scholarly journals Study of Succinate Dehydrogenase and α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase in Mitochondria Inside Glass-Adhered Lymphocytes Under Physiological Conditions – The Two Dehydrogenases as Counterparts of Adrenaline and Acetylcholine Regulation

10.5772/50059 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kondrashova ◽  
Marina Zakharchenko ◽  
Andrej Zakharchenko ◽  
Natalya Khunderyakova ◽  
Eugen Maevsky
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase

Ultrastructure of Giant Mitochondria and Their Inclusions in Schwann Cells of Bovine Splenic Nerve

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Å. Thureson-Klein
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Giant Mitochondria ◽  
Matrix Density ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Cell Components

Giant mitochondria of various shapes and with different internal structures and matrix density have been observed in a great number of tissues including nerves. In most instances, the presence of giant mitochondria has been associated with a known disease or with abnormal physiological conditions such as anoxia or exposure to cytotoxic compounds. In these cases degenerative changes occurred in other cell organelles and, therefore the giant mitochondria also were believed to be induced structural abnormalities.Schwann cells ensheating unmyelinated axons of bovine splenic nerve regularly contain giant mitochondria in addition to the conventional smaller type (Fig. 1). These nerves come from healthy inspected animals presumed not to have been exposed to noxious agents. As there are no drastic changes in the small mitochondria and because other cell components also appear reasonably well preserved, it is believed that the giant mitochondria are normally present jin vivo and have not formed as a post-mortem artifact.

Freeze-fracture observations on changes in the distribution of Filipin-sterol complexes during epididymal maturation and capacitation of boar spermatozoa

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
N. Seki ◽  
Y. Toyama ◽  
T. Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Freeze Fracturing ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Epididymal Maturation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

It is believed that i ntramembra.nous sterols play an essential role in membrane stability and permeability. To investigate the distribution changes of sterols in sperm membrane during epididymal maturation and capacitation, filipin has been used as a cytochemical probe for the detection for membrane sterols. Using this technique in combination with freeze fracturing, we examined the boar spermatozoa under various physiological conditions.The spermatozoa were collected from: 1) caput, corpus and cauda epididymides, 2) sperm rich fraction of ejaculates, and 3)the uterus 2hr after natural coition. They were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4), and treated with the filipin solution (final concentration : 0.02.0.05%) for 24hr at 4°C with constant agitation. After the filipin treatment, replicas were made by conventional freeze-fracture technique. The density of filipin-sterol complexes (FSCs) was determined in the E face of the plasma membrane of head regions.

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

Interaction of Plasminogen Activators and Plasminogen with Heparin: Effect of Ionic Strength

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingeman C Rijken ◽  
Gerard A W de Munk ◽  
Annie F H Jie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator

SummaryIn order to define the possible effects of heparin on the fibrinolytic system under physiological conditions, we studied the interactions of this drug with plasminogen and its activators at various ionic strengths. As reported in recent literature, heparin stimulated the activation of Lys-plasminogen by high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) 10- to 17-fold. Our results showed, however, that this stimulation only occurred at low ionic strength and was negligible at a physiological salt concentration. Direct binding studies were performed using heparin-agarose column chromatography. The interaction between heparin and Lys-plasminogen appeared to be salt sensitive, which explains at least in part why heparin did not stimulate plasminogen activation at 0.15 M NaCl. The binding of u-PA and t-PA to heparinagarose was less salt sensitive. Results were consistent with heparin binding sites on both LMW u-PA and the amino-terminal part of HMW u-PA. Single-chain t-PA bound more avidly than two-chain t-PA. The interactions between heparin and plasminogen activators can occur under physiological conditions and may modulate the fibrinolytic system.

ACUTE ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
J. D. Elema ◽  
M. J. Hardonk ◽  
Joh, Koudstaal ◽  
A. Arends
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Histochemical Changes

ABSTRACT Acute changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex were induced by peritoneal dialysis with 5 % glucose. Although less clear, the activity of 3β-ol-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase also seemed to increase as well. No changes were seen in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Dialysis with 0.9 % NaCl had no effect on any of the enzymes investigated. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.

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