four Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) affecting milk yield were detected on chromosomes 2, 12, 16 and 19, in locations distinct from those previously identified to affect mastitis resistance. Pathways, networks and functional gene clusters for milk yield were identified. Seven genes (DNAJA1, DNAJC10, FGF10, GHR, HMGCS1, LYPLA1, OXCT1) located within the QTL regions were highly expressed in both the mammary gland and milk transcriptome, suggesting involvement in milk synthesis and production. Furthermore, the expression of four genes (DNAJC10, FGF10, OXCT1, EMB) was enriched in immune tissues implying a favourable pleiotropic effect or likely role in milk production during udder infection. In conclusion, the absence of genetic antagonism between milk yield and mastitis resistance suggests that simultaneous genetic improvement of both traits be achievable. The detection of milk yield QTLs with the mastitis array underpins the latter’s utility as a breeding tool for the genetic enhancement of both traits.

Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Insemination on Dairy Cattle in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Artificial insemination is very important for genetic improvement, especially in dairy cattle breeds. It has problems in meeting the needs of some producers, not its opportunities. The objective of this study was the challenge and opportunity of artificial insemination on dairy cattle in the case of Sayo district, west Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. The problem of not using Artificial insemination is not limited to the region, and there are also dairy farmers in our district who have not practiced the service due to various challenges. In addition, most of the Artificial insemination services reported by the dairy industry have failed, rather than bull services. However, although there are few attempts to quantify opportunities, constraints, and why producers do not use artificial insemination services in other regions, researchers have not disclosed well-documented data on the challenges and opportunities of artificial insemination services in the Sayo region. The Result is Artificial insemination has played an important role in increasing milk production in the study area because the crossbreed that got good traits from exotic breeds gave high milk than local breed.

scholarly journals The impact of genetic selection on greenhouse-gas emissions in Australian dairy cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie E. Pryce ◽  
Matthew J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Milk Solids

In Australia, dairy cattle account for ~12% of the nation’s agricultural greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Genetic selection has had a positive impact, reducing GHG emissions from dairy systems mainly due to increased production per cow, which has led to (1) requiring fewer cows to produce the same amount of milk and (2) lowering emissions per unit of milk produced (emission intensity). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of previous and current genetic-selection practices on carbon emissions, using realised and predicted responses to selection for key traits that are included in the Australian national breeding objective. A farm model was used to predict the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions per unit change of these traits, while holding all other traits constant. Estimates of the realised change in annual CO2-eq emissions per cow over the past decade were made by multiplying predicted CO2-eq emissions per unit change of each trait under selection by the realised rates of genetic gain in each of those traits. The total impact is estimated to be an increase of 55 kg CO2-eq/cow.year after 10 years of selection. The same approach was applied to future CO2-eq emissions, except predicted rates of genetic gain assumed to occur over the next decade through selection on the Balanced Performance Index (BPI) were used. For an increase of AU$100 in BPI (~10 years of genetic improvement), we predict that the increase of per cow emissions will be reduced to 37 kg CO2-eq/cow.year. Since milk-production traits are a large part of the breeding goal, the GHG emitted per unit of milk produced will reduce as a result of improvements in efficiency and dilution of emissions per litre of milk produced at a rate estimated to be 35.7 g CO2-eq/kg milk solids per year in the past decade and is predicted to reduce to 29.5 g CO2-eq/kg milk solids per year after a conservative 10-year improvement in BPI (AU$100). In fact, cow numbers have decreased over the past decade and production has increased; altogether, we estimate that the net impact has been a reduction of CO2-eq emissions of ~1.0% in total emissions from the dairy industry per year. Using two future scenarios of either keeping the number of cows or amount of product static, we predict that net GHG emissions will reduce by ~0.6%/year of total dairy emissions if milk production remains static, compared with 0.3%/year, if cow numbers remain the same and there is genetic improvement in milk-production traits.

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