scholarly journals The Future of Synthetic Carbohydrate Vaccines: Immunological Studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 14

10.5772/48326 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dodi Safari ◽  
Ger Rijkers ◽  
Harm Snippe
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
The Future ◽  
Synthetic Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Vaccines

scholarly journals Combining synthetic carbohydrate vaccines with cancer cell glycoengineering for effective cancer immunotherapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2045-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qiu ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Qianli Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Honggang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Synthetic Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Vaccines

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: What Does the Future Hold?

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S363-S371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Nuermberger ◽  
William R. Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Multiply Resistant Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1310-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak-Leung Ho ◽  
Tak-Lun Que ◽  
Dominic Ngai-Chong Tsang ◽  
Tak-Keung Ng ◽  
Kin-Hung Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
The Future ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The MICs of 17 antimicrobial agents for 181 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were determined by the E-test. Overall, 69.1% were penicillin resistant (MIC > 0.06 μg/ml). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC > 2 μg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC > 2 μg/ml), or trovafloxacin (MIC > 1 μg/ml) was found in 12.1, 5.5, or 2.2% of the strains, respectively. These high rates of resistance raise concerns for the future.

Synthetic carbohydrate vaccines: Synthesis and immunogenicity of Tn antigen conjugates

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsushi Toyokuni ◽  
Sen-itiroh Hakomori ◽  
Anil K. Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Tn Antigen ◽  
Synthetic Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Vaccines

scholarly journals Semi- and fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines against pathogenic bacteria: recent developments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena E. Zasłona ◽  
A. Michael Downey ◽  
Peter H. Seeberger ◽  
Oren Moscovitz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Synthetic Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Vaccines

The importance of vaccine-induced protection was repeatedly demonstrated over the last three decades and emphasized during the recent COVID-19 pandemic as the safest and most effective way of preventing infectious diseases. Vaccines have controlled, and in some cases, eradicated global viral and bacterial infections with high efficiency and at a relatively low cost. Carbohydrates form the capsular sugar coat that surrounds the outer surface of human pathogenic bacteria. Specific surface-exposed bacterial carbohydrates serve as potent vaccine targets that broadened our toolbox against bacterial infections. Since first approved for commercial use, antibacterial carbohydrate-based vaccines mostly rely on inherently complex and heterogenous naturally derived polysaccharides, challenging to obtain in a pure, safe, and cost-effective manner. The introduction of synthetic fragments identical with bacterial capsular polysaccharides provided well-defined and homogenous structures that resolved many challenges of purified polysaccharides. The success of semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against bacterial infections, now in different phases of clinical trials, opened up new possibilities and encouraged further development towards fully synthetic antibacterial vaccine solutions. In this mini-review, we describe the recent achievements in semi- and fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines against a range of human pathogenic bacteria, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.

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